...imagery, social support, relaxation, breath control, and taking things one step at a time. Imagery is a part of a sport psychological skill where it effects to athletes to success in their games. In addition, many athletes and coaches recognize the power of imagery in sport performance. In fact, athletes from most sport attribute at least part of their success their use of imagery. Through imagery, you can recreate previous positive experiences or picture new events to prepare yourself mentally for performance. Imagery can and should, involve as many senses as possible. Through imagery, many athletes see themselves using certain strategies to accommodate their style. Some strategies include hearing, seeing, and feeling. Social support is the kind of support or affection you get from your family, friends, colleagues, and others. Certain types of social support were found to be more effective in reducing anxiety amongst performers. There were many times when my parents show social support for me during my college basketball games. They had to drive two hours to the game, stay for another two hours watch the game, and drive two hours back home. Having social support definitely helps you to stay calm and get excited at the same time. Research has found this same hypothesis appropriate for the use of social support as a way to cope with anxiety. Relaxation is another strategy that helps to reduce anxiety and stress. The progressive relaxation technique forms the...
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...[[move this block to the left margin]] Nicholas Petrilla Essay I Draft Analysis of Cathedral 28 September 2010 Dr. Michelle Brown Analysis of Cathedral [[descriptive title? 12-point font, not bold]] I am fortunate that each morning I wake up, look around, and am able view the world around me. Most of us take our vision for granted. Others, like the narrator, in the Raymond Carver short story, Cathedral, not only take their vision for granted, but look with prejudice on people with this disability or any disability. Too often we have a preconceived notion of how we feel about individuals before we really get to know them. The narrator only knew of Robert from the stories his wife had told him, and the poems she had written; including that first poem were she describes the last day she spent with him, and how he had asked to touch her face. But just the fact that Robert was blind was enough for the narrator to form his opinion of Robert. The theme that the narrator wanted us to see was that although he was letting Robert come into his home, there was no way he was going to be able to cope with a “blind man”. Having this man in his house was not normal, and was not something with which he was going to be comfortable. The writing of this story from the narrator’s view point allows each reader to reflect on their preconceived notions of situations that they have faced and how they dealt with them. (Thesis) As the story develops, there are many references to...
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...Introduction Hypnosis comes from the Greek work “Hypnos” which means sleep , trance like state and is termed as a state of mental and physical relaxation enabling someone to access the subconscious mind, which is the part of the mind that expresses the way people automatically feel, think and act. The hypnosis theory has proven to effectively access the subconscious mind, and determine the conflicts in the mind causing the desired change either in behaviour, emotionally, physically and psychologically. Hypnosis has become essential in the clinical aspects, mainly in the pain management with positive results . This is due to the success of many laboratory studies and research, and the ability to observe the behaviour of the client, reinforcing the theory of hypnosis. HISTORY Modern Hypnosis began with Franz Anton Mesmer (1734-1815) an Austrian doctor who used magnets and the view of transferring fluid in order to cure illness without medicine or surgery. As there was no scientific evidence to his work, Mesmer’s believed that it was magnetism, rather than the patient's own mind that determined the outcome. His first attempt to test his theory and practice in 1774 was with Franziska Osterlin and in 1777 he restored a blind girl’s sight. His method of fluid transfer was disregarded and declared as individual fantasy by King Louis in 1785. However, Mesmer’s theory had stirred interest even after he died, a result of which saw other theories emerge. James Braid...
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...WHAT IS HYPNOSIS? I intend this essay to cover the subject matter, ranging from the generally acknowledged Father of Hypnotherapy through to the founder of the Progressive Muscle Relaxation method, describing on the way the scientific advances that help us have a better understanding of Hypnosis, and why relaxation is an important tool in our arsenal. “And…You’re a Chicken...! ” Unfortunately, due to the popularity of the modern Stage hypnotist, this is the General Public’s opinion of Hypnotism. To better understand today’s modern approach to Hypnosis as a tool used for therapy, we have to go back in time, to a point in the late eighteenth century, when a Viennese Doctor named Franz Mesmer (1734-1815) decided enough was enough with regard to the then contemporary cures for various maladies, some of which caused the patient more pain and distress than the ailment for which they were being treated. The devotion he showed towards his patients was unusual, most notably in the case of Franzl Oesterline, considered by many to be his “Breakthrough” case. After moving her into his home to provide twenty-four hour attention, he elected to affect a cure for her ill health using theories that he had put forward in his youth, that of “Animal Magnetism” in which he postulated that gravity and tidal influences act upon the human body. Using a magnet, he “disrupted” the fields of gravity that he believed were causing his patient’s problems, whilst explaining to her that she...
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...What Is Hypnosis? Hypnosis is an artificially inducted state of relaxation and concentration in which deeper parts of the mind become more accessible. It is a psychological phenomenon, an interaction between two people, one of whom is indentified as the hypnotist , the other as the subject. Hypnosis is a normal state of mind, one which most people go in and out of every day. When we are watching a movie that you are engrossed in, driving down a long monotonous road, listening to music that captures a mood or engrosses us, we are in hypnosis. This is not a guide or spiritual being, is a scientific discovery of a function of our brain. It is a complex phenomenon, the coming together of a number of psychological processes such selective attention, relaxation, creation of expectancy, imagination, rapport between the hypnotist and subject, some degree of conformity and compliance. In fact, you have been in an hypnotic state literally thousands of times. You didn’t notice it because it seemed such a natural state of mind. And the hypnotic state is natural for all humans and many animals. .... Everything you have learned is stored in your subconscious. Because you have already learned to drive, your driving skills is stored in your subconscious so it is why so easy we can switch off our conscious mind and let it drifts off and use our driving skills stored in subconscious. Historically, hypnosis was regarded by many as something very mysterious, unusual to take control over...
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...above are just the physical side effects, not including how unmanaged stress can affect you mind, job, and other relationships. However, there is hope. There are many ways to manage stress. These include but are not limited to imagery, meditation, music, yoga, self-hypnosis, and physical techniques. My personal favorites are the physical techniques because you can do them anywhere. If you like you can even combined techniques. For example, you can combine yoga with music, or imagery with meditation. Everyone needs to find a combination or relaxation technique that works for them. I have found mine and it is truly helpful when it comes to managing my stress. “The first part of this technique is deep breathing. Deeps breaths are what you take to calm down, throughout yoga, and meditation. Your breathing is key. To use this take a number of deep breaths and with each breath relax your body further. This is a very simple and effective method of...
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...attention in the subject that may be induced by another person.” Contrary to popular belief being in a state of hypnosis is not the same as being asleep. The uses of hypnosis in medicine and psychology include the modification or elimination of undesirable behaviour, such as smoking, and the treatment of certain chronic disorders, (anxiety), and phobias towards all sorts of everyday encounters, (spiders). In order to appreciate the whole area of hypnotherapy and how hypnosis is understood in the modern sense it is important to give a brief insight its history as hypnosis has been used for thousands of years for the purpose of healing and general well being. In ancient times hypnosis took many different forms, all making use of deep relaxation and trance to aid in the healing process. It wasn’t until the 1700’s, however, that Franz Anton Mesmer (1734-1815), a Viennese scientist believed that there was a cosmic liquid that flowed between people and as this was stimulated by magnets could be transmitted to others. He called this animal magnetism and even though there was no firm evidence that this existed, Mesmer did appear to achieve a very good success rate amongst his patients. It is through his treatments that the term “mesmerism” came into being. A second, and most notable figure in the history of hypnosis, is Marquis de Puysėgur (1751-1825), who was a French aristocrat and also a student of Mesmer. Puysėgur learned initially about mesmerism from his brother and became...
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...develop less or no resistance to changes that correspond to their visualizations. Visualizations create positive energy, inspiration and focus. (Kerklaan, 2011) In this paper I will provide an analysis of how I would have possibly responded to other stress management techniques along with their personal effectiveness while ranking them techniques. How do you think you would have responded to other stress management techniques? Ranked in order of personal effectiveness: Visualization Deep Breathing Progressive Muscle Relaxation Mediation Yoga Massage Therapy Hypnosis Visualization- I believe that visualization is a very effective stress management technique. This method has proven benefits related to workplace, family and personal stress for individuals. Visualization is a method that be done anywhere at any time making it effective for all individuals to be benefit from. The cost and time investment is minimal for an individual to utilize this method of stress management; typically just requiring a quiet place and about 15 to 20 minutes. Deep Breathing- This is a great technique that is very effective for stress...
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..."What is hypnosis?" Describe the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis and discuss the role of relaxation in hypnotherapy. In order to address the essay title I will begin looking at what hypnosis is. I will look at a brief history of hypnosis and how it has developed through the years, now being recognised as a form of therapy. I will explain how people experience physical and psychological changes during their experience of hypnosis and how relaxation plays a key role. I will also address how, due to the physical and psychological changes, hypnosis can be used as a treatment for illnesses. Finally, I will conclude how relaxation is an important aspect of hypnosis and, without it, we would find it extremely difficult to reach the unconscious state of mind where suggestions are accepted in order to make positive changes to thought patterns and behaviours. One of the earliest known uses of hypnosis was by "shamans" who were also known as "healers". The healing process would involve the Shamans being strongly focused with heightened concentration. They would take themselves into a "lower world" where they would use powerful visualisations and suggestion in order to will healing for a sick person. Following from that, in the 1700's, Franz Anton Mesmer introduced the theory of "animal magnetism". Mesmer believed that there was an astrological influence on human health and that this was presented in the form of "cosmic...
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...50,000AD to the modern day, throughout different cultures. After looking at the history of hypnosis, it will go on to describe the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis, giving reference to Beta, Alpha, Theta, and Delta waves, the four different brain waves, indicating an individuals mental state, which brain waves comes in to play during hypnosis and its relevance. Graham Wicks’ (1985 Toronto’s Annual International Society of Hypnosis convention) condensed concepts from previous various writers’ concepts, The multistate phenomenon, five states of hypnotic features, will be addressed, (Karle & Boys) as will Edmond Jacobson (1929) on the effects of muscle contractions between patients and the benefits of relaxation leading to the role of relaxation in hypnotherapy today and the use of progressive muscle relaxation techniques. Hypnosis goes back thousands of years to the Greeks and Egyptians. They used to put people in a trance-like state, to bring on dreams, so they could help with peoples problems. Hypnosis was also found amongst Shaman’s, which were also known as ‘witchdoctors’. Shamans were strongly focussed with a powerful process of suggestion and visualisation and will a sick person to be healed (Hadley and Staudacher, 1996). A more Westernised approach came around in the 1700s with an Austrian doctor called Franz Anton Mesmer (1733-1815), who became known as the grandfather of hypnosis. He came to develop the theory of animal magnetism. Mesmer believed...
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...2,147 words Hypnosis as it is practised refers to an interaction between two people, one of whom is identified as the hypnotist, the other as the subject/client, (P2 Hypnotherapy handbook, by Heap and Dryden). Hypnosis is a process in which psychological, mental emotions, reactions and behaviour are changed to improve health and positive wellbeing. During this essay I will talk about the history and what the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis are. Further to that I will be discussing the role of relaxation in hypnotherapy, why some of us are more susceptible and how hypnosis has been used in medicine, as well as the comparisons to hypnosis today. We have all been in a hypnotic state however most do not notice it because, at the time, it seemed a natural state of mind. However, the hypnotic state is natural for all humans and many animals. Neurologists believe that the left side of the brain is where the logical control centre of the brain exists (conscious mind), and the right side of the brain controls creativity (subconscious mind)(.website ,Hynosis.me.uk, hypnosis how does it work, clinical hypnosis and memory: guidelines for clinicians and forensic hypnosis by D. Corydon Hammond) This supports the idea that under hypnosis the conscious mind takes a back seat and the sub conscious mind takes over, e.g. when you are driving yourself along a familiar road past your exit, or you suddenly became aware of yourself behind the wheel and wondered where you were going...
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...“What is Hypnosis?” Describe the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis and discuss the role of relaxation in Hypnotherapy. “What is Hypnosis?” Describe the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis and discuss the role of relaxation in Hypnotherapy. Hypnosis is hard to define as there is much debate and discussion regarding its nature and its true effects. It can be argued that each individual’s experience of hypnosis is unique to them, different people for example are considered to be more susceptible to hypnosis than others and therefore it is hard to measure or assess. Hypnosis itself has developed over time and explanations and evidence provided have been dependent on the scientific and psychological methods of the time. Hypnosis in its most general terms can be described as ‘a relaxed and focused state of concentration brought about through the use of set techniques. These techniques are thought to enhance concentration and increase an individual’s responsiveness to suggestion in order to make beneficial changes to a person’s thought patterns, behaviour or their physiological state’ (Chrysalis, 2010, p 9). In this essay I will first give a very brief account of the history of the practice of hypnosis and then go on to describe the psychological and physical aspects of it. In the last section of the essay I will discuss the role of relaxation in hypnotherapy. Hypnosis in some form or another can be found throughout history and within different cultures...
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...been evident in many cultures. Whether it be hypnotic trance like states used by the Aboringines and the North American Indians or the theory of ‘animal magnetism’ as developed in Austria by Franz Mesmer. Mesmer’s initial work centred on applying magnets to his patient’s bodies, his belief being that the body contained fluid that ebbed and flowed according to the laws of magnetism. Mesmer’s theories evolved over time, during the 18th and 19th century’s a number of prominent practitioners (Faria, Puysegur, Braid, Esdaile, Elliotson, Liebeault, Bernheim and Freud) studied, expanded and improved on Mesmer’s concepts and experiences. During this period the theory shifted from magnets and magnetic flows to psychological force, progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) and suggestive implants. Today’s hypnosis has developed even further through the greater use of technology and a far better understanding of the way the brain, the conscious and subconscious mind works. The Physical and Psychological aspects of Hypnosis The brain operates in four main wave cycle groups namely Beta (15 to 40 cycles per second), Alpha (9 to 14 cycles per second), Theta (4 to 8 cycles per second) and Delta (1 to 4 cycles per second). On a daily basis we move in and out of all of these brain wave sequences many times a day. Whilst we complete conscious tasks such as critical thinking, writing, reading, conversation and socialising, the brain is in Beta phase. The brain moves into Alpha when we are in a relaxed...
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...lifestyle (Bull 1995). The patients are advised to integrate gymnastics of different types in their lifestyle, includ ing among others: aerobics, yoga, kickboxing and Pilates (Howell 2011). Pilates is an exercise method based on gentle phy sical movements integrated with focused mind. The physical aspect is designed to tone and increase the flexib ility of the muscles and joints and also includes developing good posture, balance and coordination. The psychological aspect is based on correct breathing and mental concentration (Field 2009) In this paper I will examine the beneficiary effects of Pilates as a mind and body training method. First, I will describe the development of the method and the uniqueness of Pilates in comparison to other physical exercising methods. Then, I will further examine the physical and psychological influence Pilates has on its practitioners, while referring to research difficulties that arise and I will conclude with my personal opinion. Developing the method The method was developed by Joseph H. Pilates. In his youth, Pilates suffered from rickets and other illnesses, later he became a gymnast and a hospital worker (Brookhisher 1999). Pilates started treating patients who were injured and became immobile during World War I. The method of Pilates does not require wide...
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...What is Hypnosis ? Describe the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis and discuss the role of relaxation in hypnotherapy. To many people the word hypnosis will often conjure up images of swinging fob watches and dramatic stage shows where people are compelled to behave in strange ways. Whilst very entertaining, the popular performance of stage hypnosis is very different to the essence of modern hypnosis and is mainly responsible for many misconceptions about hypnotism and hypnotherapy. (Waterfield 2004) In order to understand modern hypnosis, it is necessary to look to the past in order to identify and trace its origins. Waterfield writes about examples from history thought to be an indication of early hypnosis in many different cultures, including ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, India and even Australia, but dismisses many of these as unrelated and unproven in many cases. Modern hypnosis in the Western Hemisphere is believed to have started with Franz Anton Mesmer. Born in Iznang, which is now part of Germany, in 1734, Mesmer studied philosophy, theology, music, maths and law before deciding on a medical career. He worked extensively in Vienna and as a result of influences by the mystic physician Paracelsus he began to develop ideas of an invisible fluid in the body which affected health. Initially, he used magnets to manipulate the fluid and ‘magnetise’ his patients. Healing sessions with individual patients progressed to group sessions and Mesmer came...
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