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My Personal Traits

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Submitted By loveamor
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Amor, John Anthony Y. Mr. Lopez
BSIT-1A

CRITIQUE PAPER

Transmission Media is the physical path between transmitter and receiver. The transmission media that are used to convey information can be classified as guided or unguided. Guided media provide a physical path along which the signals are propagated; these include twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber. Unguided media employ an antenna for transmitting through air, vacuum, or water. Bandwidth, transmission impairments, interference and number of receiver are just one of the design factors of transmission media, wherein in Bandwidth all other factors are remained constant. Transmission impairments, Impairments, such as attenuation, limit the distance. For guided media, twisted pair generally suffers more impairment than coaxial cable, which in turn suffers more than optical fiber. Interference from competing signals in overlapping frequency bands can distort or wipe out a signal. Number of receivers a guided medium can be used to construct a point-to- point link or a shared link with multiple attachments. Traditionally, twisted pair has been the workhorse for communications of all sorts. Twisted pair comes in two varieties: unshielded and shielded. Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) is ordinary telephone wire. This is the least expensive of all the transmission media commonly used for local area networks and is easy to work with and easy to install. Unshielded twisted pair is subject to external electromagnetic interference, in- cluding interference from nearby twisted pair and from noise generated in the environment. This shielded twisted pair (STP) provides better performance at higher data rates. However, it is more expensive and more difficult to work with than unshielded twisted pair. Coaxial cable is widely used as a means of distributing TV signals to individual homes cable TV. However, the tremendous capacity of optical fiber has made that medium more attractive than coaxial cable, and thus optical fiber has taken over much of the market for high-speed LANs and for long-distance applications. Unguided transmission techniques commonly used for information com- munications include broadcast radio, terrestrial microwave, and satellite. Infrared transmission is used in some LAN applications. Terrestrial microwave is most common type of microwave antenna is the parabolic “dish.” Broadcast radio have principal difference between broadcast radio and microwave is that the former is omnidirectional and the latter is directional.Thus broadcast radio does not require dish-shaped antennas, and the antennas need not be rigidly mounted to a precise alignment. Infrared uses transmitters/receivers (transceivers) that modulate noncoherent infrared light. Infrared does not penetrate walls.

Network topology is the arrangement of the various elements like links , nodes and etc. of a computer network and may be depicted physically or logically. Physical topology is the placement of the various components of a network, it includes device location and cable installation. Logical topology is the one to illustrates how data flows within a network, regardless to its physical design. Bus, Ring, Star are the three basic configuration that are used to connect computers.

Bus topology, all devices are connected to a central cable, called a backbone. Ring topology, all devices are connected to each other in a ring shape. Data travels only in one direction in a ring shape. Star topology, all devices are connected to a central hub or switch. This is the most popular configuration.

A hub is usually a small rectangular box, often made of plastic, which receives its power from an ordinary wall outlet Ethernet hubs are by far the most common type, but hubs for other types of networks such as USB (Universal serial bus) also exist. A hub includes a series of ports that each accepts a network cable. Three different types of hubs exist: Passive, Active, Intelligent. Passive hubs do not amplify the electrical signal of incoming packets before broadcasting them out to the network. Active hubs amplify the electrical signal of incoming packets back to their original level before broadcasting them back out on the network. An intelligent hub is typically stackable (built in such a way that multiple units can be placed one on top of the other to conserve space).

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