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Modern Public Policy, Assignment 1

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Submitted By Summerdmj
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Assignment 1: Public Administration
PAD 500: Modern Public Administration July 17th, 2014

White House Issue The White Issue I chose is education; Reform for the Future. President Obama and the rest of the United States believes education it the link for a stronger economy. By providing a better education, the economy will need a workforce that is adaptable, creative, equipped, and can successfully be competitive in the global marketplace.( Education of a President 2009) For America, this initiative begins when a child walks into class, opens a book, or is taught 1 plus 1 really equals 2. This initiative is successful when all American high school students are able to graduate either academically prepared for college or skilled to begin a prosperous career.
Public Policy Education would be categorized as a distributive public policy. Distributive are policies which involve incremental dispersal, unit by unit, to different segments of the population, and to individuals and institutions. For education, the distributive values are in forms of favors, spoils, benefits and patronage to some people or groups of individuals and organizations. In this case the government stipulates the mode and method sharing the national or the common wealth. As the most common form of policy, it uses general tax revenue to provide benefits to individuals or groups. Federal, state or local government allocates specific grant for the purpose of solving public and such actions are distributive policies. Some benefits are distributed without taking them away from other people, for example, free education. Education can fit as a distributive policy because as the most common form of policy, it uses general tax revenue to provide benefits to students, districts, counties, and states. As the case with education, taxes are placed of federal tax payers. The percentage of the American tax dollar that goes to education is exactly 3.5 cents on the American dollar. Unfortunately, 3.5cents is not enough to reform education the way President Obama invisions a future stronger America (www.nationalpriorities).
Policy Modification Two policy modifications that I believe can positively change education are: Strengthening the Teacher Profession and Sparking Innovation. Strengthening the Teacher Profession is a policy to directly support teachers. President Obama has launched the RESPECT Project, (Recognizing Educational Success, Professional Excellence, and Collaborative Teaching), this program is aimed at working with teachers, schools, district leaders, teachers associations and unions, and state and national education organizations to spark a dialogue that results in strong policy and a sustainable transformation of the teaching profession. (American Association of State Colleges and Universities. 2010) This is an excellent start to changing what is commonly known as a “classic classroom teacher”. In addition to supporting the preparation and development of successful teachers, the Department proposed to set aside 25 percent of the money from the No Child Left Behind (about $600 million)(www.whitehouse.gov). The set aside monies are allocated to improve teacher and leader recruitment, preparation, and professional development. The monies would endorse programs which recruit talented candidates into teaching and provide them with rigorous training to prepare them for high–need schools. The extra monies also support programs that recruit and train principals and school leadership teams to turn around the lowest performing schools (www.whitehouse.gov). Sparking Innovation is a policy where critical investments are made starting from Kindergarten with continuous efforts extending through 12th grade. There are four major focal points of Sparking Innovation are; Turning Around Failing Schools, Investing in Innovation, and Transforming Communities for Learning. All four focal points are geared towards for reform, transformation, and lots of dedication (www.whitehouse.gov). Two policies that can possibly negatively affect education are Redesigning and Reforming No Child left behind and Race to the Top. Redesigning NCLB act is a tax payer’s waste of money and time. Several points of the arguments against NCLB are as follows: * The federal government has consistently failed to provide the amount of funding the program requires. * Achievement is measured only by a students’ performance on annual multiple-choice reading and math tests. * Teachers are increasingly only teaching “to the test” due to the widespread fear that their students will perform badly resulting in their termination (No Child Left Behind has an Image Problem 2011).
Bush had good intentions with his "No Child Left Behind" plan of 2002, but it ended up inspiring states to lower their standards and schools to "teach to the test." (Fixing the No Child Left Behind Act 2011) "Accountability is the right goal," President Obama said, "but experience has taught us that in its implementation No Child Left Behind is ... hurting instead of helping." (www.ed.gov/teaching/national-conversation/vision). Under his new plan, President Obama will basically throw out the requirement that every student pass state tests by the 2013-14 school year and let states draft their own plans to improve the performance of struggling students in troubled schools. Basically, reforming NCLB should be erased from the chalkboard, and let other polices take on the role of transforming education.
Race to the Top (RTT) is a policy that mirrors other changes inside education, but so far has only affected 19 States in the United States. RTT has four major hopeful accomplishments; development of rigorous standards and better assessments, adoption of better data systems to provide schools, teachers, and parents with information about student progress, support for teachers and school leaders to become effective, and increased emphasis and resources for the rigorous interventions needed to turn around the lowest performing performs. These goals seem shared by Sparking Innovation, therefore could possibly take away from both policies being successful in each of their specific goals.

Constitution
In the first paragraph of in the Constitution, titled Section 8, states “Congress shall have the Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises”. Congress has the power to collect the taxes that are needed to support the needs in education. Congress can also borrow money on the credit of the United States. This could be helpful in case there is a ever a need to do so. In the last paragraph of Section 8, Congress has the power “To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers” which means whatever Congress authorizes will be upheld. The current issues involving education have become such a larger issue than it ever was before. Schools, Teachers, and Parents are not the only facts that affect the successfulness of receiving a good education. It now involves the allocation of funds, the elimination of different school activities, and the overall goal strengthening America.

References
American Association of State Colleges and Universities. (2010). Top 10 higher education state policy issues for 2010. policy matters: A higher education policy brief. American Association of State Colleges and Universities, Education of a President. (2009, Mar 26). The Baltimore Sun Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/406222790?accountid=458

Fixing the no child left behind act. (2011). American School & University, Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/872321428?accountid=458

No Child Left Behind has an Image Problem: No Child Left Behind, The Education Reform Act Everyone Loves to Hate. (2011, Sep 04). Contra Costa Times Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/887515300?accountid=458

http://www.ed.gov/teaching/national-conversation/vision

https://www.nationalpriorities.org/analysis/2013/taxday- 2013/?gclid=CJiW05vw0b8CFUIQ7AodDjYADQ

http://www.whitehouse.gov/issues/education/k-12/race-to-the-top

http://www.whitehouse.gov/issues/education/k-12/reforming-no-child-left-behind

http://www.whitehouse.gov/issues/education/reform

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