...Unit 1 – Ethics, Morality and Legalities Abstract This paper will attempt to dissect the fine line between lobbying and bribery and give some direction as to where one ends and the other begins with relationship to ethics, morality and legalities. Unit 1 - Ethics, Morality and Legalities 1. What is the difference between lobbying and bribery? Meriam-Websters online dictionary. (2011). Defines bribe(ry) as money or favor given to influence the judgment or conduct of a person in a position of trust. Meriam-Websters online dictionary. (2011). Defines lobbying as conducting activities aimed at influencing public officials and especially members of a legislative body on legislation. Based upon the previous definitions of bribery and lobbying it is hard to tell the difference between the two. However, upon closer inspection bribery clearly defines what cannot be done and lobbying is simply conducting activities to influence public official or legislative bodies. Jrank.org. (2011) states that lobbying is considered so essential to the proper functioning of the U.S Government that is specifically protected by the First Amendment of the U.S Constitution. 2. What argument cold the SLOC members make that the payments made do not fit the definition of an illegal bribe (under the FCPA)? SLOC members could argue that the payments made to IOC members were not to influence them to secure their business interests. According to justice.gov. (nd) was...
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...Why did Prohibition last so long? 30 Marks Prohibition of Alcohol in America was introduced in 1920 with the 18th amendment of the constitution and was finally revoked in 1933. Prohibition was always considered a failure, due to the way it was policed, the fact the American people at the time liked to drink and the fact that alcohol was very easily accessible. Therefore the fact it lasted thirteen years, despite it being obvious within the first five that things were not working, seems incomprehensible. There are a number of factors which worked together to make prohibition last as long as it did. The most important being morale reasons behind introducing it at first, but the popularity of prohibition, the time it to repeal a law and the fact it didn’t really affect people’s lives too much also had an effect. Firstly, a reason why prohibition lasted so long was due to morale reasons. Reasons that were used to get the law passed in the first place still stood and people sympathised with them. For example many women’s groups saw alcohol as a means by which men oppressed them, and also though that the money spent on drink could be better used amongst the family with raising children and other general necessities. This attitude didn’t stop during the prohibition years as people were still drinking and hence propaganda regarding prohibition still bore the pictures of families with mothers and children longing for their husbands/fathers to support prohibition. Also drinking alcohol...
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...Unit 1 - Ethics, Morality and Legalities: Questions and Answers By Mark Cain AIU Online June 6, 2010 Unit 1 - Ethics, Morality and Legalities: Questions and Answers 1. What is the difference between lobbying and bribery? To understand the difference of lobbying and bribery, I need to know what they are first. Bribery is giving money or something of value to influence the conduct of someone in a position of trust, usually a public official (Rodriguez, n.d.). Lobbying is the act of attempting to influence the mindset of public officials, politicians, or legislators to serve a particular cause (Rodriguez, n.d.). In definition, they sound like the same thing. Lobbying is most often used to influence the laws that are made. Lobbyists usually approach legislators with some convincing argument that supports why they think a law should be changed. This is perfectly legal. However when money or special favors is involved, lobbying becomes bribery. Lobbying sounds ok, but is it? “Bribery gets all the bad press, but lobbying is the real danger, because it affects everybody--whether they want it to or not (Maiello, 2009).” 2. What argument could the SLOC members make that the payments made do not fit the definition of an illegal bribe (under the FCPA)? An illegal bribe is money or special favors granted to someone in a position of trust to make a decision in favor of the one offering it. This is murky water here. Are there arguments that support the claim that the...
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...Coursework Header Sheet219292-379 | | Course | BUSI1314: Business Ethics | Course School/Level | B/UG | Coursework | Portfolio | Assessment Weight | 40.00% | Tutor | Mr. Rajaram Segaram | Submission Deadline | 24/11/2014 | Coursework is receipted on the understanding that it is the student's own work and that it has not, in whole or part, been presented elsewhere for assessment. Where material has been used from other sources it has been properly acknowledged in accordance with the University's Regulations regarding Cheating and Plagiarism. | 000818633 Tutor's comments | Grade Awarded___________ | For Office Use Only__________ | Final Grade_________ | Moderation required: yes/no | Tutor______________________ | Date _______________ | TABLE OF CONTENTS NO | TOPIC | PAGE | 1 | FRONT PAGE | 1 | 2 | TABLE OF CONTENTS | 2 | 3 | ARTICLE 1 | 3-5 | 4 | ARTICLE 2 | 6-9 | 5 | REFERENCES | 10 | ARTICLES 1 Two teachers charged under OSA over UPSR leaks SEREMBAN: The Sessions Court here had to be adjourned for more than three hours after the prosecution decided to amend the charge against two Tamil school teachers allegedly involved in the recent leak of several UPSR papers. The prosecution team led by Wan Shaharudin Wan Ladin had initially planned to charge L. Subbarau@Kamalanathan, 34, and Murugan Palanisamy, 26, under the Malaysian Examinations...
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...industry. Systemic issues in business ethics are ethical questions raised about the economic, political, legal, and other institutions within which business operate. (M. Velasques) Corporate issues in business ethics are ethical are ethical questions raised about a particular organization. These include questions about the morality of the activities, policies, practices, or organizational structure of an individual company taken as a whole. (M. Velasques) Individual issues in business ethics are ethical questions raised about a particular individual or particular individuals within a company and their behaviors and discussions. These include questions about the morality of the decisions, actions, or character of an individual. (M. Velasques) The farmers who are kidnapping or buying children on a “black market” type situation are displaying their individual ethical issues. They have no concern for the boy’s welfare, their only concern is to make a profit off the cocoa beans they farm. The systemic ethical issues raised in this case study are the public officials in the neighboring communities of the cocoa farmers who allow the sale of children and who take bribes from the farmers enslaving these children. The corporate ethics issue present in the case is with the large manufactures in the chocolate industry fighting the certification process of the cocoa farmers to ensure child slavery is not taking place. The manufactures main concern is their ability to purchase cheap cocoa...
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...such as gravity and, says the divine law is simply mortality. Positivism disagrees with nature law theory with morality’s role in our lives. A positivist believes laws already have morality embedded in them when legislators make them (Hart). Thus, all laws are moral for legislators made them. However, some laws do not have morality embedded in them. Austin calls the law “positive law”; these laws are part of our daily lives. These are the laws we follow every day. Austin also states laws are commands and if one was to not follow that command a political superior would place a sanction on them. According to a Austin, if someone broke a law and a superior placed no sanction a positivist would declare that the law not a law. In the case of morality, if the law is moral or not if people follow that law it is still a law. People follow the law because a judge enacts a sanction if the person does not follow the law. Sanctions lead people to follow laws if they are moral or not. Today, we can discern the Fugitive Slave Law as clearly immoral. Beside it not being moral, jurors in Boston were refusing to find people guilty of acting against the Fugitive Slave Law. To decide if the Fugitive Slave Law was, in fact, a law a...
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...USED: _APA_ Thesis: The English morality play “Everyman” uses allegorical characters to represent what Everyman holds onto and values during his life. Everyman has neglected his spiritual life, but as the play develops Everyman repents of his sins on time. Summoned by Death, Everyman realizes that he is not ready and does not want to die alone. Thereafter, Everyman seeks to find a companion to go with him on the journey to give account of his life to God but to no avail, Everyman soon realizes that all of those who accompanied him on earth soon abandon him. Outline: i. Introduction ii. Summary of Allegorical Characters iii. Author’s Perception of Death iv. Conclusion i. Introduction “Everyman” is an English morality play and the author is unknown. This play first appeared in England in the 16th century. It is known to be early medieval play connected with church drama. The morality play “Everyman” is about a man who is content with his life when Death summons and tells him about his end. The author used symbolic names for characters to emphasize the moral of the play. “The characters in an allegory often have no individual personality, but are embodiments of moral qualities and other abstractions” (Allegory, 2010) ii. Summary of Allegorical Characters The anonymous author of the play “Everyman” has grippingly named the main character Everyman to symbolize a typical human being. “The characters in the morality play were personifications of good and...
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...Doing Business in Emerging markets Homework 2: Starnes-Brenner Machine Tool Company- to bribe or not to bribe Silvia Mattei 1. Introduction to the main issue Corruption, bribery and other unethical behaviours are still one of the major concerns in International Business, influencing not only the companies’ performance in local markets, but also mining competition and the welfare of the countries in which this practices are considered part of the culture as such. In particular for very large international companies, with subsidiaries spread all over the world, to keep track of unethical practices may be difficult, as to maintain the integrity of the corporate culture in all the people involved in the organization, from the employees, sales managers and top management. Every country has a different culture, and every culture has its own level of tolerance against corruption. Since bad practices like bribery are well ingrained both in the countries’ culture, as well in the companies’ culture, it is evident that changes do not happen over-night, and to draft an anti-bribery policy and post it in the office blackboard is not enough. The aim of this paper is to analyze several perspectives on the topic, taking the reader into the discussion by giving him/her pro and cons by analyzing a specific company and his cultural and managerial issues when facing a period of internationalization and internal changes. 1.2 Company profile Starnes-Brenner Machine tool...
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...Blood Bananas: Chiquita in Columbia Blood Bananas: Chiquita In Columbia is a difficult case that touches on fundamental questions of ethics and morality while operating a business abroad. It is a case that depicts the challenges faced by a company trying to maintain production and protect its employees while navigating between two very different cultures in a hostile situation. the lines of the ethics and morality are not as straight forward as they seem on the surface, and Chiquita’s management struggles to make decisions that will transcend both cultures’ view of right versus wrong. was one of the largest and growing fruit company in America who faced a dramatic problem in the 90’s with the AUC, a Colombian paramilitary organization that promoted violence act and considered to be terrorist, what happened was they inquired the fruit company to pay them specific amount of money monthly that was required for their security services as they claimed! The situation was straightforward, either Chiquita pays for the terrorist Chiquita Brands International and its leaders learned a very hard lesson about paying off terrorist groups to protect their employees. Over the past 25 years, no place has been more perilous for companies than Colombia, a country that is finally beginning to emerge from the effects of civil war and narco-terrorism. In 2004, Chiquita voluntarily revealed to the U.S. Justice Department that one of its Colombian banana subsidiaries had made protection payments...
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...Introduction: Corruption means committing crime and mischief to the country. It causes great harm to the countrymen. None escape from the harm of corruption. It is a social malady. It spreads its greedy clutches all over the country; each and every government sector of the country is affected by corruption. Government officials, clerks, secretaries and even ordinary peons, security officers and others are engaged in corruption. They take bribe from common people for giving any service. Our country, Bangladesh, has topped the list of corrupt countries five times. There is none to raise voice against the galloping corruption! Even the organizations that collects data about corruption – are themselves corrupted in a very secret way! However there are many reasons behind this corruption. The greed for power, pelf, wealth and money is the root cause of corruption. Avarice, dishonesty, nepotism and favoritism are also responsible for corruption. Corruption Statement of Problem: This paper analysis’s the corruption in Bangladesh. I will discuss the current situation of corruption and its effect. We know that corruption is the main obstruction for development in Bangladesh. This topic is very much related to our social life for that reasons I will try to fulfill the purpose of this research. Objectives of Research: It is very important to identify the objectives of any research .I will describe all the objectives of this research on corruption in Bangladesh. The objectives...
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... 2010 Ethics, also known as moral philosophy, addresses the questions about morality or what is right and wrong. Ethical dilemmas and issues in the business world and politics are a synthesis of nationality, gender, and religious beliefs. How does the United States compare to other countries? Why we take ethics more seriously than other countries? What to do to reduce ethics risk? Through this synthesis, the United States has become a business entity very different from other countries and our news of ethics and common ethical practices are often very different from other nations. It is beneficial to consider the times and conditions in which we can become our own worst enemy. In this millennium, powerful business people in the United States have caused many people to feel upset over the blatant ethical and misconduct that most business people use to get ahead in their business. Gayle Porter stated that, “Generally speaking, a work ethic is the manifestation of personally held values (p.536).” Each culture has its own unique history and set of conditions that influence the meaning given to work in people’s lives. “There was no means of support for an idle leisure class. Because everyone worked, everyone expected to share in the outcomes of that work and the decisions governing their lives (Gayle Porter, Work Ethical and Ethical Work p. 536). ” The idea of a company excepting bribes or money for certain services or products is considered unethical in the United...
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...2012, the New York Times revealed three details in the investigation of the Walmart bribery case. First, officials at Walmart de Mexico made cash payments of 24 million dollars to officials to alter city zoning to expedite building permits. Second, going back to 2005, Walmart learned of the bribery accusations and sent an investigator who reported that laws were being broken. Third, despite investigator recommendations to probe further, Walmart’s CEO stated the investigations were too aggressive and transferred the investigation back to Walmart’s general counsel in Mexico who authorized the bribes (Gusin, 2012). The Utilitarian Model of Business Ethics, Bribes, and Walmart The Utilitarian model states that decisions are based on outcomes that are “consistent with goals such as efficiency, productivity, and high profits” (Robins & Judge, 2015). To expedite profits, Walmart offered bribes to avoid the bureaucratic red tape that slows Mexican business and to conform to the Mexican way of doing business (Markowitz, 2012). In this situation, Walmart’s actions supported the Utilitarian model of maximizing financial benefits to stakeholders...
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...NAME March 8, 2012 English 102 “Everyman” Research Paper Thesis Statement: “Everyman” is an English morality play that uses allegorical characters to depict what Everyman values throughout his life. Everyman has not been living a virtuous life focused on God and his kingdom but instead places a high value on “worldly riches” and goods. As the play progresses Everyman is summoned by Death and realizes he is not ready to die and doesn’t want to do it alone. He repents of his sins and looks for someone to accompany him on his journey to give an account of his life to God. He quickly realizes that the things he held dear to his heart during his earthly walk will fade and abandon him; he must die alone and his Good Deeds are all he can take with him into heaven. Outline: I. Introduction II. Summary of the Characters III. Authors Perception of Death IV. Conclusion “Everyman” is an English morality play whose author is unknown. It dates back to the 16th century and was first seen in England. The play depicts a man who is caught up in a secular world and is more concerned with worldly riches than nurturing his spiritual life. He seems content until Death is sent to tell him his life is over and he must now give an account to God of how he lived his life. The author uses allegory characters to describe moral qualities and abstractions in Everyman’s life. (Allegory, 2010) The central character in the play is Everyman; the author uses him to represent...
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...Systemic issues in business ethics are ethical questions raised about the economic, political, legal, and other institutions within which business operate. (M. Velasques) Corporate issues in business ethics are ethical are ethical questions raised about a particular organization. These include questions about the morality of the activities, policies, practices, or organizational structure of an individual company taken as a whole. (M. Velasques) Individual issues in business ethics are ethical questions raised about a particular individual or particular individuals within a company and their behaviors and discussions. These include questions about the morality of the decisions, actions, or character of an individual. (M. Velasques) The farmers who are kidnapping or buying children on a “black market” type situation are displaying their individual ethical issues. They have no concern for the boy’s welfare, their only concern is to make a profit off the cocoa beans they farm. The systemic ethical issues raised in this case study are the public officials in the neighboring communities of the cocoa farmers who allow the sale of children and who take bribes from the farmers enslaving these children. The corporate ethics issue present in the case is with the large manufactures in the chocolate industry fighting the certification process of the cocoa farmers to ensure child slavery is not taking place. The manufactures main concern is their ability to purchase cheap...
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...Business ethics relating to Corruption Chapter 1 Introduction: What Corruption is and Why it Matters? People everywhere are more concerned than they ever have been about corruption and business ethics. This represents social changes that are occurring everywhere, though to different degrees. Partly this may be due to the pioneering efforts of the organization transparency International, which has not only spearheaded the fight against corruption, but has made it possible to gauge and compare corruption across countries. Partly, it may be due to the plethora of scandals and company collapses that was experienced at the end of the 1990s and in the early 2000s. it may also be due to changes in the demographics of investors. Today the worker is also the capitalist, and the largest investors, institutional investors, are protecting the common person’s pension savings, insurance funds, etc. it may also be due to globalization. Globalization has expanded communication and the flow of information among ever widening circles of people, some of whose interests conflict with those of the private sector, and those adversely affected have organized themselves in a variety of ways to express their discontent. Globalization has forced like-minded western capitalists to interact with their counterparts in lower-income countries, where interpretations of trust, reciprocity, honesty, and social engagement may differ. Finally, Globalization has created visible, open...
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