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Movers an Shakers in Education

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Submitted By xvanubis
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Shawn Ray
EDU-210
October 3rd, 2015
Tara Armstead

Movers and Shakers in Education
From 470 to 399 B.C. Socrates lived a life of questions. Every day he questioned people and engaged them in philosophical conversation. This earned him both many student followers and many enemies who eventually had him condemned to death. "To all the philosophers that came after him, Socrates not only left the example of his life but also a new sort of inquiry (that is, social inquiry) and a new way of pursuing that inquiry, namely through the use of the Socratic method of question and answer." (Satris, 2015). Many different schools arose after Socrates death and claimed that they followed his examples, which is one reason why Socrates remains a giant in philosophy today. The Socratic Method can be used by those who are less wise than Socrates ever was himself, thus it could be said that Socrates had a mission that proved successful on the direction of philosophy which has had an effect that can never be undone. This ultimately has an effect on how philosophy is taught and how philosophers think in our present day lives and educational careers.
The common school movement began to take place in the 1830's where a more state sponsored compulsory education for the masses set the foundation for what eventually becomes the educational system we have now in our everyday lives. There were schools for the poor, pauper schools, and private schools for the affluent. There were also some district schools as what we have today as well as schools run by churches. The distinction between private and public schools which we are accustomed to seeing today did not exist. Horace Mann, otherwise known as the father of education, was a big part and leader of the common school movement. He created the first state board of education in Massachusetts in 1837. According to Horace Mann, "The existence of the common school was ordained by Providence, which proved the absolute right of every human being to an education; and which, of course proves the correlative duty of every government to see that the means of that education are provided for all incapable of being abrogated by any ordinance of man." (Hunt, 2002). The common school movement had many different political speakers which backed its cause. These speakers shared the facts that the implement of common schools would help not just the individuals become smarter, but would also decrease crime, intemperance, violence and fraud. The common school advocates also stated that it would bring a "reign of morality and virtue to the commonwealth." (Hunt, 2002.) Due to the fact that there were so many advocates for the common school movement and that people kept pushing and driving for it to happen, the school programs we have today are the result. While there are still some flaws in the eyes of the educators, our nation has a free public school program for everyone. In 1954, another very important and remarkable point in the United States' history was made. Brown versus the Board of Education made it so that everyone, no matter the race or ethnicity would be able to attend the same schools at the same time without any sort of segregation. This court case is what repealed the doctrine of Plessy versus Ferguson. "In 1954 decision of the Supreme Court in Brown versus the Board of Education, was the idea that every individual has the right to an education that was not impinged upon by the concept of race." (Ogbonna-Mcgruder, Armstrong, and Martin, 2011). This helps to envision a country free of discrimination and slavery that ran through the country's very veins and helps to ring the quote of the statue of liberty true, "Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses, yearning to breathe free, the wretched refuse of your teeming shore, send these, the homeless, tempest tost to me, I lift my lamp up beside the golden door." (Emma Lazarus). Even though there is still discrimination and racism that occurs in the United States, it is not as prominent as it was in the mid 1900's and Brown versus the Board of Education played a big role in helping achieve that for today. In common schools, there is very little racial discrimination that occurs and every year students and educators alike become, as I like to say, "more color blind." The year 2002 marked the point that the NCLB or No Child Left Behind act would take place. The intentions of the act were to make it so that standardized testing would help each state gain an understanding of the academic progress of the schools. Schools are required to meet their AYP standards in math, and reading and if they do not meet the standards, they are then required to provide supplemental educational services. These services could include tutoring or after school programs to help students reach their grade level or math or reading. While many states have shown an increase in scores on state tests, it is unclear whether the actual academic gains are as great as the scores seem to indicate. Also, "schools are spending more time on math and reading and less time on other core subjects." (Diorio, 2015). This also could mean that we are focusing more on these subjects and how to take a test rather than different content and curriculum that is beneficial to students. There has even been schools that focus so much on the test taking to make sure they meet their AYP standards, that when the students graduate, they really are not sure what they have learned other than different strategies for test taking and the material that would be given on the state tests. As the United States is a nation nowhere near top ranked academically in the world, maybe it is time for us to restructure how many tests are given to students and start teaching core subject matter again to promote more learning.

References
Ogbonna-Mcgruder, Chinyere, Armstrong, Tony, Martin, Eric J. (2011). REVISITING BROWN VS. BOARD OF EDUCATION: 57 YEARS LATER Retrieved from GCU Library http://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=1&sid=e95fb761-7469-47ba-8168-b8f04b35baec%40sessionmgr111&hid=108&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#AN=94247910&db=ehh
Satris, Stephen (2015.) Socrates Salem Press Biographical Encyclopedia retrieved from GCU Library http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/eds/detail/detail?sid=408eeecc-0319-4374-b6b3-f2384e0305fd@sessionmgr4004&vid=3&hid=4105&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ==#db=ers&AN=88258906
Hunt, Thomas C. (2002). Chapter 1 from The impossible Dream retrieved from GCU Library http://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=a1d66e71-594b-43d9-a817-e89eb53f511b%40sessionmgr113&vid=4&hid=108
Diorio, Gina L. (2015). No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 retrieved from GCU Library http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/eds/detail/detail?sid=a73fbb9f-97b5-4ed3-96a2-4fa158a02d84@sessionmgr4003&vid=3&hid=4105&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ==#AN=89164340&db=ers

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