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Mortality

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경상대학 2012280208 정 승 효

<The Determinants of Mortality>
의학에 발전에 따라 사람들의 기대수명은 상승하고 있다. 글에 나온바와 같이 바로 지난 세기에만 해도 인간의 수명은 30년 이상 늘어났다. 그리고 이러한 세계적인 추세가 한국에서도 똑같이 일어날까 하는 의문이 들어 한국의 국민들의 기대수명을 조사해봤다. 조사 도중에 흥미로운 모습들을 살펴볼 수 있었다. 우선 한국의 기대수명은 다른 나라에 비해 급격히 늘어났다.

위의 도표를 보면 전 세계 기대수명은 25년간 평균적으로 6년 정도 늘어났다. 하지만 한국의 기대수명은 부려 13년 정도가 늘어났다. 이는 한국의 경제 발전과 연관 지을 수 있다. 한국은 전후 50년 만에 엄청난 경제 발전을 이루어냈다. 이에 따라 선진국의 의학 기술을 받아들일 만한 역량을 갖추었고, 이와 함께 낮았던 사람들의 기대수명 또한 급격히 늘어났다. 책의 내용과 같이 명확한 근거는 없지만, 경제 발전과 기대수명의 연관 관계를 한국 사회를 통해서도 찾아낼 수가 있었다.
다음으로 흥미로웠던 점은 다른 나라에 비해 한국의 기대수명의 성별 간 차이는 어느 나라보다 컸다는 점이다. 2010년 기준 한국의 평균수명은 세계 22위에 자리 잡고 있다. 그렇다고 남녀 모두의 기대수명이 낮은 순위에 자리 잡고 있지는 않다. 남성의 기대수명이 다른 선진국들에 비해 상대적으로 낮은 순위에 자리 잡고 있었다.

위의 도표를 보면 한국은 특이하게도 성별 간의 기대수명의 차이가 10단계 이상난다. 그렇다면 이러한 결과가 나오는 이유는 무엇일까?
전문가들은 가장 큰 이유로 '자신에 대한 투자'를 제시하고 있다. 지금 한국 사회는 외모에 대한 중요성이 매우 높다. 그리고 그 중요성에 대해 더 민감하게 반응하고 적용되는 쪽은 여성이다. 그렇기 때문에 여성들은 젊었을 때부터 꾸준한 운동과 식이요법을 병행한다. 하지만 남성들은 여성들에 비해 이러한 경향이 덜하다. 여성에 비해 남성들은 업무상의 스트레스가 더하고 이러한 스트레스를 술과 담배로 해결하려는 경향이 크다. 다른 나라에 비해 여성의 사회 진출이 적은 한국에서 어쩌면 이러한 결과는 당연 할 수도 있다는 의견이다.
그렇다면 '우리 사회는 이러한 현상을 어떻게 해결해 나가야 할 것인가' 하는 것이 중요한 문제로 대두 될 것이다. 기대수명과는 상관없어 보이지만 조사 결과 제시되었던 여성의 사회진출을 더욱 활발하게 만들어야 한다는 것이다. 그렇게 되면 남성의 업무로 인한 스트레스는 자연스레 여성과 함께 분담 될 것이며, 또한 이는 기대수명의 증가로 귀결 될 것이다. 다음으로, 남성들의 현상에 대한 태도의 변화를 촉구해야 할 것이다. 음주와 흡연 보다는 취미 생활로 스포츠를 하는 등의 더욱 건설적인 방향의 스트레스 해소법을 통해, 남성들 또한 여성과 같이 자기 계발과 함께 스트레스도 해소하는 일거양득의 행동을 취해야 할 것이다.

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