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Monitors Display Device

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Submitted By gutzer
Words 373
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Architektura HW:
Zobrazovací jednotky
Martin Gutzer
1. ročník IT - PG LS 2015/2016
Monitory
Historie
Monitory CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)
• 1869 - objevení a popsání luminiscenčního jevu
• 1897 - popsán princip paprsková trubice (CRT)
• 1926 - vyrobena první CRT obrazovka
• 1928 - první barevná CRT obrazovka
• 1938 - patentovaná první televizní obrazovka
Monitory LCD (Liquid-Crystal Display)
• 1877 - objevení mezifáze při přechodu z tekuté do pevné fáze
• 1888 - popsání principu tekutých krystalů ¨
• 1922 - navrženo klasifikační schéma pro dělení tekutých krystalů
• 1963 - pokusy s optickými vlastnostmi tekutých krystalů
• 1968 - první experimentální displej z tekutých krystalů
• 1973 - první použití displeje z tekutých krystalů

• 1980 - vývoj plazma displejů
Typy monitorů i. Monitory CRT 1. - Invar 2. - Trinitron 3. - Cromaclear ii. • Monitory LCD 4. - pasivní 5. - aktivní iii. • Monitory plazmové
Monitory CRT
Základní funkcí zobrazovací jednotky je zobrazovat grafické a textové informace.
Obrazovka je tvořena vzduchoprázdnou skleněnou baňkou, jejíž přední část tvoří luminiscenční stínítko (potažené luminoforem). Tvorba obrazu začíná v grafické kartě. Digitální signál je nejprve nutné převést prostřednictvím digitálně-analogového převodníku DAC „Digital to Analog Convertor“ na signál analogový, kterému monitor dokáže rozumět.
Obvody DAC jsou uloženy na jednom specializovaném čipu, jenž ve skutečnosti obsahuje tři převodníky každý pro jednu ze tří základních barev RGB.
Obvody DAC převádějí číselné hodnoty zasílané počítačem na analogové tabulky, které obsahují potřebné úrovně napětí pro tři základní barvy. Tyto barvy jsou nutné k namíchaní barvy jednoho bodu. Jednotlivé elektronové svazky jsou emitovány z nepřímo žhavené katody, která má na svém povrchu nanesenu emisní vrstvu. Proces začíná u elektronového děla, které je koncem každé katodové trubice. Elektronové dělo po zahřátí vystřeluje proudy elektronů pro jednu ze tří základních barev,
Při tvorbě celého obrazu je nutné elektrony vysílané elektronovým dělem vychýlit tak, aby zasáhly přesně ten bod stínítka, který se má rozsvítit. Z bodů různého jasu se skládá obraz. Proto jsou elektrony v horizontálním i vertikálním směru vychylovány magnetickým polem vychylovacích cívek. Paprsek elektronů je vychylován zleva doprava a shora dolů velkou rychlostí, takže rozzáření jednotlivých luminiscenčních bodů splyne a člověk vidí obraz stabilní. U 50 Hz televizorů je rychlost vychylování taková, že paprsek přejede za vteřinu 15 625x zleva doprava a 50x shora dolů. Při barevném obrazu je třeba zobrazit tři základní barvy, ze kterých se pomocí různého jasu každé barvy skládá celé barevné spektrum.

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