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THE COMPETITIVE FORCES AFFECTING INDUSTRY MEMBERS: PORTER’S FIVE-FORCES MODEL FOR ANALYSIS

Pressure from Buyer Bargaining Power--High

The three components that make up the “buyers” of beer are made up of distributors/wholesales, retailers/restaurants, and consumers. Distributor/wholesalers embody an essential link in the market channel for breweries here in the US given regulations prohibiting the sale of beer directly to both retailers and consumers. Thus, distributors/wholesalers have quite a bit of bargaining power and can impact market share by way of their support, marketing, and promotions depending on the incentives offered by the manufacturer.

Retailers and restaurants are another cog of the buyer channel. The main goal of the retailer is to drive traffic through their stores in order to improve sales and, coincidentally, balancing profit margins. As a result, retailers are looking to stock their shelves or bars with the beer products that are selling with a recent focus on more sub-premium brands due to the recent economic situation, as well as supporting their growth of craft beers which have been outgrowing the industry and offer higher average selling prices as well as higher margins.

Lastly, consumers ultimately drive the preferences of both the distributor and the retailer channel as they are the end “user” of the beer beverage. With the plethora of beverage choices in the market, both alcoholic and non-alcoholic, along with the consumer becoming increasingly knowledgeable, several themes have played out impacting the industry: As noted above, consumers are trading up to craft beers given consumers are drinking less as a whole and looking for more flavor when they do. Thus, the newness, interest in experimentation with unusual flavors, and, often, the desire to support local business is driving a shift to the smaller brewers. At the same

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