Respiration Glossary

Term | Definition | Glycolysis | Metabolic pathway in the first stage of respiration. Occurs in the cytoplasm | | Addition of a phosphate group to a molecule e.g. ADP to form ATP | Hydrolysis | Splitting a large molecule into smaller molecules by the chemical addition of water | | Enzyme/Protein complexes which can pick up and then pass on electrons | | An enzyme associated with the stalked particles in mitochondria which catalyses the addition of phosphate to ADP forming ATP | | Non protein groups, e.g. haem groups which are associated with electron carriers. | | Enzymes involved in oxidation and reduction reactions | | Electron carriers arranged in a specific sequence on the inner mitochondrial membrane | | The flow of hydrogen ions through ATP-synthase. This force allows ATP to be produced | Dehydrogenase | An enzyme which removes hydrogen atoms | Decarboxylase | An enzyme which removes carboxyl groups, thus, producing carbon dioxide | | Third stage in aerobic respiration. Occurs in mitochondrial matrix | Oxidation | Chemical reaction involving loss of electrons or Hydrogen atoms, or gain of oxygen | Reduction | Chemical reaction involving gain of electrons or hydrogen atoms, or loss of oxygen | Co-enzymes | Molecules that help enzymes carry out oxidation and reduction reactions. They work like shuttles, carrying atoms or molecules from one enzyme reaction to the next e.g. NAD | Cristae | Name for the folded inner mitochondrial membrane | Oxidative phosphorylation | The formation of ATP in the presence of oxygen, by chemiosmosis | | The force produced by hydrogen ions as they flow through ATP-synthase, down their concentration gradient, which causes ADP +Pi to combine to form ATP | Anaerobic respiration | The formation of ATP in the absence of oxygen | | The formation of ATPby anaerobic