...Globalisation is not new. Australia has been involved in trade, investment, financial flows, technology transfers and the migration of labour since its foundation as a colony. What has changed is the size, direction and influence of these transfers, especially since 1980. There are a number of factors that have aided this transformation. They include: • The expansion of new markets – foreign exchange and capital markets are linked globally. They operate 24 hours a day with dealings any where in the world possible in real time. Financial deregulation and the floating of the Australian dollar since 1983 intensified the impact of globalisation on the Australian economy. • New technology and the tools of globalisation – the internet, email, mobile phones, media and communication networks have all sped up the process of globalisation. They have increased the spread and speed of knowledge transfer and communication. Australian consumers can buy products from any nation in the world, transfer funds between accounts or purchase shares in any major market. Australian businesses can market their products at a fraction of the cost and be exposed to a global market place of competition. This potentially is the closest we will ever come to the perfect market. • New institutional players – The World Trade Organisation (WTO) has growing authority over national governments, as does the IMF with its restrictions and controls it can impose on nations requiring assistance. Multinational...
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...made about the actual or preferred character of the Australian people and national culture. These embellishments were promoted by a relatively small coterie of elites, as Mark Lopez has painstakingly documented,1 and became standard formulations used in official accounts of Australian national identity and citizenship. While the sting has gone out of multiculturalism and the national debate has moved on to issues of citizenship and refugee policy, multicultural formulations still inform official documents. According to this view, Australia is now made up of people of diverse cultures that should be given equal status with the Australian mainstream. Australian citizenship is then invoked as the glue that binds these different groups into a national unity. The multicultural account of Australia as a nation of diverse cultural groups has been taken over by the Australian Citizenship Council in its prescriptions for Australian Citizenship for a New Century.2 The Citizenship Council eschews any notion of common national identity or shared culture in favour of 'public acceptance of diversity' and abstract civic values. Such values underpin citizenship, according to the Citizenship Council, and these together define and unite Australians. In the following paper we give a critical account of the evolution of multicultural policy and...
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...AUSTRALIAN LEGAL SYSTEM IN CONTEXT BLB1101 Semester 1 2014 Table of contents Topic Page number Unit rationale and learning outcomes 3 Calendars – lectures and tutorial workshops 4 Tutorial workshop exercises 5-11 Assessment information 12-23 Assessment tasks 12 Part 1 – VCAT and Applied law 12 Part 2 – VCAT and Contextual analysis 13 Hypothetical Case Studies 15 • Residential Tenancies List 15 • Planning and Environment List 18 • Anti-Discrimination list 20 Assessment criteria 22 Reading guide 24-28 Su Robertson, Unit Coordinator su.robertson@vu.edu.au 9919 1823 Unit rationale BLB1101 Australian Legal System in Context: • Provides you with a working foundation in the technical structure of Australian legal systems, using applied practical teaching and learning methods; • Exposes you to ways of making sense of Australian legal systems in a legal academic way using the themes of economics, sustainability, race and gender; • Inducts you in the ways of the lawyer, including appropriate language use and structure, ethics and legal professional behaviour, using reflective, applied and theory-based teaching and learning methods. Learning outcomes Upon successful completion of BLB1101, you will: • Be able to identify and understand the components of Australian legal systems, how these components intersect and interact, and how lawyers use these systems; • Be able to identify and use the language...
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...Political Rights Official Complaint of the Government of Algoria Alleging Violation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights by Australia 31 December 2008 By Keely Boom LLB B Com GDLP PhD Candidate, University of Wollongong Legal Officer, Australian Climate Justice Program CONTENTS Contents I. Summary of Complaint 3 II. Complainant 3 III. Defendant 3 IV. Basis of Complaint 4 V. Jurisdiction 4 VI. Exhaustion of all available domestic remedies 7 VII. Facts submitted by the Government of Algoria 8 VIII. Alleged Violations of the ICCPR by Australia 12 A. The Right of Self-Determination 13 B. The Right to Life 14 C. The Right to Liberty of Movement and Freedom to Choose One’s Residence 15 D. Freedom from Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy and Family 16 E. The Right to Culture 17 IX. Causation 17 X. Remedies sought 20 Explanatory Note 22 Summary of Complaint 1. The State of Algoria complains that Australia is failing to fulfil its existing obligations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights[1] (“ICCPR”) due to its historical and continuing contribution to anthropogenic climate change and its associated impacts upon the human rights and fundamental freedoms recognised in ICCPR as held by the citizens of the State of Algoria. 2. The State of Algoria makes this Complaint in accordance with interstate provisions provided through Article 41 of the ICCPR. 3. The relevant...
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...Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia Developed under the auspices of Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council, Australian College of Nursing, Australian Nursing Federation Introduction This Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia has been developed for the nursing profession in Australia. It is relevant to all nurses at all levels and areas of practice including those encompassing clinical, management,education and research 1 domains. This Code is framed by the principles and standards set forth in the United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; the World Health Organization’s Constitution and publication series entitled Health and Human Rights; and the United Nations Development Programme Human Development Report 2 2004: Cultural liberty in today’s diverse world. In considering this Code and its companion, the Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses in Australia, it should be borne in mind that they are designed for multiple audiences: nurses; nursing students; people requiring or receiving nursing care; the community generally; employers of nurses; nursing regulatory authorities; and consumer protection agencies. It is also noteworthy that the concepts of ‘ethics’ and ‘morality’ are substantially the same and have been used interchangeably throughout this Code. This Code outlines the nursing profession’s commitment to respect, promote, protect...
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...channels, 2) strong brand portfolio, and 3) financial strength. Despite Walt Disney’s success, the company has some declining segments in their domestic business. In addition, Disney’s biggest challenge in creating theme parks and resorts abroad is their inability to tailor the attractions to the local market while maintaining Disney’s brand image. In the past, international theme park implementations, Disney had failed to adapt their strategies to the local market. Therefore, Disney’s weaknesses can also be also grouped in three categories: 1) declining segments, 2) difficulty adapting to other cultures, and 3) weak managerial skills in terms of international operations. Diversified Distribution Channels Disney has a strong diversified distribution channel. The company operates by four strategic business units (SBU): 1) Media Networks and Broadcasting, 2) Parks and Resorts, 3) Studio Entertainment, and 4) Disney Consumer Products (Banton, 2007, p.31). The Media Network segment comprises of all broadcast television network, television production and distribution operations, television stations, cable networks, broadcast radio, publishing and digital operations (“Fiscal Year 2010,” 2011, p.1). Some of Disney’s main media brands are: The Disney Channel, ABC, ESPN, Radio Disney, Disney.com, and ABC Newspaper. The Disney Channel is a very effective global ambassador. It helps Disney to stay in touch with what kids and tweens want to see and hear (“Fiscal Year 2010,” 2011, p.2). ABC...
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...Telecommunications Association Annual Report 2013 AMTA Contacts Membership For information about AMTA or membership inquiries phone (02) 6239 6555 or see the website: www.amta.org.au MobileMuster To contact MobileMuster phone 1300 730 070 or email mobilemuster@amta.org.au. For more information about MobileMuster go to www.mobilemuster.com.au Mobile Carriers Forum To contact the Mobile Carriers Forum phone (02) 6295 8191 or see the website: www.mcf.amta.org.au AMTA Members Carriage Service Providers Dodo Australia, Lebara Mobile, Lycamobile, Optus, Telstra, VHA Pty Ltd AMTA Vision The Australian Mobile Telecommunications Association is the peak national body representing Australia’s mobile telecommunications industry. AMTA’s vision is to promote an environmentally, socially and economically responsible, successful and sustainable mobile telecommunications industry in Australia. AMTA aims to achieve its vision by: ■ effective industry representation and leadership ■ generating consensus on whole-of-industry issues ■ improving the level of trust between the industry, related industries, key stakeholders and the wider community ■ promoting an improved understanding of the mobile telecommunications industry and its contribution to the Australian community. Handset Manufacturers LG Electronics Australia, HTC ( Aust & NZ), Nokia Australia, Motorola Mobility Australia, Research in Motion, Samsung Australia, Sony Ericsson, ZTE Australia Retailers Mobile Network ...
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...An agenda for Australian higher educ ation 2013–2016 a smarter australia Universities australia An agenda for Australian higher educ ation 2013–2016 a smarter australia This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial -NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. Further inquiries should be made to the Chief Executive: GPO Box 1142 Canberra ACT 2601 Ph: +61 2 6285 8100 Fax: +61 2 6285 8101 Email: contact@universitiesaustralia.edu.au Web: www.universitiesaustralia.edu.au ABN: 53 008 502 930 ii universities australia Contents Preface 1 Summary 3 Vision 6 Policy context 1 Increase Australians’ university participation 8 13 2 Develop Australia’s globally engaged university sector 25 3 A powerful research and innovation system that drives economic and social progress 35 4 Efficiency, investment and regulation 49 Appendix: Development and consultation process 64 Notes 65 Tables Table 1: Gross expenditure on research and experimental development by sector, 2008–09 38 Table 2: Expenditure on research and development as a proportion of GDP, Australia and the OECD, 2008 38 Figures Figure 1: Increase in low SES domestic students in higher education, 1992 to 2011 15 Figure 2: Australia’s benefits from research 37 Figure 3: Commonwealth per student funding, 1989 to 2010 55 Figure 4: Public investment in tertiary education as a percentage of GDP 55 Figure...
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...whole or in part from a thesis by which I have qualified for or been awarded another degree or diploma. No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of the thesis. Chetan Chauhan December 02, 2014 SUMMARY Everyone in this world wants to have a better life. A life which is full of all the basic necessities and is stable and worry free. In the pursuit of a better life people move from one place to another, soon leading to a major problem these days called Brain drain. When people move from one pace to another they don’t just take their things with them they also take away their brains, their knowledge, talents and abilities. Which soon become available for the host nation, which initially belongs to the native country, but is no longer available. This unavailability of the knowledge hurts the native nation, they struggle to develop, which soon leads to different problems like poverty, instability. This leads to a situation where the developed becomes more developed and developing remains developing. To overcome this issue and spread equity, everyone i.e. immigrants, potential immigrants and the governments of both the nations, should come together. Exchange of the knowledge should be preferred rather than transfer of knowledge. If the concept of exchange of the knowledge is opted then in the soon world we can see an equally developed world. Table of Contents Title Page 1 Authorship statement 2...
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...Introduction During the 1850s, the seemingly radical idea of uniting Australia's colonies to form a single nation was conceived. The idea, however, lacked popularity and was consequently abandoned. At that time, the colonies were more concerned with putting the interests of their own people first and the technology to ensure communication between the colonies had not yet been developed. It was not until the 1880s, that people began to give serious consideration to the possible advantages of uniting the colonies under a federal government which could make uniform laws. Defence and foreign policy One of the key reasons for Federation was to achieve a united defence force which could better protect Australia. Around the 1880s, the Australian colonies had become increasingly concerned over the close proximity of foreign powers. A Russian presence in the Pacific, Germany occupying parts of New Guinea and France having colonised New Caledonia, left the colonies in fear that attempts may be made to invade Australia. At this time, each of the colonies had their own separate defence forces (army and navy) which were without any overarching structure to unite them if a part of the country was under threat. Initially, the colonial navies operated one or two warships. It was soon realised, however, that they did not have the size or the strength to...
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...What the Government should do in regard to China policy following the 2013 Federal Election 30 July 2013 at 22:44 Some Australian commentators claim that Australia is at a cross roads, and that it is unprecedented that its largest trading partner is not its closest ally.[1] In fact, its major ally and largest trading partner are engaged in a Cold War power struggle. They go on to say that solving this ‘unprecedented’ situation is Australia’s greatest foreign policy conundrum for at least the next decade.[2] However, Australia’s situation is not unique, neither in the region nor in its own history. By considering the recent positions of the major political parties this essay will examine Australian and Chinese foreign policy in relation to the importance of the Australian-Chinese relationship and whether we need to choose between China and America. Lastly, I shall recommend strategies for the Australian government to implement regarding its China policy. The overarching foreign policy aim for both the ALP and Coalition is serving Australia’s national interest, which can be broadly broken down into four main goals: maintaining the territorial integrity of Australia, including the safety and security of its society and economy; ensuring regional stability and preserving the existing regional balance of power; the sea lanes that make up the arteries of international trade remain open; and responding to new security threats.[3] Included in the last goal are terrorism, international...
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...both a reflection and creator of our perception of social reality and is consistently evolving. By means of research of these source collections, relevant evidence is selected, evaluated and organized into three key areas: the Carbon tax legislation represents a creation of a new social reality and the impact on sustainability in business. The carbon tax would be represented in the financial reports. To introduce the particular company and legislation impacts on that company. The Framework shows that the financial reporting is present relevant and reliable information. Some experts considered that the insufficient information on financial reporting impact on social reality. Thus, the Sustainability reporting occurs to fix up the fanatical reporting gaps. Introduction Financial reporting is both a reflection and creator of our perception of social reality and consistently evolving. Currently, accounting system is not only focus on the data of how much company earns, it also shift towards to social responsibility. As the dramatic of pollutions, especially that of the developing nations is extremely harmful not only to the surrounding environment, but also to the inhabitants of that country as well. Thus, financial reporting take concern on such problems and create out Sustainability reporting which help to reduce the pollutions. This essay is to discuss the both reflection and creator of financial reporting in reality social and the impact on sustainability in business. It...
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...of national belonging? (Inclusions/ exclusions) IMAGINED COMMUNITY Cinema tragedy of Australian stories, competition Press magazines/newspapers – Democracy? Government? Radio talk radio Television Still viable? National fears Advertising PR. Outnumber journalists Historical AND contemporary Connections and challenges Week 2: MEDIA, REPRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS Why we analyse media? To see how texts generate meanings and the critical implications thereof Representations have an uneasy relationship with reality Are we looking for accurate representations of reality? NO Language is a culturally specific system of differentiation How can I convey something that is not culturally informed? REPRESENTATIONS RE-PRESENT REALITY E.g. a drawing of a tree Every representation is the result of a decision-making process Editorial decisions shift meanings one way or another CONSIDER THE IMPLICATION OF FRAMING DEVICES – leaving something out CONSIDER SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF THIS DECISIONS-MAKING PROCESS E.g. family We form ideas about people/places about which we know little E.g. Tourism Australia adds E.g. What particular moment is in the media Understanding Representations Our familiarity with cultural codes helps us unpack/read texts Cultural codes – culturally CONSTRUCTED: secret things we understand Meanings arise out of context E.g. Green: money, St Patrick’s, environment E.g. MJ: context changes How do we understand meanings...
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...2009 > hot topics 69 TOPICS HOT L e g a L i s s u e s i n p L a i n L a n g u a g e This is the sixty-ninth in the series Hot Topics: legal issues in plain language, published by the Legal Information Access Centre (LIAC). Hot Topics aims to give an accessible introduction to an area of law that is the subject of change or public debate. International law 1 overview What is international law? – difference between international law and domestic law – Why do States obey international law? – subjects of international law – How do international law and domestic law interact? 4 sources of international law Jus cogens – international conventions and treaties – Australian treaty practice – custom – general principles of law – judicial decisions and writings of publicists – ‘hard law’ and ‘soft law’. 8 states What is a State? – rights of States – self-determination – creation and recognition of new States – case studies. AUTHOR NOTE: Jane Stratton currently leads corporate social responsibility programs in a leading Sydney law firm, teaches law students at a Sydney university and independently, undertakes community development projects in Western Sydney. Her work has included legal and policy roles in the Public Interest Advocacy Centre, the Australian Human Rights Commission, UN High Commission for Refugees and the ICTY. She has experience in litigious and political advocacy. Jane holds qualifications in law (Honours)...
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...G-20 Major economies Project by: Sahib Deol Sec. A Sem. 3 DECLARATION I, Sahib Deol, student of BBA 3nd Semester of SCMS (UG) NOIDA, hereby declare that the Project on “ G-20 Major Economies” is for the partial fulfillment of course objectives for the BBA Degree. I assure that this project is the result of my own efforts and all the information and facts furnished in this Project are based on our intensive study. Date: 15/10/2012 Name:Sahib Deol Place: Noida Introduction The Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (also known as the G-20, G20, and Group of Twenty) is a group of finance ministers and central bank governors from 20 major economies: 19 countries plus the European Union, which is represented by the President of the European Council and by the European Central Bank. The G-20 heads of government or heads of state have also periodically conferred at summits since their initial meeting in 2008. Collectively, the G-20 economies account for more than 80 percent of the gross world product (GWP),00 80 percent of world trade (including EU intra-trade), and two-thirds of the world population. They furthermore account for 84.1 percent and 82.2 percent of the world's economic growth by nominal GDP and GDP (PPP) respectively from the years 2010 to 2016, according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The G-20 was proposed by former Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin[5] as a forum for...
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