...The primary source of data for consideration were governmental compilations of statistical information having to do with crime. One of the most important sources is the National Crime Victimization Survey. The NCVS is unique as a record of criminal victimization as reported directly by Americans, not filtered through police reports. Along with many of the other articles, this one also has many percentages and tables showing differences between Whites and Blacks in arrest rates. One table shows the arrest rates for murder, rape, robbery, assault, and car theft between Asians, Whites, Indians, and Blacks. In all categories the percentage of Blacks is higher than all other racial groups. They state that, “The calculations from the NCVS indicate...
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...2003 THESIS: WORKPLACE AS IT RELATES TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE I INTRODUCTION: • Crime and violence • Workplace violence a major concern • The three entities involved II STATISTICS • The Bureau of Justice Statistics • Statistics from 1992 to 1996 • National Crime Victimization Survey and The Bureau of Labor Statistic III WORKPLACE VIOLENCE A LAW ENFORCEMENT ISSUE • Responsibility of Law Enforcement • The impact and ramification • The direction of Law Enforcement IV WORKPLACE VIOLENCE A CORRECTIONAL ISSUE • Correctional facilities a breathing ground for violence • Domestic violence to workplace violence • Introduction of a new program V WORKPLACE VIOLENCE A PRIVATE SECURITY ISSUE • The direction of Professional security • The scope of Professional security • The challenge of Professional security INTRODUCTION Initially, when we consider crime and violence the average American may envision or think of the inner city streets, area populated by “lower class status”, and poor neighborhoods. They may even think of sub cultural conflict, or conflict overseas. Then when asked what causes violence, the average American may consider poverty, racial disparity, ineffective families, substance abuse, and the list goes on. In most cases the average American maybe right, in their estimate of crime and violence. However, we tend to avoid or exclude the issue of crime and violence in the workplace. Workplace violence has become an issue that should be...
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...Is How Crime Measured in the United States Accurate? LT B February 14, 2014 Is How Crime Measured in the United States Accurate? America's system of reporting crime has undergone a number of changes over the years since its inception in the early 1900s. Some would argue that the system data is invalid and does not accurately reflect the crimes committed, reported, or prosecuted, and neither is it indicative of the cause for criminal behavior. Nonetheless, this system is the only source available with any form of useful data relating to crime. Is there a more reliable alternative to measuring crime and collecting pertinent data? In America, law enforcement agencies use criminal statistic reports to measure crime; however, these statistics do not account for crimes that go unreported, reported crimes that did not lead to arrests, and charges reduced through plea-bargaining. When it comes to analyzing crime statistics a person must use his or her own critical thinking skills. Not all crime statistics will be accurate as it is an attempt to provide the American public with general information gathered that may not be in detail. The subject of Information is key, at the basic level a person should have knowledge in the description of the crime. There are a numerous amount of questions a person must take into consideration when it comes to reading and reviewing these reports. For example, 1.) Examine the source and whether or not it is reliable and trustworthy 2.) Acknowledge...
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...Having the victim to open up and build a relationship with the law enforcement member doing the interview, A brief history of the person such as marriage, family, and location of extended family, additionally this allows the In the event of suspect or danger to the partner, mom, dad, sisters, brothers, and children. The place of employment to not the route and routine the victim goes through each day. Items out of the ordinary for the day are pieced as a probable cause of the action being more likely to occur than a typical day. Once the basics are outlined the story or capturing of the ordeal this can be compared with a painting, to writing a story as there need to be information on who was involved. What was around and used to commit the crime, this can also be the weapon or the item creating harm? Where creating a canvas to search the possibility to question anyone else who would have been in that area or should have been in the location on a regular basis make the possibility for a suspect. This proceeds to who was around is there any idea of the name or description of the person responsible of the...
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...In the article Victims and Offenders in Two Crime Statistics Programs: A Comparison of the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), (herein after NCVS and NIBRS will be called “systems” when referencing the statistics of the nature of the crimes), the comparison of the two reporting systems for crimes are similar. These two reporting systems are a visual representation of the crimes that are reported. They do not account for crimes that are not reporting or crimes that are reported after the date. They report crime only when there is an official report, such as one by the officer that comes to the scene of the crime to take statements from the individuals. NCVS and NIBRS are only report burglary, larceny, aggravated assault, and vehicle theft. They do not report on more serious crimes such as rape or murder. Every report was different for males and females. Males where committing more crimes than female in every category mentioned above for offenders. Aggravated assault victims had more male than female. The crimes where committed against males more than females. This was reported by both systems noting that males where victimized more than females. Robbery was the same way noting that males were victimized more than females. Larceny and vehicle theft on both systems display white people has have being the must victimized out the other races. This includes white males and white females. This is broke down to head of...
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...intention of the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) developed to uncover? What does data from the NCVS tell us about crime in the United States today? * The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is an annual survey of selected American households conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics to determine the extent of criminal victimization-especially unreported victimization-in the United States. The data tells us that procedures are based largely on reports to the police by victims of crime. 2. Identify and explain the significant differences between the Uniform Crime Report (UCR), the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS), and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). * The URC consists of monthly aggregate crime counts. Records one offense per incident, as determined by the hierarchy rule, which suppresses courts of lesser offenses in multiple- offences incidents. Does not distinguish between attempted and completed crimes. Records rape of females only. Collects assault information of five categories. Collects weapon information for murder, robbery, and aggravated assault. Provides counts on arrests for the eight major crimes and 21 other offenses. The NIBRS is consists of individual incident records for the eight major crimes and 38 other offenses, with detailed on offense, victim, offender, and property involved. Records each offense occurring in an incident. Distinguishes between attempted and completed crimes. Records rape of...
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.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Uniform Crime Reports UCR Program from the FBI collects information on crimes reported to law enforcement authorities such as murder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson. The this data is compiled from monthly law enforcement reports made directly to the FBI or to centralized state agencies that then report to the FBI. Each report submitted to the UCR Program is examined for reasonableness, accuracy, and deviations that may indicate errors. Any variations in crime levels may indicate modified records procedures, incomplete reporting, or changes in a jurisdiction's boundaries. To identify any unusual anomalies in an agency's crime counts, monthly reports are compared with previous submissions of the agency and with those for similar agencies.This report also includes detailed data on crimes cleared, persons arrested for a wide range of crimes, law enforcement personnel, and the characteristics of homicides such as age, sex, race of victims, and circumstances surrounding the homicides. The UCR presents crime counts for the Nation as a whole, as well as for regions, states, counties, cities, towns, tribal law enforcement, and colleges and universities. National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is created by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) and provides a detailed picture of crime incidents, the victims, and its trends. They improved the...
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...chemical defense sprays or stun guns, and the rationale is the same. Law-abiding citizens are disarmed of any possible effective means of self-defense because of the possibility of criminals obtaining and misusing these weapons. Ironically, not one of these laws has done a single thing to reduce crime in this country. Quite the contrary, history has shown that with each passing of these laws crime has increased (“A National Crime Victimization Survey Report,” 1992). Had there been one armed citizen at Sandy Hook Elementary School this tragedy may have had a different outcome. Point in fact Connecticut already has a ban on an assault weapons purchased after October 1st 1993 (NRA-ILA), but since an “assault weapon” was not used, which was in fact found locked in the trunk of the car of the shooter and misreported by the media for their own purposes. This current media frenzy is nothing more than an attempt to push through stringent and gun control laws that will only be followed by law abiding Americans who fear reprisal of the government. Interestingly, the US Department of Justice points to the armed citizen as possibly, the most effective deterrent to crime in the nation. Wright and Rossi questioned over 1,800 felons serving time in prisons across the nation and found: 81 % agreed the "smart...
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...a gatekeeper: funding, resources, knowledge, success. Terms: No Child Left Behind, Race to the Top, credentialism, Output efficiency: How many people can u graduate standardized testing, grassroots, astroturf, business model, quality education, tracking, Ability grouping: also called tracking standardized testing Rodriguez v. San Antonio: says that quality education is not guaranteed by the us constitution only a desk Property tax: taxes on residential and commercial property in a school district to fund the school, Foundations: A way to funnel private money into a school The Houston Miracle: the basis for no student left behind, ended up being a lie 2. Crime and the Criminal Justice System. a. Types of crime (and examples) and extent of crime: UCR, NCVS, comparison, trend, resources/cost. b. Street crime: perception and treatment and pressure on CJ system, consequences. c. CJ system and the poor: public defenders, contract system, court appointed lawyer, plea bargaining. d. CJ system and race: racial profiling, disproportionate arrests and convictions,...
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...Rape: A Modern Crime RAPE: A MODERN CRIME The definition of forcible rape was established in the 1920s and has remained relatively unchanged since that time. According to the FBIs website, rape is narrowly defined as “The penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim.” While the FBIs Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) shows that rape statistics have dropped from 2002 to 2010, it’s difficult to verify if these statistics are accurate. There are two major factors that skew the statistics for reported rape cases. First, rape often goes unreported by victims due to embarrassment or fear of reprisal by the perpetrator(s). Secondly, the narrow definition of rape excludes the number of cases reported by would be victims. Fortunately, the definition of rape was revamped in 2012 and has broadened the reporting criteria for this terrible crime. Changes include the perpetrator gender, physical resistance and the instances in which the victim is incapable of giving consent (Affairs, 2012). These changes will undoubtedly change the number of reported rapes committed and impact crime statistics greatly. It was just another ordinary summer day on July 6, 2011 in Stafford, Virginia. The sun was shining, birds sang their songs and children could be hear playing about. For one woman, this ordinary day would turn into...
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...v) Bivariate Analysis (up to 300 words) Using appropriate statistical and/or graphical techniques examine how each of your IVs is associated with the DV. Use appropriate tests of statistical significance to see whether it is reasonable to infer these associations to the population represented by the survey. Obtain and consider strength of association statistics and reflect on what these show / mean. Succinctly summarise these two analyses in one paragraph. When looking at this crosstabulation of data from the British Crime Survey regarding the relationship between gender and fear of being raped (see Appendix 1) it seems clear that women are much more worried than men. This is exemplified by the fact that over 90% of women stated that they are worried about being raped compared to the 9.8% that admitted to being worried. In fact, almost 70% of men said they are not worried at all whereas only 30.1% on women claimed to have no concerns. When evaluating the crosstabulation of data from the British Crime Survey regarding the relationship between social class and fear of being raped (see Appendix 2) it seems a lot more evenly spread than that of the one concerning gender. In terms of being the most worried, it seems that people in higher technical occupations have a higher fear of being raped. What is interesting however is that this category also holds the highest number of people who are not worried about being raped. In order to analyse this effectively, it...
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...15/04/2016 Variable Pay Encyclopedia Business Terms | Inc.com Variable Pay Related Terms: Employee Benefits; Employee Compensation; Human Resource Policies Variable pay programs are an increasingly popular mode of compensation in today's business world. These programs, which are also sometimes referred to as "pay-forperformance" or "at-risk" pay plans, provide some or all of a workforce's compensation based on employee performance or on the performance of a team. Variable pay proponents contend that providing tangible rewards for superior performance encourages hard work and efficiency and serves as an effective deterrent to mediocre or otherwise uninspired work performance. Variable pay programs are made up of a variety of different compensation methods. In the broadest sense, variable pay programs include annual incentives or bonus payments; individual incentive plans; lump-sum payments; technical achievement awards; cash profit-sharing plans; small group incentives; gainsharing; and payments for newly acquired skill and knowledge. Some analysts argue that variable pay programs should be defined far more restrictively, but most agree that all of the above share a common emphasis on recognizing achievement, which is the ultimate goal of variable pay plans. VARIABLE PAY AND THE MODERN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT The growing prevalence of variable pay alternatives in business compensation strategies has been attributed in part to a couple of other business...
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...WEEK 8: CRIME Human social life is ruled by norms and values. Norms in terms of what is acceptable and appropriate behaviour and value in the terms of right and wrong behaviour. Crime is defined as behaviour which goes against norms and generally accepted behaviour. In another words crime is a form of deviance which breaks the law. According to Pease, 2002 “crimes are those actions deemed so disturbing to citizens or disruptive to society as to justify state inventions.” In England crime is measured using two different methods, the British Crime Survey (BCS) and police reported crime. The BCS is a large survey of a representative sample of people aged 16 and over where it asks people about the experiences if any of crime. Police recorded crime however covers crime which have been reported and recorded by the police. Who is more likely to be the victim of crime and why? Those at risk of being victims of crime vary by lifestyle characteristics and reflecting differences of the individual socially. An example of this would be those individuals who visit pubs/clubs/bars are more likely to be a risk of violence towards them than those who do not visit these places. Our individual knowledge may equip us with different images of what crime relates to what victim. For example we normally think the victim of rape as being a young female. The charts below were taken from the 2002/03 British crime survey, Victims of crime: by sex and age. |Males ...
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...Discussion Question 1 - Week 1 (Thursday): Discuss what makes a successful information security awareness program and how a security awareness program can be one of an organization’s most powerful protection strategies. Security can mean different things to different people. Some believe that security means the protection of property and/or life, while another may believe that it means the guarding of valuable information, such as top secret documents. No matter what your definition of security is, it all has one main thing in common: security is the protection of something from something. When talking about Information Security, this meaning relates more to the protection of data and information. However; how does one protect vital information that is important either to an individual or to a business? The answer is through a solid and well-developed security awareness program. What exactly is an awareness program? Is it making sure that everyone is on the same page or knowing about the policies and procedures of the organization? Actually, it is, but it is also knowing what to do when those policies and procedures are not followed and making sure that the any information, vital to the company of not, is available to only those individuals who need it. An effective security program must take into consideration the business purposes and assignment of the organization and ensure that these purposes are met as carefully as possible. This must include...
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...Technology seems to develop at the speed of time. There is always something new and exciting on the horizon that someone is talking about. The last place that you would think you would have a negative experience with technology is on vacation; trying to enjoy the sun atmosphere of a place other than home. This is exactly what happened to my Uncle Bob; he was stopped for speeding in Florida. He answered the Law Enforcement Officers’ questions calmly and was then placed into the back of his cruiser. The process by which the Officer obtained the information is very routine; personal, one-on-one conversation. Many people do not realize it but when they are talking to an officer of the law, that person is constantly being evaluated; verbal and non-verbal. The officer is always taking in information no matter now simple is may seem. While Uncle Bob was being questioned he provided the following: his name, birth date, height, and weight, and resident state. As this is the basic form of information gathering the officer then would have entered the information gathered into their regional type database. Once the officer relayed the specific data to the regional office or agency the bigger wheels started to turn. This would have been completed either via radio and the distant end using a searchable database to input Uncle Bob’s information or the officer might have had the means to affect this himself. Newer police cruisers have computers connected to the main regional office so the...
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