...Float like a butterfly sting like a bee Muhammad Ali is one of the most famous boxers of all time. He was named after his father; Cassius Marcellus Clay, Sr. Ali was born in Louisville, Kentucky. He was named for the 19th century abolitionist and politician Cassius Clay.Ali later changed his name after joining the Nation of Islam and subsequently converted to Sunni Islam in 1975. Mr. Ali was not only known for being the world best boxer but also being known for being a familiar face in the civil rights movement. Pre-war struggles and the events of the Second World War set the conditions for a mass civil rights movement, beginning in the early 1950’s, which would last nearly three decades. It brought about a lot of struggles, particularly for African Americans. Although Ali didn't deal with the majority of the issues that most lower class African Americans had to deal with, Ali still felt the need to defend his people using his celebrity status as a way for people to listen. (Pierre) Minority groups within the United States struggled for nearly a century to gain racial equality. In the mid 1940s a movement began assembling that would later bring about change, it was known as the Civil Rights movement. It reached its apex in the mid 1960s, around the same time a heavy-weight fighter named Cassius Clay was making his bid for a belt. In 1964, the young boxer shocked the world, making his conversion to Islam and his new name public. He announced that he had become a member of...
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...Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali who was originally known as Cassius Clay Jr. is an American former professional boxer, philanthropist, and civil rights activist. Considered a cultural icon, Ali was both idolized as well as vilified. It would be easiest to brag about how many championships he has acquired or fights he has won throughout his career, but Ali did not become one of the more famous people in the world by just winning numerous amounts of fights. He was a daily headline, the bigger ones outside the ring. He was complicated and unpredictable, refreshing, and controversial. He was totally against racism and wanted equality for every human being. He won a gold medal for the United States in the 1960 Rome Olympics and proudly stood on the victory stand. Later, he reportedly threw the medal into the Ohio River after not being allowed to eat in a whites-only restaurant. Ali used the heavyweight championship tile as a weapon against the social and economic injustices of his time. He became the most recognized American on the globe, his words to dictators freed hostages where military force and political authority failed and he still took the time to play with kids on the street when he came to their neighborhoods whether it was in Detroit or Zaire. He fought evil and injustice with all the tools God gave him, harder and in a bigger arena than he ever did as a boxer. Ali paid a huge cost for his beliefs without thought to his personal gain, and proved Hemingway right, "a man can...
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...March 15, 2024 To what extent did the activism of Cleveland Browns running back Jim Brown shape perceptions of athletes as advocates for social change? Table of Contents:. Introduction Jim Brown's Emergence as an Activist Public Perceptions and Reactions Legacy and Influence on Athlete Activism Tainted Legacy Conclusion. Both historically and contemporarily, professional athletes have gained popularity not solely for their exceptional abilities within their respective sports, but also for...
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... I think its negatively impact to society because why should we have rules when no one seem to follow them. In The case against civil disobedience "its a question asking is the problem simply that whites have power and blacks do not?" . I think this is true because I feel that whites had more freedom then the blacks did . But I feel that everyone should be treated equally.In seeking to improve tomorrow, it is our duty to remember where we have been and reflect on where we are"I think this is saying that tomorrow will better only if we do not make the same mistakes we did it the past . Its saying we have to improve .If we had a peaceful to laws to positively impact to a free society it would be better...
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...individuals in the video have made vitally important contributions to the fields of art, science, politics, entertainment, human rights and business in the 20th Century. Albert Einstein: a true scientific genius and visionary whose theory of relativity ushered in a new age. Bob Dylan: socially aware folk singer whose songs helped to usher in a new era of civil rights. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr: leading civil rights advocate of the 1950’s and 1960’s. Richard Branson: best known as the founder of Virgin Group, which comprises more than 400 companies. John Lennon: A peace and human rights activist. Lennon, along with Paul McCartney, wrote some of the most groundbreaking music of the past century. Buckminster Fuller: an American neo-futuristic architect, systems theorist, author, designer, inventor and publisher of more than 30 books. Thomas Edison: the list of his inventions includes the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. Muhammad Ali: Ali is widely regarded for the championships he won in the ring plus the values he practiced outside of it. Ted Turner: founder of the cable news network CNN, the first 24-hour cable news channel. Maria Callas: one of the most renowned opera singers of the 20th century. Using nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom for still unborn generations. Amelia Earhart: the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean....
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...America still have slaves? If not for civil disobedience, would we still have segregation? As I ponder these questions, I come to the conclusion that resistance, particularly peaceful resistance, positively impacts a free society. Henry David Thoreau once stated, "Unjust laws exist: shall we be content to obey them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress them at once?" When I think of peaceful resistance, I think of Rosa Parks, Alice Paul, Martin Luther King Jr., and Mahatma Gandhi....
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...greatness of our Air Force. In order to better yourself as a leader you need a goal or ideal leader you want to model yourself after. My example of an ideal leader is Mohammed Ali, one of the greatest boxers ever to live. Mohammed Ali is a man of morals and the definition of a great leader. Early in his career in 1964, Ali converted his religion from Christianity to Islam; the same time changed his name from Cassius Clay to Muhammad Ali (“The Official1”). Two years later after his conversion and name change, he got drafted into the military service even after he failed the draft aptitude test. Ali refused to serve because of his Muslim beliefs. In 1967 he was found guilty of refusing to be inducted into the military services (“The Official1”). Although after a few years he was cleared of the charges, the damage was already done. The boxing association had already taken away his World Heavy Weight title and suspended him from boxing for three and a half years. Ali gave up some of his prime boxing years to fight for social equity. Ali is a political figure who fought for what he believed in even when the odds were against him and inspired others do the same. The 1950’s and 60’s was a time of racial tension and many Blacks of America were seeking leadership and Ali became one of those leaders. Ali stepped into a leadership role by using is position as World Heavy Champion of the world to bring to light...
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...On October 30, 1974, Muhammad Ali delivered an eighth round knockout to heavyweight champion George Foreman in Kinshasa, the capital of Zaire (present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo). The fight, known as the Rumble in the Jungle, is a monument in sports history and a moment of equally potent social and political significance. Leon Gast’s colossal collection of archival footage leading up to the fight in Zaire was assembled and released twenty years later in the form of a documentary entitled When We Were Kings. The film focuses on Ali’s preparation for the fight in the context of his controversial role in American society at the time. An overwhelming presence in American popular culture, Ali reaffirmed his athletic and cultural dominance...
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...and in a way, not a human; but a monster. How could we view a terrorist in any other way? A moral American would never think of acting in such a way as a terrorist would, right? But a terrorist is indeed a human. A terrorist could be a man, woman or even a child. A living, breathing person with views that may be quite different than that of our own views. A person who may not see what we view as a terrorist act, but as a belief that may have been taught from birth. One of these terrorists you will be learning about is Ayaan Hirsi Ali, “Somali-Dutch feminist and atheist activist, writer and politician who is known for her views critical of Islam. She wrote the screenplay for Theo van Gogh's movie Submission, for which she criticized the treatment of women in the Islamic society and “Juxtaposed with passages from the Qur'an were scenes of actresses portraying Muslim women suffering abuse.” (Voices on Antisemtisim). After which she and the director both received death threats, and the director was murdered by an Islamic extremist. The daughter of the Somali politician and opposition leader Hirsi Magan Isse, she is a founder of the women's rights organization the AHA Foundation.”(theahafoundation.org). Ayaan Hirsi Ali is not a terrorist of The United States of America, but of her own country. Ayaan Hirsi Ali was born in Mogadishu, Somalia on November 13, 1969. She came from a wealthy family; her father Hirsi Magan Isse was a prominent member of the Somali Salvation Democratic Front...
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...discussion, discourse * Ilm al-kalām = “science of discourse” or il al-tawhīd = “the science of (the divine) unity” * Theology only legitimate when subservient to the religious law, sharī’a * Fiqh = science of Muslim jurisprudence (‘Understanding’) is the chief Islamic science, in light of which all others are judged * Kalām is subordinate to fiqh * Majority of Muslims have given their allegiance in analysis and interpretation of doctrinal matters to the ‘ulamā’ = ‘the scholar jurists’ * THEOLOGICAL ISSUES * Khārijites = faction that seceded from Alī’s Shī’a * Had very high ideal of what Muslim community should be * Called themselves “the people of paradise” * Abandoned their leader Alī after his arbitration with Umayyad challenger, Mu’āwiya * Later also rejected the Umayyads * Now Khārijites = outlaw Muslims who zealously persisted trying to force their vision of Islam on their brothers * Strictest faction = Azraqites – Moderate faction = Najdite * Murji’ite = position that no human can discern whether sinners were still members of “the people of paradise” or citizens of the fiery realm * Idea that God postpones or defers judgement on certain sinners * Murij’ites = postponers = procrastinators * Moderate and tolerant views => provided degree of stability and security in the umma * Sunnī majority => evolved from the Murji’ites * After...
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...Women Before and After the Pahlavi Period In Iran Hashem Alshakhas December 11 2013 Table of Contents Section Page Introduction………………………………………………………….……………………..1 Rise of Reza and Muhammad Shah………………………………………….…….1 The first Pahlavi period- Reza Shah…...…………………………………….…….5 Modernization, unveiling and clash with the citizens…………………………5 The second Pahlavi period- Muhammad Shah…………………………..10 After The Islamic Revolution …………………………………………….14 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………..19 References…………………………………………………………………..21 Introduction It has been more than 30 years since the victorious Islamic revolution transpired and sought the citizen supported and the forceful death of the Pahlavi dynasty which was ruled, with a denied democracy, under Mohammed shah and his father, Reza shah who were both put forth by the British. Due to the controversial media’s coverage, its western influence and lack of justice, there remains a bitter taste in the mouth of feminists in regards to women’s rights under the newly born Islamic state. In this paper, I will be examining and shedding light on these issues, as well as comparing the current and past roles of women, the differences between the Islamic and Pahlavi imposed laws on these women all within the confines of the diverse domains of Iran, while taking into...
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...VIT UNIVERSITY M.S(SE) ETHICS AND VALUES ASSIGNMENT – 1 SOCIAL LEADERS (SAROJINI NAIDU) BY ANGELIN.R 10MSE0067 Introduction : Sarojini Naidu,also known by the sobriquet The Nightingale of India (Bharatiya Kokila), was a child prodigy, Indian independence activist and poet. Naidu was the second Indian woman to become the President of the Indian National Congress and the first woman to become the Governor of Uttar Pradesh state. Her birthday is celebrated as Women's Day in India. Sarojini Chattopadhyay, later Naidu, belonged to a Bengali family. She was born in Hyderabad, India as the eldest daughter of scientist, philosopher, linguist and educator Aghornath Chattopadhyaya, and Barada Sundari Devi, a Bengali poetess. After receiving a doctor of science degree from Edinburg University, her father settled in Hyderabad State, where he founded and administered the Hyderabad College, which later become the Nizam College. Education : Sarojini Naidu was a brilliant student. She was proficient in Urdu, Telugu, English, Bengali, and Persian. At the age of 12, Sarojini Naidu attained national fame when she topped the matriculation examination at Madras University. Her father wanted her to become a mathematician or scientist but Sarojini Naidu was interested in poetry. She started writing poems in English. Impressed by her play Maher Muneer, the Nizam of Hyderabad gave her scholarship...
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...after 30 years.) While Tunisia seems to be emulating Turkey as a historically secular country with mildly Islamist politicians exercising the greatest amount of influence in their country's respective foreign and domestic affairs, Egypt, the birthplace of the Muslim Brotherhood, appears to be at the center of a struggle between the Islamists and the military, which has dominated politics in that country since the early 1950s, while secularists and the minority Copts feel as if they have been sidelined. Majority Shi'a in Bahrain were quashed in their attempt to have a minority Sunni government recognize their rights, while Yemen's longtime leader was replaced by that country's vice president. Libya toppled an erratic dictator, but has no experience with representative government and like in Yemen the population possesses tribal identities. Syria is now engaged in a brutal civil war in which at least 20,000 people have lost their lives by the summer of 2012. Other countries in the Arab world either buy the loyalty of their inhabitants as is the case with the oil states of the Gulf Cooperation Council or havefraditionalmonarchies (Morocco and Jordan) that have introduced limited reform. Iraq and Lebanon, no sfrangers to prolonged political violence, try to manage sectarian divisions, while Sudan seems to be intoxicated with the...
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...for the Hezbollah is yellow with a green AK 47 and green rocket truck with the entire globe in the background. The early history and foundation of Hezbollah, Hezbollah came around long before the Iranian revolution of 1979, they have strong ties with the religious scholars from Iran and Lebanon, These scholars or Shi’ite ulema studied theology in the academies in Iraq. During the 1950’s and 1960’s these academies were very active bringing together an Islamic response to nationalism and secularism (Encyclopedia of the Middle East). At this point we need to briefly discus the difference between Sunni and Shiite Musliams, the origin of Islam began back in 610 A.D. Sunnis accept that the first four Caliphs, to include Ali are the rightful followers of Muhammad, they do not grant a divinely inspired status to their clerics like the Shiites do with their imams, Shiites believe imams are descendants of the Prophet. Islam has no code that their laws are based on; it has various schools or thoughts of law. While the Sunni are more rigid under the state, rather than...
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...James Petz The Tunisian Revolution: The Beginning of the Arab Spring In Tunisia and other Middle Eastern countries, revolutions have broken out. The Tunisian revolution, or the “Jasmine Revolution,” was the start of the Arab Spring, or the collective term for these modern revolutions in the Middle East. I chose to study and write about the Tunisian Revolution because I am very interested in Middle Eastern and modern studies. In my contemporary global studies class, we briefly studied modern revolutions, but I would like to research more on this topic. These revolutions are still causing chaos today, which is part of the reason it is so interesting to me. To start my research, I came up with a few questions about the revolutions, which guided my research. These questions were: Why did the citizens start to revolt? What is happening during the aftermath of the revolution? What effect does this revolution (Tunisian) have on other countries? Why has Tunisia succeeded while other countries have not had the same success? These questions were very helpful when it came to doing research. While doing my research some websites were helpful, when others did not have quite the same usefulness. The two best sources that I used for my research were Britannica and Aljazeera. These sources had great insight on the revolution in Tunisia, especially the Aljazeera article “Political Violence and the Efforts to Salvage Tunisia’s Revolution.” Aljazeera has even sent field agents...
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