...English 101 Education: Teacher’s Union Power Over the years unions have provided many benefits to union workers through collective bargaining. One of the biggest union forces in the United States is the teachers union. With almost close to 5 million members nationwide, the teachers union is one of the most powerful unions. Through collective bargaining, problems have been created for the public school system which takes place at local school districts; rules have been imposed to create ineffective forms of organization at schools. The rules that are currently in place by collective bargaining are also creating a big disconnection with many public schools, that being the interest of the children. The teachers union is one main role players that is behind the organized education system of the United States. So, why are the public schools systems in the United States failing? The answer can be complicated a one, one of the reasons why the public school system is broken is due to the collective bargaining through the teachers union. Collective bargaining has made great impact on student achievement, as a result, the teacher unions have often used their political power to block or weaken major education reform efforts, efforts that would expand school choice for many students and parents. School districts that engage in collective bargaining only promote job interest for teachers. The collective bargaining with teachers union does not promote an effective way for students to succeed...
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...contrast three (3) of the major union organizations in the United States Since 1857 the National Education Association has united educators from across the country to have voice for public education. During this time having the ability to read and write was not as common as it is today. Often times this was looked at as a crime for most black children, and minorities. Now in 2012 education has advanced and transformed into not only a profession but a way of life. The NEA has over 2.5 million members and is growing each and every day (National Education Assosication, 2002). NEA advocates for the justice and equality for education for all children regardless of income, race, religion, or orientation. The NEA strives to have great public schools for every student, and to advocate for education professionals to help fulfill a promise we have to our public education systems. The promise is to help prepare every student to succeed in a diverse and interdependent world (National Education Assosication, 2002). Public education is a given right to every citizen, and is a vital part of building respect for the worth, dignity, and equality of every individual in our diverse society. Education is the foundation of our republic, and should always be taken seriously. Al Sharpton said “Literacy is the key to Liberation”, I know this to be true. Communications Workers of America is another union I want to discuss. The CWA is the largest telecommunications union in the world. It represents over...
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...passed in the 1930s, which gave workers the right to bargain collectively and form unions in the United States (http://www.investorglossary.com/labor-relations.htm). To begin to understand the contributions of unions and their effects on organizations, we must first determine what unions are and what their role has been in labor relations and the nation’s organizations. Labor unions are groups formed by laborers who share a certain characteristics. Characteristics such as the industry, the type of work they do, and who agree that the union will act as their spokesperson or negotiator in all matters dealing with employment involving the employees and their respective employers. By forming unions, employees individually are able to work concurrently to negotiate with their employers to promote every member of the union. The course of bargaining for mutually beneficial benefits or agreements, and the communication between employees and their employers during that process and after that process, are what forms the basis of labor relations. Labor relations cover all aspects of an organization and of being an employee and all negotiations, discussions, and interactions between employers and employees (Razi, A., Ramzan, M., Atif, A., S., Khan, H., Hassan, Z. 2012). From child labor to recent day unions, labor relations have been a significant deal in the United States. Labor relations and unions will be distinct while investigating the impact on organizations. An organization’s...
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...AKRAB BERSAMA SANDI MATEMATIKA Oleh : Fithri Angelia Permana, S.Si (WI LPMP NAD) Apakah matematika ilmu yang 'sulit'? Secara umum, semakin kompleks suatu fenomena, semakin kompleks pula alat (dalam hal ini jenis matematika) yang melalui berbagai perumusan (model matematikanya) diharapkan mampu untuk mendapatkan atau sekedar mendekati solusi eksak seakurat-akuratnya.Jadi tingkat kesulitan suatu jenis atau cabang matematika bukan disebabkan oleh jenis atau cabang matematika itu sendiri, tetapi disebabkan oleh sulit dan kompleksnya fenomena yang solusinya diusahakan dicari atau didekati oleh perumusan (model matematikanya) dengan menggunakan jenis atau cabang matematika tersebut. Sebaliknya berbagai fenomena fisik yg mudah di amati, misalnya jumlah penduduk di seluruh Indonesia, tak memerlukan jenis atau cabang matematika yang canggih. Kemampuan aritmatika sudah cukup untuk mencari solusi (jumlah penduduk) dengan keakuratan yang cukup tinggi.Dalam matematika sering digunakan simbol-simbol yang umum dikenal oleh matematikawan. Sering kali pengertian simbol ini tidak dijelaskan, karena dianggap maknanya telah diketahui. Hal ini kadang menyulitkan bagi mereka yang awam. Daftar berikut ini berisi banyak simbol beserta artinya. Matematika sebagai bahasa Di manakah letak semua konsep-konsep matematika, misalnya letak bilangan 1? Banyak para pakar matematika, misalnya para pakar Teori Model (lihat model matematika) yg juga mendalami filosofi di balik konsep-konsep matematika bersepakat...
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...Nov 3, 2010 Jack Nelson's Problem An article for Human Resources Management course, Gary Dessler 12/e, page: 52 1st Question: What do you think is causing some of the problems in the bank’s home office and branches? - There is not any communication between branch supervisors, home offices, and other branches. The supervisor employ their own employee without any communication with the main branch. The major problem is high employee turnover, actually there can be many reason for turnover, however in the text this is a result of when an employee would be hired, they would be resign another employee. In additionally, Ruth Johnson has been working in a home office for two months, howeever she does not know what the machine called she used and what it did. That means, there is not any HR to asist her about that machine. 2nd Question: Do you think setting up an HR unit in the main office would help? - Setting up an HR unit in the main office would help the managers. Through the HR unit the bank can employ the educated bankers and reduce turnover ratios. I mean, because of HR unit will work for supervisors’ and line managers’ needs, the employee which apply the job probably educated by HR unit about the which machine or computer software does he/ she have to. As a result of HR unit, turnovers decrase and efficiency increases in the bank. 3rd Question: What specific functions should an HR unit carry out? What HR functions would then be carried out by supervisors...
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...Labor Unions — Are They Still Relevent Labor Unions were formed in the mid-19th century in response to the changes brought on by the Industrial Revolution. The labor unions were established to help workers with low pay, unsafe working conditions and long hours—to name a few. Their main goal was to ensure that all working people were treated justly in the work force. “Working people have a lot of concerns in this economy. They want decent pay. They want benefits. And of course they want job security. All the reasons why they need union representation” (Crane, 2012). Is that statement still true today? Do labor unions want the best for the working person or are unions another example of something good gone bad? Many people believe Labor Unions were essential in the 19th century but now with government oversight and business practices, unions are no longer required. Labor Unions Needed Agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the social, economic and cultural conditions during the Industrial Revolution. As the revolution progressed, business moved from a mom-and-pop model to a machine-and-factory production model. Families quickly moved from the rural areas to the cities. They hoped to improve their standard of living. This meant ever member of the family had to work, regardless of sex or age. People worked for long hours for low wages, in dangerous and repetitive conditions, and with little-to-no job...
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...UNION SENIORITY SYSTEMS Introduction Seniority systems have played a major role in the everyday aspect of American and International labor relations. And in enacting Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Congress provided a special exemption for seniority systems. Seniority systems popularity the work places makes the interpretation of the seniority exemption very important to both those who support seniority systems, Labor Unions, and those who support the broadest possible application of Title VII, Employers. The concept of seniority systems entails employment preferences based on an employee’s length of employment at a given employer. The basic concept is as the employee’s length of service increases so does their employment benefits and rights. There are two basic types of seniority systems – competitive and benefit seniority. Competitive seniority is used to determine an employee’s priority for job security, promotion, transfer, scheduling, and training opportunities. Benefit seniority involves the employee’s access to fringe benefits entitlements without regard to the status of other employees. Labor unions have been the strongest advocate for seniority systems, seeing three labor-oriented advantages: 1) employee’s have a degree of independence from employers in the areas of laid off and promotions, 2) the union has a guide when it comes to defending jobs for employees, and 3) seniority systems gives a sense of security and predictability for employee’s...
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...employees earn less than private sector employees, but in the public sector you earn better benefits and have better job security. This is no longer the case as Republican led legislators are fighting to cut public sector benefits and the right of public sector employees to collectively bargain. Public sector unions are still very strong, and the union members need to trust these unions to bargain for them. To put the union topic in perspective, back in 1974, most of the biggest unions--except for the National Education Association--were private-sector unions. However, by 2007, most of the biggest unions were public-sector union. Second, both the biggest union in 2007 (the NEA) and the fifth-biggest union in 2007 (the UFCW) were substantially larger than the first- and fifth-biggest unions in 1974. This trend has shifted as we see almost no private sector unions, and the ones in the public sector constantly under attack. Throughout this paper, I will argue for the need for public sector employees to be allowed to strike as part of the negotiation process. I will also go over the history of collectively bargaining laws, how they apply to the public sector, and talk about unions in general throughout the process. Background There is an inherent level of conflict between employers and employees. This clash is a result of employees seeking higher wages and job security with the employers trying to turn the biggest profit possible. Turning a profit in the public sector is not an...
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...Teacher Salaries, State Collective Bargaining Laws, and Union Coverage Barry T. Hirsch, Georgia State University David A. Macpherson, Trinity University John V. Winters, University of Cincinnati Initial draft, June 2010 Current draft, December 2012 Abstract What are the causal effects of collective bargaining (CB) on teacher salaries? This seemingly simple question is difficult to answer because (a) national data measuring school district salaries and collective bargaining is limited in scope, while individual teacher data from the CPS mismeasure CB coverage; (b) union wage effects depend not only on coverage but also on an array of CB law provisions difficult to quantify; (c) union coverage and state CB laws are endogenous since each has been influenced by union sentiment among workers and voters; and (d) OLS estimates of the wage effect of CB coverage and laws may be biased by measurement error and endogeneity. We attempt to address these issues using measures of historical labor sentiment, by creating indices of CB law strength, and by using alternative national data sets containing information on teacher salaries and coverage. As in prior studies, we find modest union salary effects for teachers using standard methods, albeit smaller than found for the private sector. A union benefits premium estimated from SASS substantially exceeds the salary premium. Estimates of CB law and coverage effects using IV (with historical data measuring labor sentiment...
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...FISCAL POLICY IN GERMANY AND IN GREECE DURING THE RECESSION IN 2008-2009 By Mohammad Waqas Approved _________________________________________ (……………………………..) A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelors of ……. May 2011 Abstract Recession has been a highlighted feature of the world economy over the past few decades. Recession has added importance to the discretionary fiscal policy because monetary policy and automatic stabilizers could not pull back the economy from recession on their own. The case of EU countries is of great significance in times of recession because of certain common policies which the member states have to follow. The research is theoretical in nature synthesizing previously done studies in the same field. Fiscal policy in Germany and Greece during the recession in 2008-2009 is being analyzed to come up with the better policy measure. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract……………………………………………………………………………….3 TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………….….4 1.INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………….………………5 2. OVERVIEW………………………………………………………….…………….9 3. RECESSION IN EUROPE 2008-2009…………………………………………..11 3.1. Recession in Greece………………………………………...…………...…..13 3.2. Recession in Germany……………………………………...…………...…..17 4. EU FISCAL POLICY………………………………………………………....….20 5. POLICY TOOLS………………………………………………………………….23 6. FISCAL POLICY IMPLICATIONS …………………………………………….25 6.1 Greece ………………………………………………………………………..25 6.1.1 Pre Crisis...
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...AFRICA’S DEVELOPMENT: THE IMPERATIVES OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE AND VALUES by MARTIN ODEI AJEI submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the subject PHILOSOPHY at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA PROMOTER: PROFESSOR M. B. RAMOSE AUGUST 2007 Contents Declaration Acknowledgement List of Acronyms Key terms Summary vi vii viii x xi INTRODUCTION: DEVELOPMENT AND PHILOSOPHY i. Statement of the Problem ii. Against Economism iii. Critique of Competition iv. Poverty is Unnatural v. Thesis Statement vi. Methodology vii. Structure of Dissertation 1 1 1 5 6 9 10 15 CHAPTER ONE: DIMENSIONS OF DEVELOPMENT AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON AFRICA 1.1. What is Development 1.2. Development and Economic Growth 1.3. Schools of Development Thought and their Influence in Africa 1.3.1. The Modernization School and its Essential Claims 1.3.1.1. Growth Theory under Economic Liberalism 1.3.1.2. Evolutionary Theory 1.3.1.3. Functionalist Theory 1.3.1.4. Common Assumptions and Methodology 1.3.1.5 The Influence of Modernization on Development Practice in Africa 1.3.1.6. Critique of Modernization 1.3.2 Dependency Theory and its Essential Claims 21 21 25 27 27 28 29 30 32 34 36 39 i 1.3.3. The Theoretical Heritage of Dependency Theory 1.3.3.1. Structuralist Economics and the ‘Prebisch Thesis’ 1.3.3.2. Marxism 1.3.4. Common Assumptions of Dependency Theory 1.3.5. Criticisms of Dependency Theory 1.3.6. The Influence of Dependency Theory on African Development Practice...
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...Solutions for End-of-Chapter Questions and Problems: Chapter Two 1. What are the differences between community banks, regional banks, and money-center banks? Contrast the business activities, location, and markets of each of these bank groups. Community banks typically have assets under $1 billion and serve consumer and small business customers in local markets. In 2006, 93.4 percent of the banks in the United States were classified as community banks. However, these banks held only 12.4 percent of the assets of the banking industry. In comparison with regional and money-center banks, community banks typically hold a larger percentage of assets in consumer and real estate loans and a smaller percentage of assets in commercial and industrial loans. These banks also rely more heavily on local deposits and less heavily on borrowed and international funds. Regional banks range in size from several billion dollars to several hundred billion dollars in assets. The banks normally are headquartered in larger regional cities and often have offices and branches in locations throughout large portions of the United States. Although these banks provide lending products to large corporate customers, many of the regional banks have developed sophisticated electronic and branching services to consumer and residential customers. Regional banks utilize retail deposit bases for funding, but also develop relationships with large corporate customers and international money centers. ...
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...Running head: GAINING POWER AND INFLUENCE Gaining Power and Influence at the Credit Union Jessica L. Styer Trident University International MGT 302 Module 2 SLP Gaining Power and Influence at the Credit Union “Everyone has power. Everyone. And, I don’t believe that power is a bad thing. The issue becomes what kind of power a person has and how someone uses that power.” (Lauby, 2010) Referent Power and Expert Power are the two main types of power that I use to gain power and influence in my position as a service and sales trainer at the credit union. Referent Power Referent power “is sometimes thought of as charisma, charm, admiration, or appeal. Referent power comes from one person liking and respecting another, and strongly identifying with that person in some way.” (Mindtools.com) I have been told by other co-workers that I have charisma and appeal. I have a very positive outlook at work and in my training sessions. I train on the two things that most people struggle with; consist exceptional member service and sales. This is why I use referent power to influence my trainees. Trainees come to me when things are not going well and they are very negative. If I followed the same mindset as my trainees, then we would not get any improvement. I need to show them that they can be successful and sales and member service is positive. Expert Power Expert power is “when you have knowledge and skills that enable you to understand a situation, suggest solutions,...
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...After watching the documentary Pane Amaro (Bitter Bread), I learned of the hardships that Italian immigrants had to endure in the United States. Prior to watching this documentary, I had no idea that Italians had endured any form of racism. According to the documentary “Italians were equivalent to today’s Islamic terrorist,” this was quite surprising to learn because this comparison helped gauge the amount of racial tension Italian immigrants faced in the United States during the late 1880s to the early 1900s. The reason why Italians were racially persecuted was due to their close proximity with African Americans. Although Italian immigrants were not Negroes because, they lived near African Americans and worked the same jobs they were not clearly racially defined. This was the root for much resentment towards Italians, such was the case in the assassination of the David Hennessey on October 10th 1890 and his dying words were “The dagoes got me.” Dagoes which is a common offensive derogatory term for Italians, and 9 Italians were put on trial but the court finds them not guilty due to lack of evidence. The verdict of the New Orleans court incites anger and a mob of 10,000 storm the prison and lynch the 9 Italian inmates. Italians faced hardships while immigrating to the United States. Immigrants were screened at Ellis Island in order to come through the United States. Italian immigrants were marked with an X or a O, those that were marked with a X were sent back either due...
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...Multinationals and their impact on Labour Scene 28 October, 2012 Multinationals and their impact on Labour Scene Table of Contents 1. BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................... 2 2. PRE AND POST LIBERALIZATION ............................................................................................... 3 3. INDIAN LABOUR LAWS ............................................................................................................. 4 4. PRESENT SCENARIO OF LABOUR AND MNCs IN INDIA ........................................................... 8 5. PERCEPTION OF LABOUR ABOUT MNCs ................................................................................ 10 6. RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................................. 11 7. INTERVIEW WITH INDUSTRY EXPERTS ................................................................................... 13 8. BIBLOGRAPHY.......................................................................................................................... 15 MDI-PGPM-HRM-Term-II Page 1 Multinationals and their impact on Labour Scene BACKGROUND India was predominantly an agricultural economy till Independence in 1947. Even after Independence, the First Five-Year Plan (1951 —56) laid emphasis on agriculture. With the Second FiveYear Plan (1956 — 61) there was a shift towards heavy...
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