...& Castellino, 2002). Through these interactions, children learn skills they need to engage with others and to succeed in different environments (Rogoff, 2003). They learn how to manage their emotions and behaviors and establish healthy relationships with adults and peers. They also learn how to adjust to new situations and to resolve conflicts .When parents have warm, trusting, and reliable relationships with peers, family, community members, and service providers, they are more likely to have positive relationships with their children. To work toward the Parent, Family, Community and Environment: Positive Parent-Child Relationships Outcome, providers and programs can: provide emotional and concrete support to parents,1.respect diverse parenting styles, 2.value cultural differences and home languages, 3.reinforce the importance of fathers and other co-parents, 4.help parents connect with other parents and community members and resources, and model warm, responsive relationships by engaging in these relationships with parents and other family members The objective of this chapter is to present the child interaction theory as a useful framework for assessing and promoting positive parental competency in children. This is too discussed: 1) Positive Parent-Child Relationships Boost Child Development and School Readiness, and 2) Building Positive Parent-Child Relationships from the Beginning. Dr. Barnard’s PCI Model is the relationship between...
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...In her article “Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior,” Amy Chua asserted that children raised by Chinese mothers are more successful than children that are raised by Western mothers. Chau claimed that the strict and direct nature of the Chinese parenting style allows their children to have excellence in everything that they do. She noted there are many parenting studies that showed measurable differences between Western and Chinese immigrant mothers. In particular, she described one that consisted of 50 Western mothers and 48 Chinese immigrant mothers which revealed a majority of Western mothers believed that emphasizing academic success was not good for children, and that Chinese mothers consider the academic success of their children a direct consequence of their good parenting and that any failures were a result of parents not “doing their job” (Chau, A. 2011). Chua also stated that Chinese mothers spend ten times longer working with their children on academic activities compared to Western mothers, and noted that Western children are more likely to be involved in sports. According to the Chau, there are three differences between Western and Chinese views on parenting. First, Western parents are overly concerned about their child’s self-esteem and are constantly trying to comfort their children, whereas Chinese parents presume their children are strong enough to take criticism for anything less than perfection. Second, Western parents believe it is their responsibility...
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...Name: Tutor: Task: Date: Developmental psychology Infancy and Childhood Physical development During early childhood stage, infants begin to drop their roundish baby like display. Their bones grow more proportionate with the lengthening of their legs and arms. They start to obtain fine motor skills. The newfound skills enable them to grip a pencil in a more functional way. This is a good time to provide them with puzzles and blocks, as well as to supervise them while they use paper and scissors as objects (Stern 245). Although it is normal for boys than girls to be more physically active, they will acquire more control over their motor skills allowing for the advancement of new activities such as swinging, jumping, running, and climbing. Children will start to change themselves away from taking a daily nap, but it is vital to give periods to rest. Cognitive development According to Piaget’s stages of cognitive development; the first being the sensory motor stage, It is considered to extend from birth to the age of two years. The development of reflexes, motor abilities as well as senses is rapid. Throughout the initial development stages, infants only perceive and interact with their immediate surrounding through their actions and observations. The preoperational stage stretches from the age of two to seven where the child is not yet able to think logically. With the acquisition of language, the child can express to the world via mental images and symbols. The third...
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...In her article “Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior,” Amy Chua asserted that children raised by Chinese mothers are more successful than children that are raised by Western mothers. Chau claimed that the strict and direct nature of the Chinese parenting style allows their children to have excellence in everything that they do. She noted there are many parenting studies that showed measurable differences between Western and Chinese immigrant mothers. In particular, she described one that consisted of 50 Western mothers and 48 Chinese immigrant mothers which revealed a majority of Western mothers believed that emphasizing academic success was not good for children, and that Chinese mothers consider the academic success of their children a direct consequence of their good parenting and that any failures were a result of parents not “doing their job” (Chau, A. 2011). Chua also stated that Chinese mothers spend ten times longer working with their children on academic activities compared to Western mothers, and noted that Western children are more likely to be involved in sports. According to the Chau, there are three differences between Western and Chinese views on parenting. First, Western parents are overly concerned about their child’s self-esteem and are constantly trying to comfort their children, whereas Chinese parents presume their children are strong enough to take criticism for anything less than perfection. Second, Western parents believe it is their responsibility...
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...Department of Justice Ministère de la Justice Canada Canada WORKING DOCUMENT THE EFFECTS OF DIVORCE ON CHILDREN A Selected Literature Review Research and Statistics Division October 1997 WD1998-2e UNEDITED Research and Statistics Division/ Division de la recherche et de la statistique Policy Sector/ Secteur des politiques WORKING DOCUMENT THE EFFECTS OF DIVORCE ON CHILDREN A Selected Literature Review Research and Statistics Division October 1997 WD1998-2e UNEDITED The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect those of the Department of Justice Canada. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 2.0 LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCH .............................................................. 3 3.0 FACTORS AFFECTING CHILDREN’S POSTDIVORCE ADJUSTMENT ................. 6 3.1 Child Characteristics............................................................................ 6 3.1.1 Gender ................................................................................. 6 3.1.2 Age at Divorce ....................................................................... 8 3.2 Family Characteristics.......................................................................... 9 3.2.1 Socio-economic Status .............................................................. 9 3.2.2 Ethno-cultural Background...................................................
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...In the first text an 18-year-old girl called Sophia Chua-Rubenfeld comments on the way her mother raised her as a child. The mother has talked about her methods, when it comes to upbringing of children, in an essay. She states that her daughter only was allowed to do what she demanded. Sophia seems to be quite grateful for the way she was brought up: “I think your strict parenting forced me to be more independent.” (text 1, ll. 30-31). She was taught having an independent state of mind and of that she’s especially happy for her mother. In contrast to Sophia’s upbringing, text 2 and 3 represent a completely opposite view on how children should be raised. In text 2 Kate Loveys writes about Dr. Bryan Caplan’s opinion on raising children, as he’s parenting guru. They give a view on how parents should be more relaxed about raising their children and how not to be control freaks, which doesn’t do your child any good: “Quit fretting over how much TV your kids watch. Don’t force them to do a million activities they hate” (text 2 ll. 17-19). According to Dr. Caplan, allowing kids to do what they want is nature and only relieves the parents. He believes parents should cut some slack, which is for the better both for the parents but also the child. In text 3 A.S. Neill states that children should have no leash in terms of what the child finds interesting. Neill uses a famous Russian ballet dancer Nijinsky as an example. Even though Nijinsky was restricted getting further in the...
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...1002/icd.578 Relationships among Parenting Practices, Parental Stress, Child Behaviour, and Children’s SocialCognitive Development Nicole R. Guajardoa,Ã, Gregory Snyderb and Rachel Petersenc Department of Psychology, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, V A, USA b Children’s Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA c Psychological Assessment Specialists, Pocatello, ID, USA a The present study included observational and self-report measures to examine associations among parental stress, parental behaviour, child behaviour, and children’s theory of mind and emotion understanding. Eighty-three parents and their 3- to 5-year-old children participated. Parents completed measures of parental stress, parenting (laxness, overreactivity), and child behaviour (internalizing, externalizing); children completed language, theory of mind, and emotion understanding measures. Parent–child interactions also were observed (N 5 47). Laxness and parenting stress predicted children’s theory of mind performance and parental usage of imitative gestures and vocalizations accounted for unique variance in emotion understanding. Associations also were found between child behaviour and emotion understanding. Results provide support for direct and indirect associations between parent–child interactions and early social-cognitive development. Copyright r 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key words: parenting; theory of mind; emotion; parental stress ...
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...It would be gross injustice to categorize all children and youths as lacking in manners and morals, but the general trend would certainly suggest there has been a major decline among many of them. Family values have changed dramatically in the past few decades, producing a crop of undisciplined teenagers and children who lack morals and manners as a result of poor training. Good manners were once the norm with young people very much aware the older generation. Saying "please" and "thank you", giving up a seat on the bus and holding open doors were all considered normal mannerly behavior. Times have changed and we now live in a predominantly me-first society which is reflected in many young people. If good manners are taught at an early age, they will generally continue to be part of the personality of the young child all the way into adulthood. The lack of good manners observed in society in general is no doubt a reflection of the situation found within the home. Without parental example and training the area of manners, it is likely the children will sadly lack in displaying them. The same can be said of the lack of morals we find in many of today's youth. A large proportion of children have grown up with little or no respect for authority, for property, for family or even themselves. Living a life of immorality is considered normal behavior today and has produced a bumper crop of young people with venereal disease, unwanted pregnancies and a feeling of emptiness in their...
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...Issue Analysis Child rearing and career pursuit are commonplace during early adulthood although men and women experience the two differently for obvious reasons. Women have the biological requirement to carry the growing child during pregnancy and giving birth. Nature also wired women with a maternal instinct to nurture and care for their children. Biology places women in a position that often puts them at odds with their career objectives. The level of success of the feminist movement to place women on an equal platform in the workplace with men is debatable. Further, whether professional women are opting out of the workplace by choice or are forced out by socio-cultural pressures is in question. Some observers suggest that the feminist movement has not gone far enough whereas others suggest that the movement has already served its purpose. In this paper, I examine the pros and cons on either side of the issue. I will also explore optional roles adults may adopt through their primary roles as parent, spouse, or through career pursuits. Often professional women leave their careers giving family priority. However, the rationale that drives that choice is debatable. Strengths and Weaknesses of the Pro Side Linda Hirschman in an article titled “Homeward Bound,” takes the position that while publicly and professionally attitudes toward women’s roles have changed allowing them greater opportunity in the business world. However, Hirschman (2005 p. 341) notes “private lives have...
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...My child, Mason, did turn out the way I wanted him to. Mason was influenced by both nature and nurture. According to the text on page 12, “nature refers to traits, abilities, and capacities that are inherited from one’s parents. It encompasses any factor that is produced by the predetermined unfolding of genetic information- a process known as maturation.” Mason was influenced by nature because of the genes he possessed from his father and I. Mason gets his skin tone, and eye color from his genetic material. Mason’s genetic material told him to become a boy and not a girl. This all happened after conception, and his billions of cells formed to create him. Even though nature is the main physical component of a person, I feel that nurture is...
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...CWV-101: Finding Scripture: God and Creation Worksheet and Journal #3 Module 3 - Part 1 Finding Scriptures: God and Creation Worksheet For Part 1 of this assignment, you will complete this worksheet by finding the Scriptures listed below. Please keep your answers brief. Solid academic writing is expected. Refer to the GCU Academic Writing Guidelines in the Student Success Center. Give a brief summary after each passage listed below. God: Matthew 3:13-17 – The baptism of Jesus is explained in this passage as well as the impact that it had on him. It also explains the role John played in Jesus’ life and who he really was. Matthew 28:16-20 – This passage explains how the people helped get the word of God out to others. It also explains the power that was given to Jesus. I Corinthians 12:3-6 – This passage teaches us that while we may do something’s that Jesus could do, we cannot do them all. We will never be him. John 1:1-5 – This passage discusses the start of things. It is vital that we remember that no matter how difficult life may seem as long as we have the word of God there is nothing that we cannot handle. John 17:20-26 – We are a part of Jesus who is a part of God who are all one. 2 Corinthians 13:14– God has given us grace. No matter what obstacles we may face throughout life, it is by his grace that we endure. ------------------------------------------------- The scriptures above shape the world view of a Christian because they explain how important God...
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...three main parenting styles.: authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive. (INSERT SOURCE) In this paper, I will be discussing the affect that my parent’s style had on me, and how all three parenting styles affect other people. Another thing I will be talking about is the nature vs. nurture debate correlating with mental health. As many things do, parenting styles fall onto a spectrum. At one end of the spectrum, you have authoritarian parenting. Authoritarian parents tend to be strict, demanding, and very dictatorial. On the complete opposite end of the spectrum, you have permissive parents. Permissive parents are very laid back, will let the child do anything, and don’t give their children...
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...starts to suck simulating the way they naturally eat. * Gag reflex: gagging when the throat or back of the mouth is stimulated. * Startle reflex: pulling arms and legs in after hearing loud noise. * Babinski reflex: occurs when the big toe moves toward the top surface of the foot and the other toes fan out after the sole of the foot has been firmly stroked. * Social development * Social behavior based on the social relationship experienced Parenting Styles (enumerate and describe) Parenting Style | Parent Behavior | Child’s Behavior | 1 Authoritarian Parenting | These parents have high demands, but are not responsive to their children. According to Baumrind, these parents "are obedience- and status-oriented, and expect their orders to be obeyed without explanation" (1991). | Children resulting from this type of parenting may have less social competence because the parent generally tells the child what to do instead of allowing the child to choose by him or herself. | 2 Authoritative Parenting | They are assertive, but not intrusive and restrictive. Their disciplinary methods are supportive, rather than punitive. They want their children to be assertive as well as socially responsible, and self-regulated as well as cooperative" (1991). | This is supposed to result in children having a higher self esteem and independence because of the...
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...Running head: Human Development Human Development Teresa Smith Submitted to Eileen O’Brien BA; MA; in partial fulfillment of RC210 Discernment and Human Development Regis University Introduction Human development consists of many theory’s that help us to develop a perspective on why, how, what and where we are in our lives. Erickson, Kohlberg and Fowler’s human development stages and levels give us a clearer understanding of these levels, including, proper attitudes and behaviors toward others in society. Human Development Erickson’s Stage Seven, Middle Adulthood: Generativity versus Stagnation occurs during middle adulthood. During middle adulthood a person will go through a period of growth and maturity that will allow that person to become either generative or stagnant. When a person becomes generative “they will show concern for others and think about the future.” (Useful Study Charts-Learn Visually, Erickson) This person becomes mature enough to know that the caring about themselves and the people around is important. A generative person cares about the well being of not only themselves but also for the society as a whole. If a person does not experience this type of growth in to generativity then he/she will show signs of stagnation. Those who stagnate are selfish and only think about what will make he/she happy. Rarely will they ever think about how what they do affects everybody else as well. I have gone through this stage and feel that...
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...InterContinental University Online April 16, 2012 I agree with experts that weakening families are the cause of some of the problems society faces today. There isn’t enough discipline, morals and value put into the children anymore. Parents have become too lenient with their children and this is why things are getting worse for them as they grow up. Since the 1960s, women are more independent when it comes to finances, which has resulted in high tensions in marriages. When a marriage consists of emotional and physical abuse, it is best that it is dissolved for the children’s sake. This on the other had causes children to suffer in school and social relationships in the wake of going through a divorce. Parents bring conflicts into their parenting and their romantic lives, drudging up their childhood memories and too often putting their own needs before their kids. The emotional toll of divorce becomes feelings of loss, rage and mourning for everyone involved. It also often becomes parentification of a child eventually (Castelloe, 2011). According to Castelloe, “alloparenting” or collaborative nurturing is one more way to set back the rupture of families. Extended family members can play a role in children’s’ lives to help them learn to control themselves emotionally and teach them how to tolerate frustration and prolonged gratification. But when couples have children later in life, there is no extended family support available. The village that was once there to help raise...
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