...National Response Framework (NRF): Improving America’s Disaster Response The government of the United States has experienced and continues to manifest consistent, often times sweeping, changes to the “way it does Emergency Response business.” The disastrous events of both September 11, 2001 and the unfolding tragedy of Hurricane Katrina proved to be “real-time” triggers for the evolution of governmental amendment to and eventual restructure of the overarching procedural standard for incident response in the country. One of the outcomes would become what was dubbed the National Response Framework, or NRF. This paper will present a brief outline of its core structure and purpose. Moreover, it will aim to make an opinion on whether this template for emergency response is maximally effective in its approach to the complexities associated with Incident Response in the U.S. A brief outline of the NRF structure and intent is now appropriate here. The template is a doctrinal approach to the domestic partnerships and implementation of resources above and beyond those rules set by the National Incident Management System (NIMS) and the Incident Command System (ICS) (fema.gov, 2012). General audiences of NRF-specific guidance will typically be policy-level personnel or heads-of-agencies, who directly or strategically coordinate echelon and subordinate agencies at all eventual layers of government emergency response. It is driven largely by the data and regulatory information offered...
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... How is a response to destruction from a terrorist incident different from a response to a natural disaster? Be specific, give examples, and quote from the readings. 2. You are a volunteer for the American Red Cross. You are to enter a scene of destruction in order to assist wounded victims. What are some precautions that you must take? What are some restrictions placed on you? From whom do you receive clearance? 3. First responders should isolate hazards by establishing control zones. There are three types of control zones. List them and give examples. Cite your sources. Difference Between Response to Destruction By Terrorist and Natural Disaster Previous to the National Response network there were various differences on how and when agencies responded to incidents by terrorist groups or natural disasters. Prior to the 11 September 2001 attack on the Pentagon, the plane crash in Pennsylvania, the World Trade Center, and the 2005 Hurricanes Rita and Katrina the Federal Response Plan existed which primarily focused on the Federal roles and responsibilities during an emergency or disaster incident. By using the lessons learned and the response to the hurricane season in 2005 the National Response Plan was replaced by the Federal Response Plan. The United States has dealt with a number of unprecedented disasters and emergencies from small incidents to major catastrophes. The development of the National Response Framework (NRF) lays...
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...NRF Preparedness Cycle The National Response Framework (NRF) is the Nation’s guide on how to conduct effective responses through all-hazards. The strategic framework is built upon a foundation adaptable coordinating structures that are scalable, flexible, and to align key roles and responsibilities across the Nation. The NRF defines specific authorities and best exercises for managing incidents that range from the serious but merely local, to surprise terrorist attacks or catastrophic natural disasters. The document explains the common discipline and structures that have been implemented and developed at the local, tribal, State, and national levels over time. It explains strategic lessons gained from natural disasters such as Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, concentrating particularly on how the Federal Government is organized to aid local communities and States in devastating incidents. First and foremost, it contributes to the National Incident Management System (NIMS), which offers a stable template for managing incidents at all levels of government. (Office of the Press Secretary, 2008) The sole purpose of the 90-page document is to ensure that government executives, private sector, nongovernmental organization (NGO) leaders, and emergency management practitioners across the nation understand domestic incident response roles, responsibilities and relationships in order to respond more effectively to any type of incident. (Maniscalco, 2011) One of the interesting areas...
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...Higher Nationals LEVEL Acc QrCdFed e it Issue 4 July 2011 Edexcel, a Pearson company, is the UK’s largest awarding body, offering academic and vocational qualifications and testing to more than 25,000 schools, colleges, employers and other places of learning in the UK and in over 100 countries worldwide. Qualifications include GCSE, AS and A Level, NVQ and our BTEC suite of vocational qualifications from entry level to BTEC Higher National Diplomas, recognised by employers and higher education institutions worldwide. We deliver 9.4 million exam scripts each year, with more than 90% of exam papers marked onscreen annually. As part of Pearson, Edexcel continues to invest in cutting-edge technology that has revolutionised the examinations and assessment system. This includes the ability to provide detailed performance data to teachers and students which helps to raise attainment. This specification is Issue 4. Key changes are sidelined. We will inform centres of any changes to this issue. The latest issue can be found on the Edexcel website: www.edexcel.com References to third-party material made in this specification are made in good faith. Edexcel does not endorse, approve or accept responsibility for the content of materials, which may be subject to change, or any opinions expressed therein. (Material may include textbooks, journals, magazines and other publications and websites.) Authorised by Roger Beard Prepared by Susan Hoxley Publications Code BH029073...
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...The National Certificate (Irish: Teastais Náisiúnta) was a two-year broadly based higher education qualification in a technology discipline offered by an Institute of Technology or a HETAC-designated institution in Ireland. The certificate generally exempts a student from the first year of a four-year university Bachelor's degree or the first two years of an ab initio National Diploma in Ireland. The certificates are often in business, engineering and science, with most entrants being school leavers and presenting a Leaving Certificate or similar educational achievement. Many students continue education and transfer to a National Diploma course or a Bachelor's degree. The first National Certificates in Ireland were awarded in 1972 at five Regional Technical Colleges. Since June 2006 and the implementation of the National Framework of Qualifications, the National Certificate has been replaced by the Higher Certificate in a number of similar disciplines. United Kingdom[edit] In the United Kingdom, outside of Scotland, the National Certificate is a standard vocational further education qualification. It is usually rated at Level 3 on the National Qualifications Framework and is equivalent to A-level, BTEC National Diploma or NVQ Level 3 standard. Scotland[edit] National Certificate courses in Scotland are a one-year course offered by Technical Colleges. They are typically used to progress on to a Higher National Certificate or similar degree course, although a National Certificate...
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...Assignment 2: “National Preparedness, as a Whole Community” A look at the National Preparedness Frameworks “National Preparedness, as a Whole Community” The United States has a National Preparedness framework in which Federal State Local and Non-Governmental agencies utilize in order to safeguard the citizen Property and assets of this great nation. (Staff, FEMA, 2015)The National Preparedness framework outlines 5 key areas in which aid and support may be administered to areas affect by natural economic and man-made catastrophes. By looking at and understanding the Framework of the National Preparedness plan, one can better understand how this Nation can come together in times of great need. When to utilize this Preparedness plan and when the individual Agencies and governmental bodies may enact the measures required, even when not specifically requested. In the event of great disaster comes the will of the people to survive. It is the people who must learn from the past to mitigate for the future and prepare for the unknown. By having a National Preparedness plan and Governmental Acts, Such as the Robert T. Stafford Act. (Staff, FEMA, 2015) The Nation can prepare for events that are unavoidable. The National Preparedness plan is a Plan that enables the Community to act as a whole by utilizing a five stage system to achieve one goal. As per Presidential Policy Directive / PPD-8. (Staff, DHS, 2011) The National Preparedness plan encompasses five stages to create the...
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...MSSM 517- Critical Infrastructure Weekly Assignment 2.2 Weekly Assignment: Provide a detailed description of the National Response Plan (NRP). How has your local government cooperated with the NRP? Pick a U.S. city if located outside of the U.S. The government of the United States has experienced and continues to establish consistent, often times comprehensive changes to the way it accomplishes Emergency Response operations. The catastrophic events of both September 11, 2001 and the lingering tragedy of Hurricane Katrina proved to be instantaneous prompts for the evolution of governmental amendment to and eventual restructure of the overarching procedural standard for incident response in the country. One of the many important after-effects would become what was labeled the National Response Framework, or NRF. A detailed outline of the NRF structure and intent follows. The template is a doctrinal approach to the domestic partnerships and implementation of resources above and beyond those rules set by the National Incident Management System (NIMS) and the Incident Command System (ICS) (FEMA, 2012). The sole purpose of the 90-page document is to ensure that government executives, private sector, nongovernmental organization (NGO) leaders, and emergency management practitioners across the nation understand domestic incident response roles, responsibilities and relationships in order to respond more effectively to any type of incident. General administrators...
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...NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 1. Introduction. Pakistan is located in a region which is prone to number of natural disasters. Due to its diverse range of terrain and existence of fault lines, the country is susceptible to wide ranging hazards from earthquake to droughts and floods to cyclones. Pakistan has suffered floods almost every year as monsoon rains cause rivers to outflow from their banks. The country also experiences earthquake regularly ranging from moderate to severe in intensity. We have been suffering from drought like situation of varying degrees from many years and the coastal areas are prone to cyclones. There is no comprehensive, integrated disaster management policy at national level for dealing with major disasters like earthquake of 2005 and floods of 2010 and 2011 partially due to limited resources, economic instability and partially due to absence of well trained and equipped disaster management infrastructure. We also lack proper system for disaster prevention and preparedness that could ensure effective mitigation to reduce the loss of life and property damage in the face of a natural disaster. 2. Disaster management is unfortunately seen as provision of relief rather than the management of all of its phases and long term management of risk. We therefore need a comprehensive preparedness, prevention and mitigation strategy with a view to better manage and coordinate activities of various line ministries, departments and civil society. Pakistan...
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...related to the National Response Framework? Emergency and disaster planning at the State and local government is the main starting point for any natural or man-made disaster and even terrorist incidents. State and local government officials are entrusted with protecting and providing emergency assistance to the local populous. Not only are they responsible for dealing with many issues but also, emergency and disaster planning would be at the top of the list. You could look at many different states and compare their emergency and disaster planes and most would have the same basic concepts “Who will do what, When, and what resources”. Emergency and disaster planning at the state level is all about being prepared and having a well formulated plane that has been fine tuned and activated either in an actual or table top exercise. The main components of a sound plan would include but not limited to: Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Recovery. All four of these phases are key to all state response plans, each state has it written into their response plan, in the event local and state assets are depleted or inadequate to handle the emergency or disaster they will request help from the federal government, the lead agency in this case would be FEMA. Plans formulated at the state level are similar to the National Response Framework. The National Response Framework is set up to...
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...and level of response during the occurrence of the crisis was a clear indication, that the government lacked management plans and procedures needed to mitigate the outcome. One of the plans that were put into action in the state of Mississippi was the use of the National Guard to enhance relief operations. This was part of the overall plan, the “National Response plan” (Dudley, 2006). This paper aims at evaluating strategies and situations during the occurrence of the Hurricane Katrina Natural Disaster. By so doing, workable strategies are highlighted and the reasons behind their use supported with due consideration to resource availability. The paper further presents an analysis of the Mississippi crisis plan whileexplaining the efficacy of elements selected for the “National Response Plan” consequently stating how the plan could be relevant in either Louisiana or Alabama.The paper summarizes by presenting missing elements. From the journal ‘After Katrina: Building back better than ever’ which is a report by James Barksdale who is the Chairman of the Governor’s Commission on Recovery, Building and Renewal, it is made rife that the ‘National Response Plan’ (NRP) was a workable strategy that provided a big boost to the disaster management efforts made by the American government (Governor's Commission on Recovery, Rebuilding, and Renewal, 2005). The NRP strategic plan was designed to encompass all hazards while spontaneously establishing a single wide-ranging framework that can be...
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...National Incident Management System 1 RUNNING HEAD: National Incident Management System National Incident Management System February 15, 2012 National Incident Management System 2 National Incident Management System The National Management System provides the template for the management of agencies on all government levels. They provide a proactive and systematic approach to guiding all departments, agencies, all levels of government, non-governmental organizations and the private sector to work together in prevention, protection, response, recovery and mitigation of the effects of incidents, regardless of cause, size, location or complexity in order to reduce the loss of life and harm to the environment. The National Incident Management System works together with the National Response Framework. While the NIMS handles the management of incidents, the National Response Framework (NRF) provides the structure and mechanisms for national level policy for incident management (http://www.fema.gov/emergency/nims/AboutNIMS.shtm). According to the Department of Homeland Security website, on February 28, 2003, the President issued Homeland Security Presidential Directive (HSPD)-5 which directs the Secretary of Homeland Security to develop and administer the National Incident Management System (NIMS). It was stated in HSPD-5 that the system will provide a consistent nationwide approach on the Federal, State and Local levels of government in regards to domestic...
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...What is the National Incident Management System (NIMS)? NIMS is a comprehensive, national approach to incident management that is applicable at all jurisdictional levels and across functional disciplines. It is intended to: • Be applicable across a full spectrum of potential incidents, hazards, and impacts, regardless of size, location or complexity. • Improve coordination and cooperation between public and private entities in a variety of incident management activities. • Provide a common standard for overall incident management. Why do we need NIMS? NIMS provides a consistent nationwide framework and approach to enable government at all levels (Federal, State, tribal, and local), the private sector, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to work together to prepare for, prevent, respond to, recover from, and mitigate the effects of incidents regardless of the incident’s cause, size, location, or complexity. Consistent application of NIMS lays the groundwork for efficient and effective responses, from a single agency fire response to a multiagency, multijurisdictional natural disaster or terrorism response. Entities that have integrated NIMS into their planning and incident management structure can arrive at an incident with little notice and still understand the procedures and protocols governing the response, as well as the expectations for equipment and personnel. NIMS provides commonality in preparedness and response efforts that allow diverse entities to readily integrate...
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...The National Incident Management System Our experiences of domestic terrorist attacks have taught us many things. For one, it showed how the localized structures and preparedness are not sufficient to effectively and efficiently respond to actual events and threats. It showed how the involvement of agencies at various levels of government could have increased response capacity and how a national approach could have ensured a level of preparedness that is proportionate to the levels of threat that may be experienced. Thus, the National Incident Management System developed standards operating procedures or codes to enhance the different areas of incident management, principles, planning, organization, training, logistics and actual practice that have been implemented nationwide as a requisite for obtaining preparedness budgets FEMA. The result was the formation of the Integrated Command System, Multi Agency Support Systems as well as public information systems (NIMS 2008 Page 1). . These systems ensure the harnessing of resources from the different agencies, levels of government and stakeholders in terms of capacities personnel, finances, logistics or technology. It also enables the smooth working relationship and coordination among these entities in jointly responding to incidents under a common framework and organizational structure NIMS Online. This increased the quality of response to much higher levels, especially which current practices are regularly assessed in to determine...
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...information and telecommunication in the context of information security Dear delegates, After reading your position papers, we made a summary as follows. Please read it and may it help you. Country Name Argentina Basic Position Argentina is focusing on cracking down the ill-using of ICTs. Past Actions Reached a ‘Tunisia commitment’ with many countries to make the commitment in advancing the development of information technology and accelerate the national exchange. Proposed Solutions (1) Introduce a law named" Information security law "to promote the protection of the domestic information security. (2) Call upon national institutions and social organizations to corporate to promote the maintenance of information security. (3) Call for regional organization to implement technology exchange. (1) Normalize laws and standards on cyber perpetration and ICT intelligence use and supply. (2) Promote a comprehensive collaboration framework based on critical regional cyber security organizations. (3) Elaborate common terms and definitions and exchange national views on the use of ICTs in conflict for the sake of confidence-building. Australia Australian government calls for international collaboration to cope with information perpetration and to establish constricting norms on the state use of ICT, relieving international instability and enhancing the freedom of information. Communication and cooperation among (1) Committed $125.8 million to cyber safety measures. (2) Cyber Security Strategy...
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...Implementing Strategy and Managing Change Implementing Strategy and Managing Change Name: University: Course: University: Tutor: Date: Implementing Strategy and Managing Change Vision and strategic aims as fundamentals in a fire service safety plan Vision is an important tool that fire and rescue services organization can use to obtain better strategies of improving performance. A vision provides the future of such organization and this helps develop the present resources to fit in the prevailing conditions. Vision can be described as the ability to configure what the future looks like and to plan for it. In the case of a company, it refers to the picture of how a company should look like in the future (Dooley, 2005). Through a vision, the main ideology and purpose of existence are formulated and these provide the basic direction to achieving the desired company development. Towards employees vision helps to fulfill an identity function and an identification function as well as mobilizing function. A vision describes the picture of the company in the future which makes it unique and distinctive. This serves as a sign of identity to the employees. Furthermore, a clear vision provides the staff with a sense and importance of their work. As a result, they are able to identify with the company which results in commitment towards their work and towards the vision as a common company objective (Sabrautzki, 2010). Strategic aims refer to the goals and objectives...
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