...Holbein, Sir Thomas More, 1527 A meter of four verses in the Utopian tongue, briefly touching as well the strange beginning, as also the happy and wealthy continuance, of the same commonwealth. Utopos ha Boccas peula chama polta chamaan. Bargol he maglomi Baccan soma gymnosophaon, Agrama gymnosophon labarem bacha bodamilomin. Volvala barchin heman la lavolvala dramme pagloni. Cornelius Graphey1 to the Reader Wilt thou know what wonders strange be in the land that late was found? Wilt thou learn thy life to lead by divers ways that godly be? Wilt thou of virtue and of vice understand the very ground? Wilt thou see this wretched world, how full it is of vanity? Then read and mark and bear in mind, for thy behoof, as thou may best. All things that in this present work that worthy clerk Sir Thomas More, With wit divine full learnedly, unto the world hath plain expressed, In whom London well glory may, for wisdom and for godly lore. Which verses the translator, according to his simple knowledge and mean understanding in the Utopian tongue hath thus rudely Englished. and Utopus by name, My king muchconquererand immortal fame, A prince of renown Hath made me an isle that erst no island was, Full fraught with worldly wealth, with pleasure and solace. I one of all other without philosophy Have shaped for man a philosophical city. As mine I am nothing dangerous to impart, So better to receive I am ready with all my heart. * Excerpted and images added by the National Humanities...
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...rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper co Designed by Heather Hensley Typeset in Minion Pro by Keystone Typesetting, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data appear on the last printed page of this book. THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED WITH LOVE TO JulieWalwick (1959-2010) Contents ix Acknowledgments INTRODUCTION i The Problem with Work i CHAPTF1 37 Mapping the Work Ethic CHAPTER 2 79 Marxism, Productivism, and the Refusal of Work CHAPTER 3 113 Working Demands: From Wages for Housework to Basic Income CHAPTER 4 151 "Hours for What We Will": Work, Family, and the Demand for Shorter Hours 5 CHAPTER 175 The Future Is Now: Utopian Demands and the Temporalities of Hope EPILOGUE 227 A Life beyond Work 235 255 Notes References 275 Index Acknowledgments thank the following friends and colleagues for their helpful feedback on versions of these arguments and portions of the manuscript: Anne Allison, Courtney Berger, Tina Campt, ChristineDiStefano, Greg Grandin, Judith Grant, Michael Hardt, Stefano Harney, Rebecca I would like to Karl, Ranji Khanna, Corey Robin, Rudy, Karen Kathy Stuhldreher, and Robyn Wiegman. Thanks also go to Robert Adelman, Brittany Faullmer, Dennis Keenan, Marcie Patton, the Seattle FOJ, Julie Walwick, Cat Warren and David Auerbach, Diana Weeks, Lee Weeks, and Regan Weeks. An earlier version of a portion ofchapter 2...
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...common topics that both short stories explore. In “The Lottery”, people kill Tessie Hutchinson because she is the unlucky citizen. The residents of that town throw stones at her until she actually dies. No one tries to stop all these people from killing her, not even her own family. The only person who speaks up at last minute is Tessie. When she feels the fear of death, she speaks up and says, “It isn't fair” (Jackson). Everyone knows that it is not fair, but no one tries to stop this custom because they haven’t felt the danger yet. It is just another day for them, and this is the reason why they do not understand the real problem. People live the utopian life, full of happiness and joy. Even if they know about the child who suffers, they don’t try to help. They recognize that if something changes, they are not going to have the same utopian life as they have now. That’s why, individuals prefer not to talk about it, and just continue their lives in Omela or in a different place, far from Omela, “They leave Omelas, they walk ahead into the darkness, and they do not come back” (Le Quin 4). From the time when citizens meet the young kid, their feelings are multiple. Some people stay in Omala, trying to forget about the suffering child, and others leave, without saying anything to...
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...（1） In 1945, just after World War II, the alliance between the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union ended. An intense rivalry between communist and non-communist nations led to the Cold War. It's called the Cold War because it never led to armed or "hot" conflict. At the end of World War II, at the Yalta Conference, Germany was divided into four occupied zones controlled by Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States. Berlin was also divided into four sections. Lack of a mutual agreement on German re-unification was a important background of the Cold War. And on March 5, 1946, Winston Churchill, gave his "iron curtain" speech while at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri, which marked the start of the Cold War. The cold war did not end until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. During this period, the United States and the USSR confronted each other in politics, economy, ideology, and so on. And they nearly divided this world into two camps, socialist camp and capitalist camp, what made the conflict on ideology especially sharp. Every incident in the world could not happened without reasons, and the original cause may happened quite long ago. So there are long term causes and short causes of the Cold War. One of the short term causes is that the US President had a personal dislike of the Soviet leader Josef Stalin. At the Potsdam Conference starting in late July 1945, serious differences emerged over the future development of Germany and...
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...4 March: City of God – Utopian Reader – include a little bit on it – 22 volumes in all. Christianity – Augustine – classicly trained greek scholar. City in north Africa. Story like apostle Paul – orginially a person who persecuted Christians – north African wealth family from – found enlightenment in Christianity. Once he joined became one of the early scholars trained in greek – regulized Christian theology. Influence on western world – top four or five who influenced. Confessions and City of God his writings…look up! What’s the purpose of improving human society – complex – why do it? Can human society be made better? Why bother, what is the point, justification? Takes effort, misery involved, change, unknowns, takes energy, takes risks. HAPPINESS – justification for improving society. What do you have to have to be happy? What is happiness – PHI 101 – happiness according to whom? Lack of misery; literally the elimination of misery. Secondly, food – gives pleasure – Happiness is lack of human misery and maximizing /pleasure and happiness. Bliss 24/7 – hedonism Epicureanism – eliminating misery and maximizing happiness. The justification of utopianism = why did plato want the republic? Justisifcation for improving human society among the Greeks? Poor always poor, always unhappy, death claims everyone - it is rational to maximize pleasure and eliminate misery. Do eternally accouding to plato. Opinions – 1. Relativism is a retreat in the 20th century. Can’t...
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...easily shaped. Growing up with certain ideas and beliefs installed in them makes it less likely that they will forget the law. They were also taught to fear the House of Corrections. In the event that they broke a rule, they knew that they would be punished. When the council burned Saint of the Pyre alive, all of it is just for show. It demonstrates, “This is what happens when you challenge the council”. They were using him as an example. People feel the the need to establish their authority, power, and dominance over others. The “purpose” of a utopian society is to provide _______, a means of shelter built on the foundation of like-minded values, ideas, and/or beliefs of how the world, specifically the functions and interactions of humans, should operate. But in order to achieve that, sacrifices have to made, e.g. rights, freedoms, etc. Everyone is given a metal bracelet with their “name”, a trait, followed by a series of numbers. Their name was a constant reminder of what the world was lacking. The number takes away your identity. It says, “You’re nothing special. You don’t matter. There were many before you and many more to come. You can easily be...
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...The True Meaning to The Minister’s Black Veil A utopian society is thought of as an amazing place. In a utopian society everyday is always a beautiful familiar day, but a land where you can’t show your own beliefs or self expression does not sound that great. The Minister’s Black Veil by Nathaniel Hawthorne tells the story of a man known as Reverend Hooper. One day he begins to wear a black veil for some reason unknown to the citizens of the town. The citizens all begin to try and figure out why he now wears this black veil, and in this confusion chaos descends onto the town and Reverend Hooper. It is pretty obvious that Hawthorne is trying to show the flaws with a society that is supposed to be perfect, yet is so easily shattered to chaos...
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...Subject Code: APBL20045 | Subject Name: City Future | Student ID Number: 563013 | Student Name: Joel Madeira | Assignment Name or Number: Final essay | With reference to at least one work of fiction, critically discuss how science and technology feature in utopian or dystopian planning of future cities. The city of the future needs to change. With the population increasing at a rapid pace, more and more people favor to live in urbanized area. The result of the urban population explosion means that there is a need to change the physical dimension or space in cities, in order to cope with such a large amount of people. Cities will be dramatically restricted with the aid of science fiction and technology. This paper investigates how Ecumenopolis, the science fiction concept of city layout could be implanted or influence the future of cities, followed by how technology such as: transportation and telecommunication, could help satisfy social needs, which may again reshape the structure of cities in the future, finally by using examples from science fiction theme movies and novels to illustrate how humans could reshape their future cities and whether these advanced innovations would lead to a utopian or dystopian society. The most crucial element that cities of the future would face is in relation to the increasing population. It is unavoidable that for the next few decades, global population growth will escalate intensely. According to Vidal (2012), by 2050, 7 billion of...
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...Frankfurt School of Finance & Management Julian Fink Commentary Sheet Name: Florent Islami Text: ‘Child Labor: A Normative Perspective’ - Why Some Things Should Not Be For Sale, pp. 155-169 Thesis: Child Labor – if unavoidable – needs to be incorporated by a formal institution Child Labor is one of the most severe issues we have to face worldwide. Even though there was a significant decrease of child laborers in the past years, still over half of them suffer under dangerous and hazardous work (Nowakowski, 2015). We claim to strongly disapprove of and avoid child labor, but in fact, there are many cases in which western consumers greatly tolerated products which contained materials produced by child workers (e.g. Toor, 2016). In Why Some Things Should Not Be on Sale Debra Satz offers an approach for a normative perspective on child labor. On a humanitarian basis, she emphasizes the inevitable trade-off of values that both parents and the state are facing in regard to child labor. Of course, child labor is a global issue which cannot be tackled within days nor is there a key strategy to forever remove it from the world. Simply banning it under any circumstances will not necessarily lead to total abolition of the issue. Further, ignoring the fact that child labor happens every day or regarding it as a mere symptom of poverty and cultural issues will not help eliminating it as well. My goal here is not to give an instruction on how to permanently banish child...
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...Fairy tales have dominated a majority of my childhood, and even to this day, they are still constantly in my life. When I was young, my mother read and showed me countless stories, and I would always dress up as my favorite princess and reenact the fairy tale. In particular, the lasting impressions fairy tales have on me are mainly through the works of Disney. It is through Disney in which I first learned about fairy tales, as well as witnessed my favorite stories come to life. However, Disney aren’t the originators of the stories. They adapt stories from Charles Perrault, Brothers Grimm, Hans Christian Andersen and many more. Despite that, when the term fairy tale is mentioned, almost everyone would immediately associate it to Disney. Thus,...
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... But as it is often the case, the devil is in the details, and we have to take a closer look at other aspects that could lead us to the answer. We could for example ask ourselves in which time period we should categorize the early modern era. This is the parting of the ways, but we can set a round figure if we put our focus on the time after the late middle age, from 1500 to 1800. During this period of time people were not only developing there sense for new, and for that time unknown things, such as the human body but also evolving theories and a new philosophies of how fundamental things should work in society. At this point it might be the case that the question of what this facts have to do with cross dressing, could occur. As mentioned before, medical researches evolved, and people came up with new theories in order to form a so called standard for a society. A society that we can surely now categorize as one with somehow artifice moral values. One of these Theories is the “one-sex model” or “one-sex theory”. In this theory, superior in the eighteenth century, it was a common belief that women and men were having two different forms of one fundamental sex. Furthermore, women were seen to have exactly the same body structure as men, the only difference was that the female sexual organs were inside the body, and not outside like it is the case with the male anatomy. According to Thomas Laqueur in his book...
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...000 Leagues under the sea), T. H. Huxley’s, (Theory of Biogenesis), and Charles Darwin’s, (The Descendant of Man) [Novel Guide]. These works would account for the large amount of description that the time traveler uses throughout the book. With H. G. Wells’ novella, “The Time Machine,” this book has been a huge influence over the science fiction society of the recent century. This book was a large stepping-stone for thousands of stories and films. The mood of this book is a serious one, but it is not all dark and gloomy, the Time Traveler often makes many jokes in order to lighten the setting of his situation and for his readers enjoyment. He offers realistic details of what is happening to entice the readers to get more into the story. In the novel the main character is nameless, and often powerless, which leads me to believe that the work is a scientific romance. This provides for the most important theme of “The Time Machine,” where H.G. Wells questions the assumption that most people held in the 19th century, (this still lives on to this day) that all of humankind will continue to advance, and that the evolutionary process in society and culture follow a circular pattern of events. Throughout the book there is no...
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...1998. Shakespearean Criticism. Ed. Michelle Lee. Vol. 82. Detroit: Gale, 2004. From Literature Resource Center. Critical essay Full Text: COPYRIGHT 2004 Gale, COPYRIGHT 2007 Gale, Cengage Learning [(essay date 1998) In the following essay, Wiles examines the festive and carnivalesque elements in A Midsummer Night's Dream. According to the critic, the play was historically part of an "aristocratic carnival" used to celebrate weddings in upper-class society.] Carnival theory did not begin with Bakhtin, and we shall understand Bakhtin's position more clearly if we set it against classical theories of carnival.1 From the Greek world the most important theoretical statement is to be found in Plato: The gods took pity on the human race, born to suffer as it was, and gave it relief in the form of religious festivals to serve as periods of rest from its labours. They gave us as fellow revellers the Muses, with Apollo their leader, and Dionysus, so that men might restore their way of life by sharing feasts with gods.2 This is first a utopian theory, maintaining that carnival restores human beings to an earlier state of being when humans were closer to the divine. And second, it associates carnival with communal order. Plato argues that festive dancing creates bodily order, and thus bodily and spiritual well-being. He clarifies his orderly view of carnival by dissenting from an alternative view, relating specifically to the worship of Dionysus, which maintains that Hera caused Dionysus...
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...Keesan P Pascal 1 Mr. Davis th PreAP Literature 11 11/11/2015 Sadists And Their Destruction Ken Kesey, Edith Wharton, and Tom Schulman all have created literary works involving the sadistic enforcer of conformity. These characters take pleasure in the terror and pain they instill in those who reside under them and have been also shown to go to quite drastic and destructive measures to ensure the conformity of the populace they command, even completely destroying someone’s life for “the good of all.” Within these works Kesey, Wharton, and Schulman use the sadistic Nurse Ratched, Zeena, and Headmaster Nolan to show their use of drastic methods to enforce conformity and the destruction of characters’ lives to show this. Nurse Ratched takes a certain sadistic motherly pleasure in her position of conformist enforcement on the ward. As soon as her entrance in the first scene Chief Bromden interprets her expression during her walk to her office as being “pleased and peaceful with the thought”(Kesey 4) of her duties for the day, which involve watching over the patients of the ward. She orders and controls the patients in a manner that diminishes their masculinity, and she takes pleasure in the fear that she causes and the power she commands. Another instance of this is when Nurse Ratched remembers the time when she had a patient named Taber (who she eventually made docile through electroshock therapy treatm...
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...Urban and Regional Research Debates and Developments The Right to the City DAVID HARVEY The city, the noted urban sociologist Robert Park once wrote, is: man's most consistent and on the whole, his most successful attempt to remake the world he lives in more after his heart's desire. But, if the city is the world which man created, it is the world in which he is henceforth condemned to live. Thus, indirectly, and without any clear sense of the nature of his task, in making the city man has remade himself. The right to the city is not merely a right of access to what already exists, but a right to change it after our heart's desire. We need to be sure we can live with our own creations (a problem for every planner, architect and utopian thinker). But the right to remake ourselves by creating a qualitatively different kind of urban sociality is one of the most precious of all human rights. The sheer pace and chaotic forms of urbanization throughout the world have made it hard to reflect on the nature of this task. We have been made and re-made without knowing exactly why, how, wherefore and to what end. How then, can we better exercise this right to the city? The city has never been a harmonious place, free of confusions, conflicts, violence. Only read the history of the Paris Commune of 1871, see Scorsese's fictional depiction of The Gangs of New York in the 1850s, and think how far we have come. But then think of the violence that has divided Belfast, destroyed Beirut...
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