...from the surface of the moon 45 years ago, signaled the dawn of a new age. This month marks the 45th anniversary of the epic Apollo 11 flight that landed the first humans on the moon and safely returned them to Earth. Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins launched from Florida on July 16, 1969. Armstrong and Aldrin ventured out onto the lunar surface on July 20, 1969. The two men spent 21.5 hours on the moon before taking off from the lunar surface to meet up with Collins in the command module and fly back to Earth. Main Story: The Future of Moon Exploration, Lunar Colonies and Humanity NASA astronauts returned to the surface of the moon on multiple missions, however, no human has touched down on the natural satellite's surface since 1972. Space.com's complete coverage of the 45th anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon landing appears below: Video: Exclusive: Buzz Aldrin Remembers Moon's 'Magnificent Desolation' Exclusive: Buzz Aldrin Remembers Moments Before the Moon Apollo 11 Retrospective: 'One We Intend To Win' Apollo 11 45th Anniversary - NASA Administrator Remembers Space Station Salutes Apollo 11 45th Anniversary Infographics and Multimedia: Apollo Quiz: Test Your Moon Landing Memory NASA's Historic Apollo 11 Moon Landing in Pictures How the Apollo 11 Moon Landing Worked: Infographic Buzz Aldrin, Apollo 11 Moonwalker, in Photos Story Coverage: Thursday, July 24 Apollo 11's Vintage Tech: The Most Amazing Moon Landing Innovations From...
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... • Through out history our believed the Earth was the understanding of the universe center of the solar system, has greatly evolved. Our creating a Geocentric understanding of the universe universe, meaning that has changed so much because everything else in the universe people were not afraid to ask orbited around the Earth. the big questions. (Rodriguez, “Planet Quest Historic Timeline”) Geocentric Theory • Ptolemy, a Greek philosopher is most commonly credited with the Geocentric Theory. (“Our Solar System-Revolutionary Ideas”) • Argued that the universe revolved around the Earth. • Ancient astronomers believed the Earth was motionless they believed the stars, moon and sun rotated around the Earth in a circular movement. (“Our Solar System-Revolutionary Ideas”) • This theory was accepted for the next 1200 years. Until Nicolaus Copernicus suggested the universe was really heliocentric. Corpernican Model • In 1543, Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish scholar, suggested the universe did not revolve around the Earth, but rather, the center of the universe was The Sun, and all the other planets orbited around it. (Rodriguez, “Planet Quest Historic Timeline”) • His idea, however controversial in that time period, was the beginning of a new way of thinking of how the universe was designed. • Roman Catholic Church rejected his idea until 1822. Milky Way • In 1750, Thomas Wright...
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...lives of unicorns and sassy kittens are like. I enjoy reading fictional stories and when I was a child, I would imagine characters with special powers and play with those around me. I do believe I will grab the attention of the readers. They would show interest in the topic through surprise that a college student, in a professional environment, would write about such a childish topic. I want that surprise to bring out their curiosity, causing them to pay attention to the story. Although they may show interest in the beginning, the readers may fade out of the story and get bored by predicting the plot. Have you ever wondered what was on the other side of the moon? There are many stories of aliens or martians on the other side, which has not been proven false, nor has it been proven true, but on the other side of the moon there also lives a kitten. This kitten is known to have the power to torture their enemies through irritation and sass, explaining the reason for the kitten being known as SKB, Sassy Kitty Boss. Many worlds and warriors have trained hard to defeat this boss, but none have yet succeeded. The SKB has become more and more arrogant and became known as SKAB, Sassy Kitty Arrogant Boss. He stopped giving notice to people trying to defeat him because he believed nobody could even touch him. But what nobody knew was that there is a small dwarf planet where there are three warrior unicorns, Paul, Deron, and Kenny La, who...
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...region of space where many individual galaxies and many groups and clusters of galaxies are packed more closely together than elsewhere in the universe * Universe (cosmos): the sum total of all mater and energy * Observable Universe: the portion of the entire universe that can be seen from Earth * Universe is expanding, Big Bang occurred 14 billion years ago * Planet: moderately sized object that orbits a star and shines primarily by reflecting light from its star; an object is a planet if it (1) orbits a star, (2) is large enough for its own gravity to make it round, and (3) has cleared most other objects from its orbital path * Dwarf planet: object that meets the first two criteria but not the third, like Pluto * Moon (or satellite): an object that orbits a planet * Asteroid: a relatively small and rocky object that orbits a star * Comet: a relatively small and ice-rich object that orbits a star * Small solar system body: an asteroid, comet, or other object that orbits a star but is too small to qualify as a planet or dwarf planet * Star system: a star (sometimes more than one star) and any planets and other materials that orbit it * Star: large, glowing ball of gas that...
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...gathering berries and nuts, were facing a lack of food. A giant monolith appeared on Earth one day and began to experiment with many of them, probing and developing their minds. Among those in whom the monolith took an interest was Moon-Watcher, the only man-ape who walked fully upright. At night, a few select man-apes were taught and during the day, they innovated. Moon-Watcher discovered that he could fashion tools with which to kill animals for sustenance—the man-apes' hunger problem was solved. Time passed and the man-ape evolved. His brain grew, he invented language and organized into civilizations, and he invented weapons—first knives, but then guns and finally nuclear missiles. Such innovations had been central in man's dominion over earth, but "as long as they existed, he was living on borrowed time." Eager to embark on another space mission, Dr. Heywood Floyd arrived at the Florida launch location after meeting with the president. He offered no comment to the press, nor would he reveal the details of mission to the crew that served him so faithfully on board or to his Russian friend whom he encounters at the joint U.S.-U.S.S.R. space station, a stop on his journey to the Moon. Upon his arrival, Floyd is greeted by a top official of the Moon colony and whisked off to a meeting. A lead scientist explains that they had found a magnetic disturbance in Tycho, one of the Moon's craters. An examination of the area had revealed a large black slab, called Tycho Magnetic Anomaly-One...
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...The Moon and the Stars By: Jed Basilio The story of how the moon and the stars came to be in this world is quite fascinating. IN the ancient land of Greece long ago, there was a beautiful young girl named Alexis. She had beautiful long black hair and the brightest of blue was cast into her eyes. Although Alexis was known for her beauty, she was also very skilled for her archery skills. Alexis often boasted of her skills and beauty. Artemis was walking through the land on earth and she saw Alexis shooting arrows and was fascinated with such unique techniques. Artemis wanted to make Alexis part of her hunting group. “Alexis I suppose?” asked Artemis “Yes, and who are you?” questioned Alexis “I am but a mere old lady awe of your skill. Will you come with me?” said Artemis “Where are we going?” Alexis curiously asked “You will find out soon enough.” Said Artemis as she revealed her true form In amazement Artemis had asked Alexis to stay with her and her huntresses. Alexis agreed and went back to get all of her belongings as her life was about to change tremendously. The work began right after and Alexis, Artemis, and the huntresses found Artemis’ secret base under a great big oak tree. Under the ground was a very intricate system of tunnels leading to many different rooms. The whole day was dedicated to training. Although Alexis was tired and worn out, Alexis could not fall asleep and saw that Artemis was awake and found out why they called her the best huntress in...
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...Evolutions for the new Pokémon games coming out later this year. Considering the titles of these new games, are Pokémon Sun and Moon, I think it might be appropriate to look at Pokémon that utilize the Sun stone and Moon stone to evolve. We will be looking at how this can impact the game from a competitive standpoint and we will be rating on a scale of 1 to 10 each individual mega on how likely game freak would make this go from speculation to reality. Now let’s get into it! The first Pokémon on our list evolves using the Sun Stone. Sunflora is a Pokémon from gen 2 that overall below average stats, but what hurts this Pokémon a lot is that it is a grass type with a horrible speed stat of just base 30. I personally don’t even see a mega evolution helping this Pokémon unless it is granted a new typing. I might like to see sunflora get a secondary fire typing through mega evolution. Granted it doesn’t have access to any fire type moves up to 6th gen, gen 7 might go ahead change that up and give it access to flamethrower or fire blast. I’d say a mega evolution for sunflora with a new fire typing and some boosted stats could bump it up to the RU tier due to being able to take a hit much better and access to more coverage. As for my opinion in possibility of this happening let’s give it a 4/10. The 2nd Pokémon we will be looking at utilizes the Moon stone for evolution. Wigglytuff was a Pokémon that I always wanted to be better. 6th gen tried helping it out a little bit by giving...
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...The Moon Landing On the day of July 20, 1969 the United States of America accomplished a colossal feat that astonished the world. After years of trial and error the United States of America was able to beat all odds and all other countries in putting a man on the Earth’s moon, two men to be exact. Neil Alden Armstrong, the first man to lay his feet on the moon’s surface and Edwin Eugene “Buzz” Aldrin Jr. who shortly followed became symbols of America’s self-proclaimed superiority. The controversy of this topic lies in many questions. What events took place that led up to the moon landing? Who was involved? How and why did we put a man on the moon and be the first? History itself can give us these answers but there is also one question that seems to still have people talking to this day and that is, did it really even happen or could it possibly be the United States of America’s greatest hoax? The Cold War began approximately in 1945 at the end of World War II. The United States, Great Britain and some other allied counties decided they wanted to contain communism in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R) and China. Although the United States of America and these communist enemies did not get in any physical battles during this war there was definitely a lot of unspoken threats and the flexing of muscles between the two super powers, the United States of America and the Soviet Union. One of the two biggest contests or “races” between the two countries began when...
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...Jubin Shah The Future for Space Elevators: The Moon and Beyond An interesting concept, a space elevator from the Earth to the Moon, has been suggested since 1885, or perhaps even earlier (Soderman). Several countries, including the United States, have begun working on the concept with hopes of making it a reality. The NASA Lunar Science Institute, now known as the Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute, has noted that a space affiliate, the Liftport Group, is being funded through Kickstart to help finance the first step in building the space elevator (Soderman). The Liftport website describes their moon elevator project as follows: LiftPort’s proposed research will develop practical, near-term solutions for construction and expansion of a Lunar Elevator. The study will include characterization of materials; analysis of required rocketry and robotics; and evaluation of landing sites and methods of anchoring to the Lunar surface. Additionally, Ribbon spooling, infrastructure deployment, and micrometeorite mitigation techniques will be explored (Lunar). (Now) NASA has also has been instrumental in developing aspects of the moon elevator. Several years ago, NASA sponsored a million dollar contest for whoever could design the best mechanism to climb the elevator. LaserMotive won $900,000 from NASA's Centennial Challenges program for meeting the Level 1 standard of having their laser-powered robot climb a 900-meter-long cable suspended from a hovering helicopter...
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...Unit 9 Assignment 1: Geology of the Area Maryland’s Geology From the Atlantic coast on the east to the Appalachian Plateau on the west, Maryland has a great variety of geology and landforms. Maryland is part of six physiographic provinces (shown in the figure below). A physiographic province is a geographic area in which the geology (including lithology and structure) and climate history have resulted in landforms that are distinctly different from adjacent areas. An overview of the geology by physiographic province is provided below. Atlantic Coastal Plain The Atlantic Coastal Plain Province is underlain by a wedge of unconsolidated sediments including gravel, sand, silt, and clay, which overlaps the rocks of the eastern Piedmont along an irregular line of contact known as the Fall Zone. Eastward, this wedge of sediments thickens to more than 8,000 feet at the Atlantic coast line. Beyond this line is the Atlantic Continental Shelf Province, the submerged continuation of the Coastal Plain, which extends eastward for at least another 75 miles where the sediments attain a maximum thickness of about 40,000 feet. The sediments of the Coastal Plain dip eastward at a low angle, generally less than one degree, and range in age from Triassic to Quaternary. The younger formations crop out successively to the southeast across Southern Maryland and the Eastern Shore. A thin layer of Quaternary gravel and sand covers the older formations throughout much of the area. Mineral...
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...General Lunar Background The Moon is Earth’s only natural satellite. Understanding how it evolved is a very important step in understanding lunar exploration and the specific features of the moon. The moon formed roughly 4.5 billion years ago. About 0.2 billion years later, the South Pole- Aitken Basin was formed by a large impact. Between 4.1 and 3.8 billion years ago, was a period known as the heavy bombardment period (Evolution of the Moon. 2012). During this period, the moon was hit with numerous impacts that left craters. 3.1 to 1 billion years ago, mare volcanism took place (Evolution of the Moon. 2012). During this time, the lava from under the crust, broke through the surface, and filled the craters with Mare. Also during this time, intermediate cratering was taking place (Evolution of the Moon. 2012). Intermediate cratering was smaller asteroids and debris smashing into the moon, creating smaller craters in the surface of the mare. From this time, until today, ray cratering has been taking place (Evolution of the Moon. 2012). These are the craters that have bright rays coming off of them. Lunar exploration began when the Soviets’ Luna flew by the moon in 1959. Soon after, Pioneer 4, sent by NASA, passed by the moon. The Ranger, Surveyor, and Lunar Orbiter missions were sent by NASA soon after that to photograph the surface of the...
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...History Era’s Project 1970-1990- April 11, 1970, three people was sent to the moon called the “Apollo 13 Mission.” James Lovell, John Swigert, and Fred Haise went to the moon for a mission. April 13 things started going wrong. Their second oxygen tank exploded, electricity went out, and they had no more water. Houston then began to make a plan where they could get the astronauts back safely. The crew got supplies and power somehow to come back the Earth safely, even if it did mean landing in the ocean. April 17 they came back landing in the Pacific Ocean. In the 1980’s Ronald Reagan was the President. Also someone had shot Reagan but he survived that failed assassination. People loved television and video games back then until the war came...
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...Unit 9 Assignment 1: Geology of the Area Maryland’s Geology From the Atlantic coast on the east to the Appalachian Plateau on the west, Maryland has a great variety of geology and landforms. Maryland is part of six physiographic provinces (shown in the figure below). A physiographic province is a geographic area in which the geology (including lithology and structure) and climate history have resulted in landforms that are distinctly different from adjacent areas. An overview of the geology by physiographic province is provided below. Atlantic Coastal Plain The Atlantic Coastal Plain Province is underlain by a wedge of unconsolidated sediments including gravel, sand, silt, and clay, which overlaps the rocks of the eastern Piedmont along an irregular line of contact known as the Fall Zone. Eastward, this wedge of sediments thickens to more than 8,000 feet at the Atlantic coast line. Beyond this line is the Atlantic Continental Shelf Province, the submerged continuation of the Coastal Plain, which extends eastward for at least another 75 miles where the sediments attain a maximum thickness of about 40,000 feet. The sediments of the Coastal Plain dip eastward at a low angle, generally less than one degree, and range in age from Triassic to Quaternary. The younger formations crop out successively to the southeast across Southern Maryland and the Eastern Shore. A thin layer of Quaternary gravel and sand covers the older formations throughout much of the area. Mineral...
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...Acid Rain --------- Acid Rain is caused by pollution containing sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and ozone ( SOý, NOx, and Oý ) is released into the air. These chemicals are absorbed into clouds and results in Acid Presipitation ( Acid Rain, Acid Snow, Acid Hail, Acid Sleet ). When the chemicals aren't absorbed into clouds, they can drift for miles and fall to the ground, resulting in Acid Deposition, or dry deposition. When Acid Rain falls into water it is mixed in with the normal water and causes the pH of the entire body to be raised. Measurments on the pH ( potential Hydrogen ) scale, rise exponentialy, thus, a lake with a pH of 4 is ten times as acidic as a lake with a pH of 5, and a lake with a pH of 3 is 100 times as acidic, After many rain falls of Acid rain, the pH of a normal lake ( 5.8 ) to 4. Acid Rain has been known to reach the acidicy of pH 2, ( battery acid has a pH if 1 ) this is a drastic change, as normal rain is average pH 5.2. Acid Rain can dissolve limestone and chalk, and corrodes outdoor structures. Statues and monuments that are left unprotected can fall victim to the unpredjudiced destruction of acid rain. Acid Rain reacts to different types of soil and rocks in two ways. 1) Acid rain will dissolve alkaline rocks and soil, or will neutralize the alkalinity. 2) Acid rain will increase the acidicy of already acidic rocks and soil, such as granite...
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...primary standards and give two examples. primary standard should fulfill the following requirements: 1) It should be100.00% pure, although 0.01-0.02% impurity is tolerable. 2) It should be stable to drying temperatures, and it should be stable indefinitely at room temperature. The primary standard is always dried before weighing. 3) It should have a high formula weight. A high formula weight will reduce experimental error since a relatively large amount of it will have to be weighed in order to get enough moles to perform the titration and, the relative error in weighing a greater amount of material is smaller than for a small amount. * Potassium hydrogen phthalate (usually called KHP) for standardisation of aqueous base and perchloric acid in acetic acid solutions * Sodium carbonate for standardisation of aqueous acids: hydrochloric, sulfuric...
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