... -Definition of Morality and the law -Principles of Morality -The validity question Body -principles of Morality in details -The principle of Truth -The principle of Courage -The principle of Compassion -The principle of Love - The principle of Forgiveness - A general overview of other principles of morality II Reasons for and against the law taking validity from Morality. -Reasons why the law most take its validity from Morality -Reasons against the Law taking validity from Morality. -conclusion with a personal view Morality and the law; the validity question The notions of Morality and the Law are as old as the biblical story of creation, where God created man and gave him rights, duties and laws to follow (Genesis 1). According to the oxford dictionary, morals is ‘concerned with or derived from a code of behavior that is considered right or acceptable in a particular society. (Www.Oxforddictionaries.com). morality is the degree to which something is right and good. The moral goodness and badness of something. (Meriam-webster.com) some principles of morality include honesty, love, courage, heroism, loyalty, respect, self discipline, compassion, and forgiveness. Most moral principles today owe their origin to religion. Former American president...
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...Principles of Information Security, Fourth Edition Chapter 3 Legal, Ethical, and Professional Issues in Information Security Learning Objectives • Upon completion of this material, you should be able to: – Describe the functions of and relationships among laws, regulations, and professional organizations in information security – Differentiate between laws and ethics – Identify major national laws that affect the practice of information security – Explain the role of culture as it applies to ethics in information security Principles of Information Security, 4th Edition 2 Introduction • You must understand scope of an organization’s legal and ethical responsibilities • To minimize liabilities/reduce risks, the information security practitioner must: – Understand current legal environment – Stay current with laws and regulations – Watch for new issues that emerge Principles of Information Security, 4th Edition 3 Law and Ethics in Information Security • Laws: rules that mandate or prohibit certain societal behavior • Ethics: define socially acceptable behavior • Cultural mores: fixed moral attitudes or customs of a particular group; ethics based on these • Laws carry sanctions of a governing authority; ethics do not Principles of Information Security, 4th Edition 4 Organizational Liability and the Need for Counsel • Liability: legal obligation of an entity extending beyond criminal or contract law; includes legal obligation to make restitution...
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...machines. It can also lead to new forms of social interaction [..]. However, without appropriate architecture and regulatory controls it can also subvert democratic values. Information technology is not in fact neutral in its values; we must be intentional about design for democracy. (Pottie, 2004) Information and communication technology, ICT, has led to the emergence of global web societies. The subject of this article is privacy and its protection in the process of urbanization and socialization of the global digital web society referred to as the e-polis. Privacy is a fundamental human right recognized in all major international agreements regarding human rights such as Article 12 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (United Nations, 1948), and it will be discussed in the chapter under the heading Different Views of Privacy. Today’s computer network technologies are sociologically founded on huntergatherer principles. As a result, common users may be possible subjects of surveillance and sophisticated Internet-based attacks. A user may be completely unaware of such privacy breaches taking place. At the same time, ICT offers the technical possibilities of embedded privacy protection obtained by making technology trustworthy and legitimate by design. This means incorporating options for socially acceptable behavior in technical systems, and making privacy protection rights and responsibilities transparent to the user. The ideals of...
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...Ethics Issues Kimberly Crockran MGT/216 May 10, 2010 Kenneth Popp “What is business ethics”? According to BNET Business Dictionary (2009), business ethics is a system of moral principles applied in the commercial world. Business ethics provide guidelines for acceptable behavior by organizations in both their strategy formulation and day-to-day operations. An ethical approach is becoming necessary both for corporate success and a positive corporate image. Following pressure from consumers for moral ethical and responsible business practices, many organizations are choosing to make a public commitment to ethical business by formulating codes of conduct and operating principles. In doing so, they must translate into action the concepts of personal and corporate accountability, corporate giving, corporate governance, and whistleblowing. There are numerous ethical issues that affect our community and organization. In the remainder of this paper, we will discuss three ethical issues within today’s business environment that affect our community and organization. The first ethical issue that affects our community and organization is discrimination. Discrimination occurs when an employee suffers unfavorable or unfair treatment because of race, religion, national origin, disabled or veteran’s status, or other legally protected characteristics. According to Trevino and Nelson (2007) racial, ethnic, religious, or sexual stereotypes can creep into the behavior or even the most sophisticated...
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...Ethics is the moral principle that governs an individual’s or group's behavior. Everyday nurses encounter challenging ethical dilemmas in providing care for their patients. Some of the challenging dilemmas include providing care that will prolong life but decrease quality of life, euthanasia, whether to break confidentiality to provide care for a patient, stem cell research, etc. Currently, ethical decisions in the nursing profession and health care are becoming more complex. Due to this change nurses today require advanced problem solving ability and critical thinking skills to deal with ethical issues. Patient’s lives can be greatly affected by the decisions healthcare members make pertaining to their care. Decisions involving ethics can create situations in which parties disagree with one another on the plan of care. Emotions and interpersonal relationships are factors that interfere with a nurses’ ability to make clear decision related to their patients during these difficult situations. Developing an advanced nursing problem solving skills and critical thinking skills will allow nurses to be the best patient advocate. (Hodgson, Mendenhall, & Lamson, 2013) In this paper I will discuss a situation that reveals how the different types of healthcare ethics could change the overall outcome of the situation. Importance of Ethical Theory to Nursing Utilitarianism/Consequentialism: In ethics utilitarianism is a theory that states the rightness or wrongness of a decision or...
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...Definition of ethics – individual’s moral beliefs and values about what is right and what is wrong, good or bad that guide his behavior. It is code of behavior that is acceptable to a person/organization to follow in a given society. It is a value judgment that may differ in importance and meaning between different individual. Ethics are based on individual beliefs and social standards; vary from person to person, from situation to situation and from culture to culture. Social standards of individual influence by; - The behavior af parents and other adults - Influenced by peers - Experience shapes our lives and contributed to aur ethical beliefs and our behavior How employees (managers) make a decisions is depends on their moral and belief. Business ethics is a term used to refer to ethical and unethical behaviors by employee of commercial organizations. Ethical behavior – behavior which is conforming to generally accepted social norms concerning beneficial and harmful actions. Ethical objectives – are targets based on a moral code(ethical code) for the business, for example ‘doing the right thing’. The growing acceptance of corporate social responsibility has led to businesses adopting an ‘ethical code’ to influence the way in which decisions are taken. Ethical code – a document detailing a company’s rules and guidelines on staff behavior that must be followed by all employees. Codes of ethics /policies/code of practice - A set of principles to determine employees’ behavior...
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...MIIZ04, ME001-S : Analysis and Design of Management Information System by Dr. Eric C.C. Tsang (曾祥財 曾祥財) 曾祥財 FIT, MUST 1 Chapter 4 Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems 2 Management Information Systems Chapter 4 Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Identify the ethical, social, and political issues that are raised by information systems. • Identify the principles for conduct that can be used to guide ethical decisions. • Evaluate the impact of contemporary information systems and the Internet on the protection of individual privacy and intellectual property. • Assess how information systems have affected everyday life. 3 Management Information Systems Chapter 4 Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems Is Your Student Loan Data on Loan? • Problem: Insufficient privacy protections for sensitive data related to student loans. • Solutions: Improve system security and protect student information to restore confidence in the system. • Revoke over 52,000 user IDs suspected of misusing access to students’ private information. • Demonstrates IT’s role in providing quick and convenient access to data. • Illustrates how the very same technology has the potential to threaten privacy and cause more harm than good. 4 Management Information Systems Chapter 4 Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems Understanding Ethical and Social Issues Related to Systems • Past five years: One of the...
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...ethnical problems and possible solutions regarding gathering and presenting “news”, defined in a report of recent events or information. The objective of any media organization is to provide the public with news reports that “seek and report the truth, encourage civic debate to build our communities, and serve the public interest.”i stated in principle by the Canadian Association of Journalists. We will address three ethnical issues brought to our attention related to editorial bias, anonymous sources and attribution, and respect for the right of privacy. Furthermore, we will examine one of three ethical paths presented in today’s journalism. They “defend freedom of expression and freedom of the press”ii The three ethical paths include amoral, which can be defined as not questioning what is right or wrong or inserting moral standard in the reporting. Secondly, immoral involves the violation of journalistic code of conduct or principles. Lastly, moral concerns conforming to the rules, norms and acceptable journalistic codes of conduct, which will be our main focus. In this context, morality includes the ethical responsibilities such as not abusing its press freedom, avoiding unnecessary harm to any subjects, being truthful, keeping promises, and refusing special favors or sensationalism. Moral choices should never be based on the journalist’s self-interest, such as financial gain or common etiquette. Rather, the...
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...Paper lecture 1: Lindblom: What is this market system? A market system exists only when markets proliferate and link with each other in a particular way. A market system is a system of society-wide coordination of human activities not by central command but by mutual interactions in the form of transactions. Three kinds of markets are the most familiar: The labor markets, the agricultural markets, and markets for services and goods that industry provides to customers. Two less obvious kinds of markets are no less necessary for a market system. One is markets for intermediate services and goods produced for other producers. The other is market for capital. In market systems people do not go their own way; they are tied together and turned this way or that through market interactions. In our time it is a governed market system, heavily burdened or ornamented with what old-fashioned free marketers decry as ‘interferences’. Although buying and selling may be natural to human-kind, market systems are not. The market system that lies closest to our span of attention is the capitalist market system. In ostensibly democratic societies, market skeptics sometimes fear that the market system may bring an end to democracy. One of their fears is that big corporations already exercise powers inconsistent with democracy; and that multinational corporations overwhelm small nation-states. Despite the growing consensus in favor of the market system, it is of course possible...
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...negative reaction on the part of customers and partners will inevitably lead to a significant reduction in the profitability of the company, and widely disseminated by the media unsavory reputation will lead to a lack of any credibility. Nobel Prize winner Milton Friedman wrote that "the true role of business! "PICs in its use of energy and resources in activities designed to increase profits, provided that it adheres to the rules of the game ... participate in an open competition, without resorting to fraud and deception." Ethics imposes restrictions on the business system, being the moral rules and practices of a given society. Business Ethics - Business ethics based on honesty, openness, fidelity to one's word, the ability to function effectively in the market s compliance with applicable laws, rules and established traditsiyami.22 Experience confirms the importance of international business to business ethics in shaping the success of the company. So, dishonest behavior of the firm Coca-Cola, cases of bribery of competitors as compensation in lawsuits with them cost the company market share, given away Pepsico, as the latter had evidence information about the unseemly activities of the company Coca-Cola. By the early 80's. in business ethics has developed three main areas: "ethics of philanthropy", "ethics of justice", "ethics of personal autonomy" The first of these directly connects well with the result, to which the good results, and encourages businesses to charity...
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...public (Princeton, n.d.). Today, however, the term shares a much broader meaning and is met with a variety of ethical motivations. When we hear the term, “whistleblower”, we know that someone has raised a concern regarding a possible wrongdoing in either a government agency or a private company, and they want to make others aware. The status of the whistleblower is often debated: as Rothschild and Miethe (1999) note, “some see whistleblowers as traitorous violators of organizational loyalty norms; other see whistleblowers as heroic defenders of values considered more important than company loyalty”. In addition, whistleblowing is a “new form of worker resistance” relevant to the “unending battle between labor and management to control the workplace” (Rothschild, et.al, 1999). But with the right motives in place, whistleblowing is good for an organization or agency because it protects that organization and agency from fraud, misconduct, and in most cases, failure. And, when affective communication is in place, the organization’s goals are kept in clear focus which can only be beneficial as an end result. This paper will focus on what ethical theories and perspectives the whistleblower chooses to use in order to validate their motives when reporting the misconduct. Whistleblowers are often facing a dilemma in terms of acting ethically which is why they are motivated by one of the three ethical theories: utilitarian, deontology and...
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...Counseling Counselors, whether they are working in private practice, in an agency setting, or teaching and supervising; are struggling more and more with issues that are related to their own, trainees, and clients. As professional, we all have has training on legal and ethical issues in counseling. Even though our credentialing organizations might require a certain amount of training in ethics and we meet that requirement; there are still ethical violations. This could be due to two reasons: (1) most writing and courses on ethics does not teach us to think or how to make ethical decisions that are in the best interest of the client. Basically, the training teaches the do’s and don’ts but does not provide the tools to work through complex clinical situations. (2) Generally, the alcohol and substance abuse field does not provide adequate clinical supervision to its counselors. This field tends to gravitate toward what happens behind closed doors; stays unseen and unknown until things blow up. As professional counselors, there are three major issues that we must face when we are considering making a decision on how to act within the counseling setting: (1) what is legal, what is ethical and what is moral. Typically, the legal standard is the minimum acceptable level that will meet the requirement of the law. Secondly, the ethical standard is the opposite—what is the most that can be done for this client? Finally, the moral issue—how you feel about what you are about to...
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...important tools for making judgments, assessing probable outcomes of contemplated actions, and choosing among alternatives. Perhaps more important, they put all members "on the same sheet of music" with regard to what all members as a body consider important. The Army, in 1986, had as the theme for the year "values," and listed four organizational values-loyalty, duty, selfless service, and integrity-and four individual values- commitment, competence, candor, and courage. A Department of the Army pamphlet entitled Values: The Bedrock of Our Profession spent some time talking about the importance of values, and included this definition: Values are what we, as a profession, judge to be right. They are more than words-they are the moral, ethical, and professional attributes of character . . . there are certain core values that must be instilled in members of the U.S. Army-civilian and uniformed soldier alike. These are not the only values that should determine our character, but they are ones that are central to our...
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...ICT INTRODUCTION In today’s model world, technology has become a backbone in each field. It has gained its impact in almost each and every area. With each passing day, new technology is immerged; hence a proper methodology for adopting these technologies should be there, hence there is need for ethics and code ofconduct. “The use of information technology in society is creating a rather unique set of ethical issues that requires the making of new moral choices on the part of society and has spawned special implications for its members.” Technology is neither the only nor necessarily the cause of these issues. These issues initially arise out of the Human Agency. Technology has the capability to augment mental and physical powers of human beings, and hence it stands as a role of co-conspirator. “The hire of power-enhancing capabilities makes technology an inducer of sorts, a necessary but not sufficient underpinning to many of the ethical issues we face today.” [3] WHAT ARE COMPUTER ETHICS AND CODE OF CONDUCT? Computer Ethics refers to the principles that are used for making model decision in regards to the computer technology and computer use. They are nonspecific and wide ranging [1]While Code of Conduct is a summary issued by the board of directors which highlights specific behaviours which are required or forbidden as a condition of on-going employment [2]. Both Ethics and Codes are similar in a way that they try to encourage specific forms of Conduct by Employee....
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...Utilitarianism and cost-benefit analysis are indispensable tools, in the situations where people have to make decisions. In a free society, individuals, or voluntary associations of individuals (whether corporations, nonprofits, households, or informal gatherings) often need to make decisions. Looking at the costs and benefits of individual decisions is important. The important thing to note here is, though, that different decision-makers may assign different costs and benefits to the same things, and thus come up with different courses of action. This is because different people have different preferences, different bases of experience, and different goals. Thus, there is no one-size-fits-all cost-benefit analysis, but the tools and principles of cost-benefit an analysis are useful to all. Some people are uncomfortable with the idea of applying cost-benefit analyses to things that are not usually measured in tangible monetary terms. There are two kinds of objections. One is the objection to any “apples to oranges” comparison. Second is the fact that some things get debased when valued in monetary or utilitarian terms. Both of these are valid criticisms, but in situations where we do need to make decisions, we really have no choice but to weigh different forms of cost and benefit against each other. This is not to say that there is a single monetary value that we can assign to intangibles, or there is a definite ratio of the worth of one intangible to that of another. Different...
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