...body only relies on this factors in order to execute running, there are also many other factors. These three factors that contribute to an efficient running are; cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular endurance, and sprint or explosive power. Cardiorespiratory endurance can be defined as the ability of the heart and lungs to absorb, transport, and use oxygen in the body during strenuous or intense exercise. Muscle endurance, on the other hand, is the strength of the human body to continuously use muscular strength while enduring repeated contractions for a long period of time. Explosive power is the capability of the body muscle to contract and develop over a short period of time to release energy. Cardiorespiratory endurance, the ability to absorb, transport and utilize oxygen in the body is the final factor that can increase the performance of the more run. Cardiorespiratory endurance exercise such as aerobics should be initiated for every more run if he or she is to be successful. These exercises increase endurance by increasing the lungs volume and strengthening the heart muscles. Cardiorespiratory endurance training enhances the capability and efficiency of the body to absorb and transport oxygen to the body muscles. This allows the muscle to work for long duration without fatigue thereby improving the performance of the more run. Cardiorespiratory endurance, when enforced with physical exercise, is attributed to increase the dense capillarity network in the lungs and other...
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...C H A P T E R NO 11 Training in Sports | Meaning and Concept of Sports Training :- Training means a process of preparation for some particular task and Sports Training is a continuous & systematic process which based on scientific principles for preparing a sportsperson for the higher performance in the particular sports competitions . Systematic training improves the fitness level for their sports achievement . In order to achieve best results in sports , a systematic and regular training is necessary with the help of special rehabilitation treatment , use of extra training , extra competitions, assessment of performance , special nutrition and psychological training etc. So, we can say that Sports Training is a systematic and regular process which is generally used for long duration to get the highest performance in sports . PRINCIPLES OF SPORTS TRAINING Sports training is a systematic process of preparing sportspersons for higher performance in sports . The whole process of training can be successful with the help of Sports Medicine , Sports Psychology , Sports Bio-mechanics , Sports Sociology , Exercise Physiology etc. The Important PRINCIPLES OF SPORTS TRAINING are described below for the proper formulation of the training process :- 1) The Principle of general and specific preparation:- General preparation serves as the base of specific preparation . As a matter of fact ...
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...Review Exercise induced fatigue forms the basis for this study. We are looking to achieve both physiological and neuromuscular fatigue in our subjects, to simulate in-game conditions in their various sports. By observing their landing kinetics and kinematics, we will find how greatly fatigue can affect them, with regard to landing from a jump. By inducing fatigue in our subjects, observing their landing mechanics and applying the results to the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) Test we will be able to tell just how much of an effect fatigue can have on the subjects. The implications being that if the results differ significantly an athlete should work on their landing mechanics in order to help prevent a future injury. 1. Fatigue...
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...Exercise hyperemia occurs during heavy skiing and vigorous muscular excerises; it refers to the rise in blood flow to the skeletal muscles (Bergh & Forsberg, 2008). The activity occurs as a consequence of cell metabolism and is therefore known as functional or active hyperemia. It implies an increase in blood flow to al the body organs that experience a heightened parenchymal cell...
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...------------------------------------------------- My Fitness Program ------------------------------------------------- Hour 3 ------------------------------------------------- Wednesday, November 07, 2007 ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- I took this class because I take my physical health seriously. Even before I started this school year, I had been training 4 days a week, learning about many different systems of martial arts. Good physical health means having muscle strength, muscle endurance, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, and core strength. ------------------------------------------------- Muscular strength is the ability to exert maximum force. Muscular endurance is the ability to repeat a lift many times. Improving muscular strength and endurance makes completing daily tasks easier. If anyone ever needed help moving furniture, or any other heavy objects, I will be able to help because of the strength training I’ve done. Also, muscular strength and endurance gives obvious advantages in the martial arts, such as striking power, and the ability to overpower someone when grappling. In other words, if a...
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...skeletal muscle fiber. * Slow –twitch muscle fiber (type I) are oxygen-dependent , produces low force, are slow to fatigue and can contract for longer periods of time. * Fast-twitch muscle fiber (type II) –produces large amounts of force, contract rapidly, are not oxygen dependent but are fast to fatigue. * 2. Cardiac muscle tissue – involuntary muscle tissue which exists only in the heart and facilitates the pumping of the blood through the body. * 3. Smooth muscle tissue – involuntary muscle tissue that lines some of the internal organs, blood vessels and moves food through the stomach and intestines. Connective tissue * Tendons – Each skeletal muscle is surrounded by a sheet of connective tissue that draws together at the ends of the muscle forming tendons. Tendons attach muscles to bones. * Ligaments – Fibrous, connective tissue that connects bone to bone Muscle structure * Within each skeletal muscle there are individual muscle cells called muscle fibers which are connected in bundles. Each muscle fiber extends the length of the muscle. Within each muscle fiber are smaller units called myofibrils. Each myofibril consists of many sarcomeres. The sarcomeres contain proteins called actin and myosin. Sarcomeres are responsible for muscle contraction. The actin and myosin filaments slide across each other to cause muscular contraction. 3 Types of Muscle Contractions * Isometric – A muscle contraction with no change in muscle length...
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...diets via carnosine, enserine or balenine. Beta-alanine can enter a muscle cell and increase carnosine levels, which leads to enhanced intracellular buffering and reduced acid accumulation during exercise. The results of beta-alanine supplementation may be improvement in performance, greater training adaptation and faster healing, muscle recovery and muscle contraction. Claims being made Beta alanine is an amino acid that is claimed to raise muscle carnosine and increase the amount of work you can perform at high intensities. Many advertisements are selling the beta-alanine supplement as a newcomer that reduces symptoms of fatigue. They suggest the supplement is very beneficial during high intensity weight lifting or sprinting. Many websites selling the beta-alanine products have listed researches that support the claims but most of the researches do not have the studies cited. That is a example of earmark of quackery where the sellers in order to sell the product make up a research and create the results that attract costumers and convince them to believe that supplement is effective. Knowing from human physiology, intramuscular acidosis has been one of the main reasons of fatigue during the high intensity exercises. Carnosine, which is synthesized from in skeletal muscles from l-histidine and beta-alanine, on the other hand has been shown to be the main regulator of muscle pH. Availability of beta-alanine is the rate-limiting factor of carnosine synthesis and therefore...
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...SPHE314 WK 4 MIDTERM QUIZ Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwaid.com/shop/sphe314-wk-4-midterm-quiz/ Part 1 of 1 - 94.8/ 94.799 Points Question 1 of 37 2.6/ 2.6 Points The multiple functions of the muscular system are performed by ______________type(s) of muscle: A.2 B.3 C.4 D.1 Question 2 of 37 2.6/ 2.6 Points Which of the following is NOT considered a fuel nutrient? A.carbohydrate B.fat C.water D.protein Question 3 of 37 2.6/ 2.6 Points The layer of connective tissue surrounding the outside of the muscle is called: A.perimysium B.carbohydrate C.sarcomysium D.epimysium Question 4 of 37 2.6/ 2.6 Points Protein can supply about 5 to 10% of the total energy needs during: A.sprinting activities B.prolonged exercise C.all types of exercise D.weightlifting Question 5 of 37 2.6/ 2.6 Points The two main components of the nervous system are: A.the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system B.the brain and the spinal cord C.the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system D.the efferent and afferent divisions of the nervous system Question 6 of 37 2.6/ 2.6 Points The autonomic nervous system can be divided into two functional and anatomical divisions called: A.sympathetic and unsympathetic B.sympathetic and parasympathetic C.afferent and efferent D.CNS and peripheral Question 7 of 37 2.6/ 2.6 Points Using an insulated, airtight chamber with walls...
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...complex, which is a 3-dimensional space with muscular boundaries: diaphragm (superior), abdominal and oblique muscles (anterior-lateral), paraspinal and gluteal muscles (posterior), and pelvic floor and hip girdle (inferior) (Akuthota V, Nadler SF, 2004). Core stability is the product of motor control and muscular capacity of the lumbo-pelvic hip complex (Leetun et al. 2004). Core stability requires adroitness in addition to core strength and endurance (Liemohn et al. 2005), It also requires that the abdominal muscular endurance and strength and torso balance are important for trunk stability, it should also be notated that appropriate posture and body movements during sports...
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...investigating the components of fitness, training methods and the FITT principles. This report will evaluate the effectiveness of the training sessions conducted in class this term for biathlon in relation to improvement of my individual performance. THE COMPONENTS OF FITNESS RELATING TO BIATHLON The Biathlon was made up of a 200m swim followed by a 1km run. The components of fitness relating to this Biathlon were as follows: CARDIOVASCULAR / RESPIRATORY ENDURANCE Cardiovascular / Respiratory Endurance (CRE) is the ability of your body systems to gather, process and deliver oxygen to your muscles. Your cardiorespiratory system, which is made up of your heart, lungs and circulatory system, needs to work together efficiently. You need to have good CRE for aerobic exercise. The running and swimming legs of the biathlon are both aerobic exercises. The energy needed to do aerobic exercise is supplied aerobically which needs your heart and lung and blood system to supply oxygen to the working muscles throughout the biathlon. Since running and swimming in the biathlon are both aerobic activities, you have to have to have good CRE to succeed in the race. Especially to last the full 200m swim and then be able to continue on to do the 1km run. Having a high level of CRE delays the onset of fatigue aswell. This means that your work rate stays high so you can finish both the swimming and the running legs of the race without tiring out. 1. What training we did for this component? 2...
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...Muscular System The muscular system is made up muscles, joints, tendons, bones, ligaments and connective tissue that help to support the body’s internal organs. They work together to perform a variety of functions. These include; stability, posture, motion, heat, circulation and digestion within the body. Essentially the muscular system provides power for movement of all body parts. It is the muscles within our body which provide us with movement via contractions and without this vital system life would completely stop. Stability and posture Our skeletal muscles attach to our bones through tendons where bones act as levers. This causes our muscles to contract, relax, effectively it controls the bone. Muscles also provide strength for stability and posture by allowing the bones to align properly. If muscles are too tight or loose then this causes the bones to become misaligned which creates poor posture. Skeletal muscles can be stretched or strengthened to support the bone correctly, allowing maximal stability. Finally, skeletal muscles are also important for providing the body with balance and coordination which is also important because they aid fluid body movement for physical skill performance which is key when taking part in sport. Good balance and coordination also improves posture and prevents injury because you will have good postural responses to a stimulus e.g putting your hands in front of your face to protect yourself. http://www.childdevelopment.com.au/home/90 ...
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...prevention of occupational injuries. The aim of the research is to develop occupational injuries measures to prevent accidents at the plant. You must systematically analyze and summarize their reasons. Analysis of the causes of injury allows them to share the organizational, technical, physiological and sanitary. Organizational: violation of legislation on health and safety , requirements , guidelines , rules and regulations , lack of or poor briefing , failure measures for safety, untimely repair or replacement of faulty and outdated equipment. Specifications: non-compliance of safety or fault of production equipment, tools and protective, equipment design flaws. Psychophysiological: erroneous actions of the employee as a result of fatigue, excessive severity and intensity of work, monotony of work, disease state negligence. Sanitation: excessive levels of noise, vibration, adverse weather conditions, the high content in the air of the working area of hazardous substances, the presence of different radiation above the allowable values, insufficient or inefficient lighting violation of the rules of personal hygiene. Research Methods occupational injuries: The statistical method is based on the analysis of statistical data on injuries that accumulated in the company or in the industry for several years. Data from this analysis are contained in the acts of the form N-1 and the records of companies. The statistical method allows all accidents and causes of injuries grouped...
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...called stamina. • Muscular strength is the amount of force a muscle can exert against a resistance. • Muscular endurance is the ability to use voluntary muscles many times without becoming tired. • Flexibility is the range of movement possible at a joint. It helps performers to stretch and reach further. • Body composition is the percentage of body weight which is fat, muscle or bone. It helps sportspeople depending on the type of sport they play, eg heavy rugby players are more effective in the scrum than lightweight players, but light long distance runners will always beat heavyweights. SRF components • Agility - the ability to change the position of the body quickly and with control. This helps team players dodge their opponents. • Balance - the ability to retain the centre of mass above the base of support when stationary (static balance) or moving (dynamic balance). • Co-ordination - the ability to use two or more body parts together. This helps all athletes to move smoothly and quickly especially when also having to control a ball. • Power - the ability to use strength at speed. This helps athletes to jump high, throw far or sprint quickly. Power = Strength x Speed. • Reaction time - the time between the presentation of a stimulus and the onset of a movement. • Speed is the rate at which an individual is able to perform a movement or cover a distance in a period of time or how quickly an individual can move. SPORT • Specificity – training must be matched...
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...A common symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS) is muscle weakness. For many years, patients with MS were told to avoid physical activity and exercise. Now it is believed that exercising with regularity can limit the deconditioning process without a triggering or exacerbation of disease symptoms or relapse (1). Because lower body weakness is common in patients with MS, exercise programs that focus on leg strength, moving ability and fatigue showed significant improvements in knee extensor and plantar flexor muscle forces and walking performance (3). An effective exercise training program for people with MS would include aerobic exercise, resistance training, and balance training. Aerobic training should occur 2 to 5 times a week on days the...
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...Antioxidants, Bone Health, and Metabolic Process in Bodybuilding Antioxidants are molecules that inhibit the oxidation of other molecules. Oxidation is a chemical reaction that transfers electrons and hydrogen from a substance to an oxidizing agent. Oxidation reactions can produce free radicals and in turn, these radicals can start negative chain reactions. When these chain reactions occur in cells they can cause damage to the cell’s DNA that in turn causes muscle, joint, and tendon damage and inflammation. Antioxidants terminate these chain reactions by removing free radical intermediates, and inhibit other oxidation reactions. Antioxidants such as vitamin C and E can play an important role in reducing inflammation, fatigue, tissue damage, and both prevent and treat injuries. This can play a major role when trying to gain muscle mass due to the fact that your muscles break down when working out. Antioxidants are a vital supplement for athletes as well as body builders. When you exercise heavily in any form, your body actually produces free radicals because your energy systems and metabolism are working at such a high capacity. Taking antioxidant supplements daily can reduce the chances of these free radicals harming your cell production and tissue growth and repair. One of the most important antioxidants that athletes as well as the general public should consume daily is Vitamin C. Your body uses large amounts of vitamin C to fight off infections, colds, and disease and other...
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