...person’s health, ethnicity, religious beliefs, density, level of education, and economic status (Cambridge Dictionaries Online, 2011). Demographics can also include a person’s age, gender, disabilities, status of employment, and location (Cambridge Dictionaries Online, 2011). These are all the types of human characteristics that are acknowledged and used by marketing, research, and the government in demographic data. Over the years the demographics have started to change dramatically. One of the more challenging demographics that have been dramatically changing is the aging population particularly in the southwest section of Charlotte County. I will be discussing many topics regarding this group, like the impact that this demographic group has on the health care market, specific challenges, what type of needs and services the aging population requires, and a few other topics will be reviewed. The Aging Population The aging population is increasingly growing in the United States each year. This is because there has been a decrease in fertility. A person’s life span has also changed; a person is expected to live approximately 20 more years than before the second half of the 20th century. This was mostly caused by the days of the “Baby Boom”. This has caused an increase of people aged 65 and older during the years of 2010-2030 (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2003). By the year 2050 the life expectancy should increase by another 10 years. The demand for health care and...
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...Sky | Women’s Clinical Assignment | | Bridgette Bynum | 8/7/2014 | Drexel University | Half The Sky: Women’s Clinical Assignment Half the Sky changed my perspective of women’s and maternal health. Prior to reading the assigned chapters for this book, I was aware that maternal health was not truly respected throughout the world. I was vaguely aware of the lack of maternal resources in developing countries and how this may contribute to a higher mortality rate than that of their more developed counterparts. Although I was somewhat aware of this fact the numbers and statistics on maternal morbidity and maternal mortality were still quite alarming. The fact that no major progress has been made was very disturbing. Since we are in the 21st century I assumed that in general progressive strides in healthcare were a universal right and not a privilege. However after reading the assignment I realized I was mistaken. Prior to reading the chapters, I knew of the social and cultural barriers of undeveloped countries but these few chapters undeniably highlighted those issues. Through my readings I was forced to acknowledge and consider the fact that it isn’t economically advantageous to invest in the progression or development of maternal health. When compared to the cost of vaccines the cost of saving a single mother’s life seems enormous. With this being said, I can see why it is not seen as a cost effective measure of healthcare, however when compared with...
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...Epidemiology: Global and Public Health Jennifer Nurse NUR408 January 2011 Nancy Nurse, EdD, RN, PHN, LSN Epidemiology: Global and Public Health According to the Centers for Disease Control, “diabetes affects 25.8 million people, 8.3% of the U.S. population” (Center for Disease control and Prevention, 2012, par 1). Twice as many African Americans are likely to develop diabetes than Caucasian Americans. These statistics represent how serious diabetes has become for the black community. Epidemiology can focus healthcare efforts and interventions to help lower the incidence of diabetes of the African Americans. This paper will focus on the role of epidemiology in the observation of the frequency of diabetes in the morbidity and mortality of American of African decent. This paper will also include the definition and description of epidemiology, epidemiological methods, the epidemiological triangle, types of epidemiology, and prevention that is related with diabetes in the African American community. Definition and Description of Epidemiology Epidemiology is defined as, “the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to control of health problems.” (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012, p. 243). Epidemiology has provided an understanding of the factors...
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...Research Health Benefits from Large-Scale Ozone Reduction in the United States Jesse D. Berman,1 Neal Fann,2 John W. Hollingsworth,3 Kent E. Pinkerton,3 William N. Rom,3 Anthony M. Szema,3 Patrick N. Breysse,1 Ronald H. White,4 and Frank C. Curriero1,5 1Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; Health Policy Committee of the American Thoracic Society, Washington, DC, USA; 4RH White Consultants LLC, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA; 5Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 2Office 3Environmental B ackground : Exposure to ozone has been associated with adverse health effects, including premature mortality and cardiopulmonary and respiratory morbidity. In 2008, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) lowered the primary (health-based) National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for ozone to 75 ppb, expressed as the fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hr average over a 24-hr period. Based on recent monitoring data, U.S. ozone levels still exceed this standard in numerous locations, resulting in avoidable adverse health consequences. Objectives: We sought to quantify the potential human health benefits from achieving the current primary NAAQS standard of 75 ppb and two alternative standard levels, 70...
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...Health disparities are avertible divergences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to resolve optimal health that are experienced by socially disadvantaged populations (CDC.gov). African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, and Asian Pacific Islander, together with immigrants, the poor, and mentally retarded, have encountered inordinate burdens in health and health care mirrored by high morbidity and fatality rates. Origins of these health disparities include poverty (inadequate financial resources), poor education, health behaviors of the minority group and environmental factors. The most frequently disclosed are seen in cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. There has consistently been existing resolutions....
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...Health Insurance Needs, Awareness and Assessment in the Bahraich District, Uttar Pradesh JANUARY 2008 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Constella Futures, New Delhi ITAP is a three-year project funded by United States Agency for International Development under Contract No. GPO-1-01-0400015-00 beginning April 1, 2005_ The project is being implemented by Constella Futures in partnership with Bearing Point, Sibley International, Johns Hopkins University, QED, Urban Institute and Association of Reproductive Health Professionals (ARHP). For further information contact: Constella Futures 1 D-11, Parkwood Estates Rao Tula RamMarg New Delhi 1100 022 Health Insurance Needs, Awareness and Assessment in the Bahraich District, Uttar Pradesh JANUARY 2008 The authors' views expreseed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government Contents List of Tables List of Figures List of Abbreviations Executive Summary Chapter 1: Background and Methodology .......................................................... 1.1 Introduction... 1.2 Objectives of the Study ................................. 1.3 Study Design and Methodology ....................................................................... 1.3.1 Sampling and Sample 1.3.2 Study techniques ..............................................
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...1.1 INTRODUCTION In this chapter, the background to the study, problem statement, rationale of the study, The conceptual framework, the objective of the study and the profile of the study area are reviewed. 1.2 BACKGROUND This research will be conducted in Asankrankwa, a town in the WassaAmenfi West District.The Wassa West District as one of the Districts in the Western Region of Ghana is located between Latitude 400’N and 500 40’N and Longitudes 10 45’ W and 20 10’W(http://wassaamenfiwest.ghanadistricts.gov.gh ). It Bounded to the north of the district is the WassaAmenfi District, the south by the Ahanta West District, the West by the Nzema East District and the East by MpohorWassa East District. The District has a total land area of 2354 sq. km(http://wassaamenfiwest.ghanadistricts.gov.gh). There are three main vegetational zones: semi deciduous forest, the south-west rainforest and the transitional forest, all of which are suitable for the cultivation of both food and cash crops. The forests of the district are part of the only surviving high forests of Ghana. The current population of the WasaAmenfi West District is projected at 186,257 at a growth rate of 3.2% per annum which is the region’s growth rate. According to the 2000 population and Housing census, the district’s population was 156,256(http://wassaamenfiwest.ghanadistricts.gov.gh). This was projected at 3.2% within a period of six (6) years which yielded the projected figure in 2006. The district has a population...
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...HEALTHCARE TRENDS This week’s assignment centers around a report released by the centers for disease control (CDC) back in 2011. Within the report we are asked to focus on two specific topics; mortality and morbidity. In addition to reviewing the data, there were some accompanying questions that will be addressed. Before delving further into the topics, lets first start with a good working definition of both. According to Webster’s Online Dictionary, mortality is defined as the quality or state of being a person or thing that is alive and therefore certain to die (Webster’s 2014). For morbidity, Webster’s summarizes it as quality or state of being morbid; the relative incidence of disease (Webster’s 2014). Now that good working definitions have been established, the relating questions can be addressed. The first discussion point asks to identify changes that seem to be occurring based on the mortality and morbidity data. In his article titled MORTALITY TRENDS, Preston shares “When death rates decline, they do so at all ages. Hence, the likelihood that an individual of any age will survive to subsequent stages of life will increase, and the largest effects will tend to occur among the very young. Individuals typically undergo a series of related cycles as they age - physical, educational, occupational, recreational and familial. The chance that an individual will complete any particular cycle obviously depends on prevailing risks of death. Moreover, the choice of stage at...
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...Uninsured and Underinsured children in America are one many vulnerable groups that impact the financial aspect of health care. This paper will discuss the financial impact and delivery of the United States health care system. It will also discuss the different types of funding that are available to uninsured and underinsured children. Last, the paper will discuss issues and challenges of this vulnerable group along with some solutions that government has come up with. Uninsured/Underinsured Children in the United States Health care is financed by different means. There are public and private financing. Public financing options are through the government and states and consist of Medicare, Medicaid, and Children Health Insurance program. Private financing options consist of group insurance, self-insurance, and Managed Care Plans. Uninsured and underinsured children can get the help they need from many public financing groups whereas the private options tend to turn them down. Financial Impact Uninsured and underinsured children have a major financial impact on the economy. “The health costs of the uninsured have become an economic burden of the business community through property taxes, higher health insurance premiums, and lost productivity of workers with sick family members” (Edelman, 2009, para. 5). In other words someone has to pay for the health care of the uninsured and underinsured children in the United States. When parents are off work with their sick...
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...Sound of One Hand Clapping Introduction Greeting my fellow classmates, happy holiday, after this week reading I began to appreciate public health the more, I am so happy to be here. Anyway, concerning this week discussion, I will start by saying that the unwillingness of the health sector to transfer the outcomes of medical research about the pathogenesis of diseases into public health policy has not augured well for our communities. The aetiology of diseases, health, and wellness is not only biologically or physiologically determined, but they are also socially and economically determined. Therefore, the transition of medical research from the Laboratory to therapy, and back to the laboratory is an unproductive cycle, which is like the shout of a dumb or the sound of one hand clapping (Jiang, Zhang, Wang & Shen, 2013), that does not produce results. According to my previous discussion forum post, there is a disconnection between the health sector and policymakers, today I want to continue on the same note. This paper will first build upon my original...
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...Global Health Implementing effective global health programs is a difficult task as there are complex issues involved. These issues arise from the distinctive barriers that exist in poor communities as well as from the fundamental complexity of the health care field. Despite efforts made to improve the global health, there are some barriers faced majorly in developing countries which can be grouped into two broad categories: infrastructural barriers and patients behavior. According to Dr. Manchanda’s book titled “the upstream doctors”, effective care for most illness requires understanding the social conditions of one’s patients, and this is true because patients are faced with various limitations that deter them from accessing good medical services. Fear, finance, cultural belief, distance to Health Centre or Hospitals, lack of awareness about treatment availability and benefits, and poor health outcome after treatment, are some of the major contributory factors that deter patients from accessing good medical services, thus, causing a decline in health status globally. Poverty is also a contributory factor especially in developing countries. This can be explained in patient’s inability to purchase drugs or hesitancy to seek proper medical attention due to lack of funds. These barriers can be tackled using the holistic response that includes both social and cultural approach. The means to achieve success is to involve local health care professionals, experienced health workers...
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...Applying the Results and Conclusion of the Research Process to Problems in Health Care Applying the Results and Conclusion of the Research Process to Problems in Health Care Results In the September 24th 2010 issue of Morbidity and Mortality Weekly the article,” Racial Differences by Gestational Age in Neonatal Deaths Attributable to Congenital Heart Defects” was published(Chen, 2010). The purpose of the study was to determine the racial differences in mortality and morbidity rates in infants born with congenital heart defects. This study used a quantitative methodology. The investigators collected data from death and birth records from the United States. The records were public documents and are available to anyone seeking the information. The investigators then compared the data collected from birth and death records to hospital records to determine any racial differences (Chen, 2010). This study is based on the death rates of infants of different races who are affected by congenital heart defects. The process the investigators collected the data was appropriate for this study and added to the information attained at participating hospitals. The subjects in the study were protected by not disclosing any names. Most of the information collected by the investigators are public documents. However, the information obtained from hospitals is privileged information (Chen, 2010). The data collection tool was used to back up the information obtained at hospitals, families...
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...Health Care Management Healthcare is a very large, complex, and inefficient industry. This field is one field that will always require attention and there will always be a need for improvement because it will be in dynamic state always. This is due to the human health, coverage and technology. These are all things that we cannot control or are working hard to get under better control. Furthermore, health care touches everyone. There are families who worry about their children and aging relatives; employers who must provide health insurance to their employees and the employees who need the benefits. In addition, there are the government officials and politicians who are concerned about the rising cost of health care; and, of course, the hospitals and doctors who are responsible for delivering health care. Having adequate health care is extremely important to people. Even successful medical treatment can involve pain, anxiety, risk, and, inevitably, lots of money. The last thing a patient in a hospital wants to think about is "how am I going to pay for all of this?" Ideally, instead of worrying about money, a patient should be concentrating on getting well. So the main question is how to measure the cost of the health? Of course human life is the dearest. But financial sides must also be taken into account. Healthcare system must provide health for all legal law abiding country citizens, regardless of their income, financial ability, and past health history. Everyone deserves to...
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...injuries, disabilities, disorders, syndromes, infections, isolated symptoms, deviant behaviors, and atypical variations of structure and function, while in other contexts and for other purposes these may be considered distinguishable categories. Diseases usually affect people not only physically, but also emotionally, as contracting and living with many diseases can alter one's perspective on life, and their personality. Death due to disease is called death by natural causes. There are four main types of disease: pathogenic disease, deficiency disease, hereditary disease, and physiological disease. Diseases can also be classified as communicable and non-communicable disease. Terminology In many cases, the terms disease, disorder, morbidity and illness are used interchangeably.[2] In some situations, specific terms are considered preferable. [edit]Disease The term disease broadly refers to any condition that impairs normal function. Commonly, this term is used to refer specifically to infectious diseases, which are clinically evident diseases that result from the presence of pathogenic microbial agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multicellular organisms, and aberrant proteins known as prions. An infection that does not and will not produce clinically evident impairment of...
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...Disease prevention is a central pillar of public health practice. Classically, disease prevention is a biomedical approach aimed at addressing the burden of ill health. Within the biomedical framework disease prevention has three phases: primary, secondary and tertiary. Prevention may be accomplished in the pre-disease state by measures designed to promote general optimum health or by the specific protection of human beings against disease agents or the establishment of barriers against agents in the environment. These procedures have been termed primary prevention. As soon as the disease is detectable, early in pathogenesis, secondary prevention may be accomplished by early diagnosis and prompt and adequate treatment. When the process of patho-genesis has progressed and the disease has advanced beyond its early stages, secondary prevention may also be accomplished by means of adequate treatment to prevent and limit disability. Later, when defect and disability have been fixed, tertiary prevention may be accomplished by rehabilitation (Leavell and Clarke, 1965: 20). KEY POINTS • Influence of the biomedical model on disease prevention. • Primary, secondary and tertiary approaches to disease prevention. • Application of the epidemiological triangle in the management of disease processes and prevention. • Role of health promotion, education and individual health behaviours. • Influence of policy drivers on disease prevention strategies. DISCUSSION ...
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