...) Commonwealth vs. Hunt-In 1842 in Massachusetts a court decision for industrial workers was won in which the supreme court of the state declared that unions were lawful organizations and that a strike was a lawful weapon. 2) "cult of domesticity"-brought both benefits and costs to middle-class women. It allowed them to live lives of greater material comfort than in the past, it placed higher value on their “female virtues” and on their roles as wife and mother. 3) Cyrus McCormick-invented the automatic reaper. The reaper enabled one worker to harvest as much wheat in a day as five could harvest using older methods. He patented this device in 1834, established a factory in Chicago in the heartland of the greenbelt in 1847. By 1860 more than 1000,000 reapers were in use on western farms. 4) Erie Canal-was the greatest construction project the United States had ever undertaken. It was a ditch forty feet wide and four feet deep with tow paths along the banks. It had difficult cuts and fills which were required to enable the canal to pass through hills and over valleys, stone aqueducts were necessary to carry it across streams and eighty-eight locks of heavy masonry with great wooden gates were needed to permit ascents and descents. It became an immediate financial success. 5) Factory System—most of the manufacturing occurred in households with people making things by hand or simple machines, technology improved. Entrepreneurs begin to make use of new and larger...
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...In the historic Morse v. Frederick case, Deborah Morse, principal of Juneau-Douglas High School brought suit against Joseph Frederick, an 18-year-old high school senior for violating Frederick’s First Amendment rights of freedom of speech. Frederick displayed a banner on a public sidewalk across from his high school that read “Bong Hits 4 Jesus.” The banner was viewed by the school’s student body when watching the Winter Olympics Torch Relay that was taking place throughout the city. Morse allowed the students to go outside and participate in the event, viewing the torch from both sides of the street. It was supervised by teachers and administrators and treated as a school field trip. Along with several students, Frederick held up his banner as the torch bearers approached so that he might get on national...
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...By reducing the time and cost for long distance communication, the invention of the Morse Code and Telegraph made an easier way for the appearance of large and efficient markets. The invention also provided an important method by which large firms could efficiently coordinate a variety of activities previously coordinated by markets. Before the invention of the Morse Code and Telegraph, communication was only to be through people. Although this method took lots of time, due to the travel distances, it was not very effective. The allotted time it took one to deliver a message prohibited the free exchange of information that the markets nationwide needed. After the invention, it took no time for one’s messages to get across, even if it was with...
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...1746 about two hundred monks each held a twenty five foot wire and connected them. This connection of wires became a catalyst to what we now know as the internet. Inspired by the monk experiment which proved the power of electricity, many scientists there after tried their luck at creating an electric signaling system, and some succeeded at producing different designs of the telegraph. Through these different modifications of the telegraph we now have one of the most important innovations of this time the internet, whose roots can be argued to originate from the telegraph. Through the Victorian Internet one learns that one small idea can expand into a larger idea or a web of ideas. When one finally produces their idea they may be surprised to find that their original plans for the use of the product may change when it is put on the market. People can come up with the brightest ideas sometimes without trying, and a lot of times inventions are made as solutions to common problems. There are also innovations, which are not original inventions, but one person takes another’s invention and makes changes to it with the hopes of making it better. The experiment with the monks in Paris of 1746 proved that electricity could travel long distances in a short period of time. After these findings it became evident that a device that used electricity to send signals would be more efficient than their present system of transmitting signals. This was indeed the first step in creating the telegraph...
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...Major Milestones of the Telecommunications Industry 1837 Samuel Morse invents the telegraph - The information age began with the telegraph, which was invented by Samuel F.B. Morse in 1837. This was the first instrument to transform information into electrical form and transmit it reliably over long distances. The earliest form of electrical communication, the original Morse telegraph of 1837 did not use a key and sounder. Instead it was a device designed to print patterns at a distance. 1858 Transoceanic telegraph cable is laid – The transoceanic telegraph cable is an undersea cable running under the Atlantic Ocean used for telegraph communications. The first communications occurred August 16, 1858, reducing the communication time between North America and Europe from ten days, the time it took to deliver a message by ship, to a matter of minutes. 1876 Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone - The telegraph was followed by Alexander Graham Bell's invention of the telephone in 1876. The magneto-telephone was one of the first telephones on which both transmission and reception were done with the same instrument. 1885 - Incorporation of the American Telephone and Telegraph company (AT&T). After its incorporation in 1885, the American Telephone and Telegraph company dominated the telecommunications market. 1888 - Heinrich Hertz discovers the electromagnetic wave 1895 - Marconi begins experimenting with wireless telegraph 1901 Guglielmo Marconi invented the radio—the...
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...Digital Media Matthew McCormick Course # Com/225 May 20, 2013 Maurice Nelson Digital Media Technology has molded the electronic and digital industry into what it is today. Society is dependent and addicted to technology and the potential to make life easier through it. Research for school projects is no longer spent with hours in the library, reading and taking notes, or combing through dictionaries and encyclopedias. Students now have the internet, where with one click they have access to a whole world of information, and they can do it anywhere in the world. Road trips are traveled by GPS not through hours of route planning in a map. Television is sought at more now than ever by kids in place of playing outside. Photography has made major improvements when discussing technology. In 1826, Joseph Niepce, a French inventor, discovered the first way to capture images. Using a pewter plate and some light sensitive materials, he was able to capture the first picture. It took 8 hours of sun light exposure to capture the first picture, the courtyard of his home (Karwatka, 2007). Today, you can take a high quality digital picture instantly, virtually anywhere, with almost any electronic device. Recording sound has also had to evolve with technology. Thomas Edison invented the first recording device in 1877. He named his device the phonograph, meaning sound writer (Lerner, 2008). He used a cylinder wrapped in tinfoil that rotated as someone shouted into a funnel...
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...The Victorian Internet. Tom Standage. (London: Walker Publishing Company, 1998) In The Victorian Internet, the author Tom Standage notes that in Europe, people were hearing that there was something out of the ordinary that could send messages. At that time there were no truth to the whispering going on in Europe. Claude and Rene Chappe, two brothers, invented the first telegraph. Their telegraph travelled across ten miles in four minutes. It changes the people communication. Standage took different directions such as economic, social, and technological issues about the telegraph. Before the telegraph was invented, messages were sent by horse, ships, and trains. The telegraph and the internet, what we use today, has similarities but downfalls as well. The internet today allows us to send emails, meet people, and either be nosey or messy in chatrooms. The biggest downfall of the internet are scams, identity theft, and hacking. Big businesses or corporations rarely, but it happens, have hackers. The highest level of security rather it’s a business or your own person computer is never safe. The majority of the telegraph workers were women, and that goes to show you that in today’s society, women are running corporations and owning their own businesses. Britain female telegraphers were daughters of tradesmen, government clerks, and clergyman and between the ages of eighteen and thirty and single. Women were known as manipulators, capable of doing the job. Standage felt that...
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...Samuel Morse came up with the idea that signals can be transmitted by wire. He used pulses of electricity to deflect an electromagnet, which would then move a marker that would make codes on paper. This was called "Morse Code. Several years later, Congress funded $30,000 to construct a 40 mile experimental telegraph line from Washington to Baltimore. Soon members of Congress witnessed the sending and receiving of the first news dispatched by electric telegraph. This technology was later improved in to the Stock Ticker, which would actually mark down numbers and letters that would reflect stock changes and recordings. Dow Jones & Company, publisher of the Wall Street Journal, was founded in 1874 by reporters Charles Dow, Edward Jones and Charles Bergstresser. Jones converted the small "Customers' Afternoon Letter" into the "Wall Street Journal", which was first published in 1889. They used the telegraph to deliver stock and bond prices on the New York Stock Exchange. J. P. Morgan was an entrepreneur who became a king of corporate bankers. Morgan arranged the merger of Edison General Electric and Thomson-Houston Electric Company forming General Electric. Also, he financed the creation of the Federal Steel Company; he merged several steel and iron businesses thus forming the United States Steel Corporation. U.S. Steel was the first billion-dollar company in the world with capital of $1.4 billion. Morgan also resolved the crisis of The Panic of 1907, in which major New York...
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...Evolutions of the Telecommunication Industry Timeline 1. 1793 - The Chappe brothers established the first commercial semaphore system between two locations near Paris. 2. 1843 - FAX invented by the Scotch physicist Alexander Bain. 3. 1844 - Morse demonstrates the electric telegraph; Morse's first telegraph line between Washington and Baltimore opens in May 4. 1870 - Thomas Edison invents multiplex telegraphy. 5. 1876 - Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone. 6. 1921 - The Willis-Graham Act allows telcos to merge with permission of the States and the Interstate Commerce Commission. 7. 1960- AT&T designed its Dataphone, the first commercial modem, specifically for converting digital computer data to analog signals for transmission across its long distance network. 8. 1971- The first e-mail is sent. Ray Tomlinson of the research firm Bolt, Beranek and Newman sent the first e-mail. Mr. Tomlinson, who is credited with being the one to decide on the "@" sign for use in e-mail, sent his message over a military network called ARPANET 9. 1996 - Congress passed the 1996 Telecommunications Act which requires FCC to develop 80 new rulemakings within a six-month period leading to increased competition is all aspects of telecommunications. "Central-office implemented coin phones" are now required to be registered as a result of opening this market to competition. 10. 1998- The World Wide Web is born, marking the beginning of the...
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...University of Phoenix Material Effects of Mass Media Worksheet Write brief 250-to 300-word answers to each of the following: |Questions |Answers | |What were the major developments in the |The major developments of mass media in the 20th century were Morse code, television, | |evolution of mass media during the 20th |radio’s, newspapers, and the telephone. When Morse code came to be, it was the fastest way| |century? |to send a message across great distances. Many people had learned Morse code to be able to| | |deliver these messages as a telegram. After Morse code was the telephone. The telephone | | |made it even easier to call someone and talk to them instead of waiting for an answer via | | |telegram (Morse code) or by letter. This later led to the creation of cell phones. Before | | |the invention of the television there was the radio. This was one of the main forms of | | |entertainment. There was music that played on the radio but it was mainly talk shows and | | |stores that were read over the radio. Newspapers have been around for a long time, they | | ...
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...Communication History Vocabulary Notes DIRECTIONS: Use the class presentation to help you define the following key terms: 1. Communication –The process of creating and exchanging meaning through symbolic interaction 2. Verbal Communication –Communication in the form of spoken or written words. a. Examples- 3. Nonverbal Communication –Communication in the form of gestures, eye contact, or tone of voice. a. Examples – 4. Speech –Speech is the expression of, or the ability to express thoughts and feelings by articulate sounds. Human communication was revolutionized by speech. 5. Symbols –Symbol - Something that represents or stands for something else The imperfection of speech resulted in the creation of new forms of communication, improving both the range at which people could communicate and the longevity of the information. 6. Cave Drawings –Around 30,000 BC murals were painted on cave walls that told stories of battles, hunts, and culture. 7. Petroglyphs –Around 10,000 BC images were created by removing part of a rock surface by incising, pecking, carving, and abrading 8. Pictograms –9,000 BC saw the development of pictures that represent an object or an idea. 9. Ideogram –A written character that symbolizes the idea of a thing without indicating the sounds used to say it, e.g., numerals and Chinese characters. 10. Writing –a sequence of letters, words, or symbols marked on paper or other surface appeared around 2700 BC 11. Alphabet –a set of letters...
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...about the early 1200s B.C. Later, approximately 700 B.C., carrier pigeons were trained to take a message from one person to another by memorized route. This was a tactic that became popularized especially during the Olympic Games of Athens, Greece, and later in wars with the Persians and the Mongolians. In the late 1700s, the French-born Chappe brothers invented the Semaphore system, which consisted of movable arms on a pole that denoted letters; the first commercial semaphore was invented about 1794 and spread from Paris to Russian, Italy, and Germany; these towers only lasted until about 1860. In 1843, Alexander Bain invented the first FAX, which was followed closely by the electric Telegraph which was invented by Samuel Morse in 1844. The “Morse Code” was widely used to send distress signals especially during times of war or maritime disaster. It wasn’t until 1876 that Alexander Graham Bell invented the first Telephone and applies for a patent. However, Elisha Gray, founder of Western Electric Manufacturing, applies for the same patent a mere 3 hours after Bell does. Bell offers his patent for $100,000, and Gray refuses. 1877 sees the first telephone line in operation through Somerville, Mass. and Boston. Bell then founds American Bell in 1880 and had over 30,000 phones in use, takes controlling interest of Western Union and Western Electric by 1882. In 1884, a...
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...Creating a Program that Blinks the LEDs on the Board 1- Create a new project and copy and paste the following code in the main.c file of your project. //*************************************************************************************** // MSP430 Blink the LED Demo - Software Toggle P1.0 // // Description; Toggle P1.0 by xor'ing P1.0 inside of a software loop. // ACLK = n/a, MCLK = SMCLK = default DCO // // MSP430x5xx // ----------------- // /|\| XIN|- // | | | // --|RST XOUT|- // | | // | P1.0|-->LED // // J. Stevenson // Texas Instruments, Inc // July 2011 // Built with Code Composer Studio v5 //*************************************************************************************** #include <msp430.h> int main(void) { WDTCTL = WDTPW + WDTHOLD; // Stop watchdog timer P1DIR |= 0x01; // Set P1.0 to output direction for (;;) { volatile unsigned int i; // volatile to prevent optimization P1OUT ^= 0x01; // Toggle P1.0 using exclusive-OR i = 10000; // SW Delay do i--; while (i != 0); } } 2- Google the “for” and “while” loops in C++ and describe how they work here. We will use them very often in programming. Answer: * For loop is used like an infinite loop...
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...University of Phoenix Material Effects of Mass Media Worksheet Write brief 250-to 300-word answers to each of the following: Questions | Answers | What were the major developments in the evolution of mass media during the 20th century? | The evolution of mass media during the 20th century has had major developments such as the telephone, television, radio, newspaper, and Morse code. Morse code was the fastest way for people to communicate by telegram before the telephone. Once the telephone came about it made communication between people much more convenient vs. waiting on a telegram. This then led to the invention of cell phone that made communication even better because now people were able to talk to one another while on the go. Radio was the way people listen to the news, music, storytelling and talk shows. This at the time was the main source of entertainment before the creation of the television. Television changed the way people received information as a whole because before the way to reach the people was through newspapers. Television went from black and white to colored and affordable for everyone to have in their homes, which became a large source for people to see and listen to the news. Next was the making of the computer that allowed individuals to communicate across the world, share pictures with friend and family through social sites, and search the web for any and almost anything one may want to look up. But, before it reached business and homes it was...
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...During the early 1800s, the telegraph had been an efficient method of instant communication before the invention of the telephone. As a matter of fact, the telegraph may have only affected those who lived in the city rather than rural areas simply because it did not cover a large enough range. Its usefulness was mostly spent on allowing businessmen and bankers to have more private transactions, giving the government an opportunity to control what is said in the public, and spreading news coverage from one country to another. However, those who lacked in either the money or time to use the telegraph were excluded from hearing any news until someone wrote about it. In a sense, some of the general public was kept outside of the loop of information spreading across the world unless the government or newspapers wanted the people to hear about what is happening. The telegraph did not have that much impact on what people in rural areas could gain from it. Most of these people might have included farmers or traditional skilled workers who spend their money on trying to keep their businesses alive. If someone from a countryside home were to travel into city, they would have to worry about creating short messages that might have cost a lot of money before sending it off (Standage, 115). Along those lines, the time it takes between another person receiving the telegram and the time it might take for them to send one off might be the same as sending a letter by pony express. At the same...
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