...Mongolia Mongolia is a landlocked country in east-central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and also the largest city, is home to about 45% of the population. Mongolia's political system is a parliamentary republic. The area of what is now Mongolia has been ruled by various nomadic empires, including the Xiongnu, the Xianbei, the Rouran, the Turkic Khaganate, and others. In 1206, Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire, and his grandson Kublai Khan conquered China to establish the Yuan Dynasty. After the collapse of the Yuan, the Mongols retreated to Mongolia and resumed their earlier pattern of factional conflict except the era of Dayan Khan and Tumen Zasagt Khan. In the 16th centuries, Tibetan Buddhism began to spread in Mongolia and it has been accelerated by the unwavering support of Qing governments after Mongolia had been incorporated by the Qing dynasty. In the 1900s, almost half of the adult male population were Buddhist monks.[12][13] By the mid-18th century, all of Mongolia had been incorporated into the area ruled by the Manchus' Qing Dynasty. During the collapse of the Qing Dynasty the Mongols established Temporary Government of Khalkha in 30 November 1911, before the abdication of the last Qing emperor and the establishment of the Republic of China. On 29 December 1911 Mongolia declared independence from the Qing Dynasty and this National Liberation Revolution ended 220 years of Manchu rule...
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...government, one being the legislative power of Mongolia. The Great Hural, which consists of 76 members, is the legislative power, with the delegates being elected every four years like the head of state's term. The head of state is the president, who is elected to a four-year run in office. state power The People's Great Hural, with it's 430 members, had the of Mongolia and usually met two times each year. Until 1990, the only legal political party in Mongolia was the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP), which was a Communist Party. Things changed when an amendment to the constitution allowed for oppositional political parties. Another part of the amendment allowed for a government run by a president and the institution of the Small Hural, which had 53 members. Compulsory education is available from ages 8 to 16, with almost 90% of the primary school age children attending in 1996. The attendance rate for secondary school was much lower at a little over 50% of the population attending. Institutions of higher learning had almost 40,000 attendees. The Mongols gained fame in the 13th century when under Chinggis KHAAN they established a huge Eurasian empire through conquest. After his death the empire was divided into several powerful Mongol states, but these broke apart in the 14th century. The Mongols eventually retired to their original steppe homelands and in the late 17th century came under Chinese rule. Mongolia won its independence in 1921 with Soviet backing...
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...Introduction Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, AKA Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People’s Republic of China, located in the northern region of the country. “The Mongolians who inhabit the vast plain in the northern part of China have been called the ‘ethnic group of music and poems’” (Jin 92). Mongolian developed a unique singing genre: long songs. Long songs are characterized by a musical characteristic of “a falling and rising melody with a free profound, long and slow rhythm” (Jin 93), which is “melismatically decorated and without a regular beat” (Pegg 43). Long songs have a very long history. “When it was as early as over one thousand years ago, ancestors of the Mongolians migrated from mountains and forests along the banks of Ergun River and onto the Mongolian plateau. Their way of production accordingly turned from hunting to stock raising. Long songs were formed and developed since then” (Sakura). This unique musical style has very deep influence on Mongolian People. “Long songs can be said to reflect features of Mongolian nomadic culture, link closely together Mongolian people’s language, literature, history, religion, mentality, world view ecological view of life and customs, and run throughout Mongolian people’s history and social life” (Sakura). Long songs can be classified into three main musical forms: extended, general and abbreviated. “The extended long song unfolds melodically as a continual linear development. It is characterized...
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...COLORS Expression Every people has its own way of saying things -- its own special expressions. Many everyday American expressions are based on colors. Red is a hot color. Americans often use it to express heat. They may say they are “red hot” about something unfair. When they are "red hot" they are very angry about something. The small hot-tasting peppers found in many Mexican foods are called “red hots” for their color and their fiery taste. Fast, loud music is popular with many people. They may say the music is “red hot” -- especially the kind called Dixieland jazz. Pink is a lighter kind of red. People sometimes say they are “in the pink” when they are in good health. The expression was first used in America at the beginning of the 20th century. It probably comes from the fact that many babies are born with a nice pink color that shows that they are in good health. Blue is a cool color. The traditional blues music in the United States is the opposite of red hot music. Blues is slow, sad and soulful. Duke Ellington and his orchestra recorded a famous song -- “Mood Indigo” -- about the deep blue color, indigo. In the words of the song: “You ain’t been blue till you’ve had that Mood Indigo.” Someone who is blue is very sad. The color green is natural for trees and grass. But it is an unnatural color for humans. A person who has a sick-feeling stomach may say she feels “a little green.” A passenger on a boat who is feeling very sick from high waves may look...
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...one the world’s most polluted cities – its “harmful dust” is 6-7 times higher than the most lenient World Health Organization standards. * Luckily, the issue is drawing more attention – International organizations including the World Bank are working with the Mongolian government to find solutions. * A newly-launched project will help local residents install more energy-efficient stoves and boilers & make the urban district heating system more eco-friendly. RELATED WORLD BANK * Download Report: Air Quality Analysis of Ulaanbaatar-Improving Air Quality to Reduce Health Impacts * Project: Ulaanbaatar Clean Air Project * Blog: Mongolia's growing shantytowns - the cold and toxic ger districts MULTIMEDIA VIDEO Mongolia: Curbing Air Pollution in the Capital City Gerelchimeg lives in one of the “ger areas” of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia’s capital. Ger means nomadic tent in Mongolian – former herders who lost their domestic animals to harsh winters or who are looking for better job opportunities brought their gers to the city and settled on the close-in city outskirts, without piped water, sanitation or basic city infrastructure. Even worse, dwellers of ger areas like Gerelchimeg have to breathe the thick, toxic smog of the city – when breathing, their lungs act like air filters, catching and storing the harmful dust which scientists call “Particulate Matter” (PM). PM that is smaller than 2.5 microns or “PM2.5” can cause severe respiratory illnesses. A...
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...needed for good hygiene practices, such as hand washing. Without adequate water people cannot use good hygiene practices and are vulnerable to hygiene related illnesses and deaths, such a diarrhea. Water is crucial not only for daily consumption by the people and for herders to maintain their livestock, but also for Mongolia’s economic development as an essential resource for industries such as the mining sector, which has driven the country’s economic growth. Water quantity and quality is also becoming a problem increasingly in the capital Ulaanbaatar. With nearly 50 percent of the population living in Ulaanbaatar, ensuring that there is sufficient and safe water for everyone is a challenge. Water resources of Mongolia are highly vulnerable to climatic conditions. Mongolia has harsh continental climate with four distinctive seasons, high annual temperature fluctuations, and low rainfall. As a result of climate change, hundreds of Mongolia’s lakes and rivers have dried up, and there is significant desertification of land especially in the south around the Gobi desert. Providing a clean supply of drinking water across the entire country is a difficult challenge – beginning with the need to lay freeze-proof water pipes over an area of 1.5 million square kilometers. We should teach children to turn off faucets tightly after use, adjust sprinklers to water your lawn.We have to use high quality water to prevent from some diseases.The most important thing is government have to implement...
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...bold; text-decoration : none; color : white; } El Rancho hopes to state case PICO RIVERA-- Armed with a top-five preseason ranking, the El Rancho High School boys cross country team has high hopes for the 2005 season. The Dons are ranked fifth in both CIF-Southern Section Division I and in Division I state. They also drew a No. 9 seed in the Nike Team Nationals California Region rankings. Read More Far Ahead El Rancho High School opened its 2005 season in promising fashion, delivering a 33-14 win Friday over Cerritos at Gahr High School.The victorious Dons enjoyed a productive night on the ground, rushing for 163 total yards. Mike Perez led the way with 83 yards on 16 carries. Read More In the Desert UKHAA TOLGOD, Mongolia - On the first afternoon here, fossil hunters struck out across the parched sand to the rock outcrops along the bleached brown ridges and down into the broad basin. They walked their separate courses at paces as if set to geologic time. With every step, their figures diminished into the expanse of empty silences and far horizons that is the Gobi Desert, where only camels, nomads and hardy paleontologists seem at home. Read More The Fall Season "Supernatural," on WB, is genuinely scary. But there are half a dozen other...
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...Luzbel 1 Nelson Luzbel Professor Chamberlain 2 pm class 29 November 2013 Drama Paper For my drama performance I chose to attend the AnDa Union musical at the Curtis M Phillips Center. The group consists of Mongolians who reflect their roots and tradition through their musical styles. The word Anda refers to a blood brother or sister, which for Mongolians holds more importance than a birth sibling since you choose the other person that is to become your “Anda”. The AnDa Union who perform the musical together are actually a brotherhood of Andas themselves. Throughout the show they played songs that tell a traditional story. The first song they performed was called Galloping Horses. The rhythm to this song is very fast paced and exciting, as for it is a resemblance of a group of horses galloping. I personally found this part of the performance to be very attention grabbing. This song is said to be the most well-known piece of music composed through the morin khuur. The morin khuur is a traditional Mongolian bowed stringed instrument, it is one of the most important music instruments to the Mongol people. Galloping Horses was written by the master Chi Bulag who created the musical piece after he had watched a fierce horse race. In the race, the winning horse staggered over the finish line, tumbled to the ground and died of exhaustion. Through the actual performance you can feel the suspense and imagine the race that Bulag based the musical piece on. Another song performed...
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...www.miningsecurityforum.com & MINING SECURITY CRISIS MANAGEMENT FORUM 2014 12-13 November Taj Cape Town South Africa Supported by: Gold Sponsor: Sponsors: Exhibitor Sponsor: Organised by: ABOUT THE SUMMIT MINING SECURITY & CRISIS MANAGEMENT FORUM 2014 | 12-13 NOVEMBER 2014 | CAPE TOWN The mining sector in the developing world is growing rapidly, but As global resources dwindle, companies are venturing into ever associated new risk and threat environment is crucial to the equipment and valuable minerals from mines, work place violence and and tested crisis management planning Terrorism across Africa is a growing concern, in 2013 the mining world was shocked by the deadly on the Areva mine in Niger, The Mining Security & Crisis Management Forum will address Managing and being highly alert to the insider opportunity to with industry a rise Security Survey 2013 found that 41% of the mining and metals 2 Mining Security & Crisis Management 2014 Forum SPEAKERS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Security • • • • MEDIA PARTNERS FireSpec Systems AFIMAC Global Control Risks Mwana Africa Vale (Mozambique) De Beers Namibia Debswana Diamond Co. Exxaro Resources Vale Brazil Antwerp World Diamond Centre (AWDC) De Beers Consolidated Mines Newmont Mining Mining Security & Crisis Management 2014 Forum 3 DAY 1 | WEDNESDAY 12TH NOVEMBER 2014 • • • • • • • • • mining industry • • • • • • • • P •...
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...ОРОН СУУЦ ТҮРЭЭСЛЭХ, ТҮРЭЭСЛҮҮЛЭХ ЖИШЭЭ ГЭРЭЭ Анхааруулга: Орон сууц түрээслэх, түрээслүүлэх гэрээний энэхүү драфт нь гэрээний хамгийн ерөнхий нөхцөлүүдийг тусгасан жишээ драфт болохыг анхаарна уу. Тухайн түрээсийн байрны онцлог, эсвэл түрээсийн нөхцлөөс хамаарч гэрээн дэх заалтууд өөрчлөгдөх, нэмэгдэх хасагдах шаардлага урган гардаг. Тухайлбал, -Тавилгатай гэрээ, тавилгагүй гэрээ -Барьцаа мөнгө 2 ба түүнээс дээш сар байх тохиолдол (голцуу үнэ өртөг бүхий тавилга эд хогшил орох тохиолдолд) -Төлбөрийн нөхцөл: Төлбөрийг сараар хийх, улиралаар хийх гэх мэт -Сар дундуур орох, сар дундуур гарах тохиолдолд өдрөөр тооцож төлбөрийг бодох тухай заалт /Гэрээний загвар дараагийн хуудсанд/ ОРОН СУУЦ ТҮРЭЭСЛЭХ, ТҮРЭЭСЛҮҮЛЭХ ГЭРЭЭ 201.. он ….. сар ….. өдөр Улаанбаатар Энэхүү Орон сууц түрээслэх, түрээслүүлэх гэрээг доорх талууд Монгол Улсын Иргэний хуулийн 302, 410-р зүйлийг удирдлага болгон дараах нөхцөлүүдээр харилцан тохиролцож байгуулав: а Монгол Улсын иргэн ………………................. овогтой ………………............ (цаашид “Түрээслэгч” тал гэнэ) б. Монгол Улсын иргэн ………………................. овогтой ………………............ (цаашид “Түрээслүүлэгч” тал гэнэ) НЭГ. ЕРӨНХИЙ НӨХЦӨЛ 1.1. Энэхүү ………………. дүүрэг, ….-р хороо, ……-р хороолол/хотхон, …… байрны …...тоотын нийт …… квадрат метр талбайтай, …… өрөө бүхий орон сууц нь ………………… улсын бүртгэлийн дугаартай, ………………… дугаартай өмчлөлийн эрхийн гэрчилгээтэй,...
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...EXERCISE #2 Doing Business with Mongolia Pulvera, Michael V. ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Over the past 20 years, Mongolia has transformed into a vibrant multiparty democracy with a booming economy. Mongolia is at the threshold of a major transformation driven by the exploitation of its vast mineral resources and the share of mining in GDP today stands at 20 percent, twice the ratio of a decade ago. The Mongolian economy is facing challenges from persistent economic imbalances. Economic growth slowed to 3.0 percent in the first half of 2015 amid declining exports from a continued weakening of the commodity market and slower growth in the key export market of China. Mongolia’s annual GDP growth is expected to slow to 2.3 percent for all of 2015. Poverty has been on a downward trend over the past decade. Most recently, Mongolia’s poverty rate declined from 27.4 percent in 2012 to 21.6 percent in 2014, although many remain near the poverty line. Substantial progress has also been made in regard to several Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) at the national level, though significant regional disparities prevail. To ensure sustainable and inclusive growth, Mongolia will need to strengthen institutional capacity to manage public revenues efficiently and limit the effects of Dutch Disease; allocate its resources effectively among spending, investing, and saving; reduce poverty; and offer equal opportunities to all its citizens in urban and rural areas. It needs to do this...
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...55 Mongolia: The Water Situation in Ulaanbaatar Mongolia: The Water Situation in Ulaanbaatar Hiroshi Sato* I. Introduction To many, Mongolia is a country of steppes and desert. Geographically, the country can be divided into three main regions: north, central and south. These regions vary greatly in terms of terrain, climate and other natural elements. The west of northern Mongolia is a wooded region covered in Siberian taiga forest. Meanwhile, the central region is home to Mongolia’s vast, characteristic steppes, and southern Mongolia is full of desert steppes. In 1990, Mongolia abandoned socialism and its one-party rule as the People’s Revolutionary Party introduced a multiple party system with influence from the Soviet perestroika movement. Then in 1992, the constitution was amended and the nation of Mongolia was born. Through these reforms, Mongolia ushered in a new democracy and transitioned from a planned economy to a market economy. As the economy flourished following the transition, a number of issues came to the surface. Of the issues raised, environmental issues are a major one in Mongolia. Currently, the impacts of domestic economic stimulation and problems such as recent global warming on the environment can be seen everywhere. Mongolia’s environmental problems are wide-ranging; air pollution, waste management, water pollution, overcentralization in the capital, energy issues, water resources, and urban environmental issues are but a few of...
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...LIBERTY THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY “Unreached People Group: Kazakhs of Mongolia” A Paper Submitted to Dr. Neal H. Creecy in partial fulfillment of the requirements for completion of GLST 500 Global Studies Survey By Ryann S. Ruckman Dec. 9, 2013 Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………..3 Kazakhs of Mongolia Background Information………………………………..4 History………………………………………………………………………4 Language…………………………………………………………………..5 Social Structure……………………………………………………………6 Culture………………………………………………………………………7 Economy……………………………………………………………………7 Religion……………………………………………………………………..8 Survey of Missions Work……………………………………………………….11 Church Status………………………………………………………….....11 Known Believers………………………………………………………….12 Challenges……………………………………………………………......13 Present Strategies…………………………………………………....….14 Proposed Strategy………………………………………………………..…….15 Accessing the Country…………………………………………………..15 Discipleship and Church Planting Strategy…………………………...16 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………....18 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………......20 Figures – Physical Map of Bayan-Ulgii, Mongolia…………………………..3 Introduction The Kazakhs of Mongolia are a people untouched by the gospel fire and the redeeming love of Jesus Christ. The Kazakh’s of Mongolia are the largest ethnic minority group in Mongolia, numbering over 100,000 and mainly live in the western province of Bayan Ulgii. These nomadic people migrated from their homeland of Kazakhstan and are a people rooted...
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...team, you will be a key player in ensuring the success of this new venture. You will be responsible for providing assessments, analysis, and written plans for successful furtherance of Company A’s global marketing plan. Your manager at Company A has asked you to submit a detailed marketing approach that the manager will present to the operating committee. Your approach should address any major cross-cultural challenges that may likely surface as Company A expands into an Eastern Asian market. A. Identify one country in Eastern Asia a. After researching a number of East Asia countries Company A has decided that Mongolia will be the best choice for expansion B. Identify major cross-cultural issues that may impact Company A’s marketing approach in this situation: b. Spoken Language Barriers i. The official language of Mongolia is Mongolian and is spoken by 95% of the native population. 1. Company A will have to...
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...Environmental problems facing Mongolia include desertification, inadequate water supply, and air and water pollution. The presence of the Gobi Desert in the southeastern part of the country and mountains in the northwest provide natural limits to the amount of agricultural land. Areas affected by deforestation and excessive grazing are eventually overtaken by the desert. Water pollution is a particularly significant problem in Mongolia because the water supply is so limited. The country has only 34.8 cubic kilometers of renewable water resources, 53% of which are used for farming. In 2000, only 77% of city dwellers and 30% of the people living in rural areas had access to pure water. The country's air pollution problems are due to increased industrial activity within the country, including the burning of soft coal, and airborne industrial pollution from the former Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China. The heavy concentration of factories in Ulaanbaatar has polluted the environment in that area. Przewalski's horse, the Bactrian camel, the snow leopard, and the saiga are among 12 mammals and 14 birds which are considered endangered. The Mongolian wild horse has become extinct in the wild. After a winter of little snow, wildfires spread across northern Mongolia from March until June of 1996. The fires were the most extensive since records were first compiled in 1978, resulting in 26 deaths and nearly 800 people injured or rendered shelterless. An estimated...
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