...trade issues. Acting as treasurer several factors would have to be developed and monitored when expanding internationally such as money exchange, current exchange rates, cash flow, bribery, tariffs, and international trade laws for the company. Having knowledge of the country’s culture is very important simply to keep the lines of communication open and most of all not to offend someone. Determinants of foreign entry and how would our company enter A few factors that determines if our company is qualified to enter China are as follows; the size of the firm my play a significant role in the organization’s entry into the country. The profitability of the company would indicate experience and target a dimension of competition within the country. (Culture Distance) Our firm will enter the country with a licensing agreement that is wholly owned by its affiliates. (Market Knowledge) The organizations will have an advantage by using the wholly owned entry mode as we gain knowledge and get a better understanding about the environment. Having high-control entry modes will allow the company to establish manufacturing plants that will supply their tires to dominant automotive companies due to the company’s experience. (Value of firm-specific assets) The company will also enter the country having full control of the venture by utilizing specific technology giving the business...
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...Substitutes: High * Google may have a competitive advantage over the rest of the search engines, however being so easy to select a different search engine and with Microsoft trying to forward its own product through its operating system, might change the figures in the future. Threat of Entry: Medium-high * New search providers might concentrate on localized search and succeed into getting a niche in that area, however when it comes to global search there is a high entry barrier due to the large scale of information and infrastructure already acquired by the biggest companies. Rivalry between Established Competitors: Medium * Currently the four biggest search engines are Google, Microsoft’s Bing, Yahoo, and AOL. However, Google has the largest piece of the market and seems to be ahead of the others with Bing being on the rise and the rest three very close to each other. Smaller ones such as Altavista, Lycos and Excite do not seem to pose a direct threat to any of the biggest four. Bargaining Power of Buyers: Low * Advertisers recognize that the biggest providers together concentrate the largest number of searches, around 95% of the total. Therefore there is no room for negotiating advertisement prices. Also, even if a few users change search engine, it is unlikely to have any effect. Bargaining power of Suppliers: Low * The essence behind the search engines is their computer infrastructure. The biggest companies have such wealth that they can keep acquiring...
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...Press • Princeton, New Jersey MANAGING ACROSS CULTURES NEGOTIATING ACROSS CULTURES NEGOTIATING ACROSS CULTURES Published by: PRINCETON TRAINING PRESS Princeton, New Jersey a division of TRAINING MANAGEMENT CORPORATION 600 Alexander Road Princeton, New Jersey 08540-6011 USA Tel: Fax: Web: Email: (609) 951-0525 (609) 951-0395 www.tmcorp.com info@tmcorp.com Editor-in-Chief: Series Manager: Writer: Cover Design: Interior Design: Monique Rinere-Güven, Ph.D. Talia Bloch Robert J. Greenleaf Donna Lukis Bonnie Jacobs © 2000 TRAINING MANAGEMENT CORPORATION. Managing Across Cultures Series: Negotiating Across Cultures All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-882390-911 The Cultural Orientations Indicator®, COI® and TMC’s graphical depiction of our Cultural Orientations Model are registered trademarks of Training Management Corporation; Registration: 2,329,085 and 2,361,803. 4 Training Management Corporation TABLE OF Preface OF CONTENTS TABLE CONTENTS iii Introduction 1 Negotiation Defined Negotiating Across Cultures Chapter One: The Impact of Culture on Negotiating Behavior Case Scenario The Ten Dimensions of Culture Cultural...
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...New Entry | Rivalry | Suppliers | Buyers | Substitutes | High/Mod/Low | High/Mod/Low | High/Mod/Low | High/Mod/Low | High/Mod/Low | Barriers to entry (reverse) - Are Economies of Scale an important part of this industry?(Y/N) - Do incumbent firms possess substantial brand identification and customer loyalty that potential entrants do not? (Y/N) - Are there significant cost advantages independent of scale in this industry (Table 2.2)? (Y/N) - Do governments regulate this industry? (Y/N)Yes answers suggest barriers to entry resulting in lower threat of new entry. | - Are there a large number of competing firms that are roughly similar in size (e.g. industry not dominated by one or a few)? (Y/N) - Is this industry experiencing slow industry growth? (Y/N) - Are competing firms unable to significantly differentiate their products in this industry? (Y/N) - Is production capacity added in very large increments (as measured at the industry level)? (Y/N) - Do firms primarily compete on price? (Y/N)Yes answers suggest reasons for higher threat of rivalry. If any answers are “yes” determine the impact of that response to assess threat of rivalry | - Is there only a small number of firms supplying this industry? (Y/N) -Are the products/ services from suppliers highly differentiated? (Y/N) - Are Suppliers to this industry NOT threatened by substitutes? (Y/N) - Can suppliers to this industry credibly forward vertically integrate and compete in the industry? (Y/N) - Are the firms...
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...drink industry has produced an immeasurable amount of fluids consumed. In 2012 a study conducted by the Huffington Post found that 48% of Americans drink soda on a daily basis. It’s no surprise that the soft drink industry is a multi billion-dollar industry. Just like any other large, established industry, it is almost impossible for a smaller organization to enter the trade and be profitable. It is especially difficult to compete in the soft drink industry with the two tycoons The Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo. Having been around for as long as they have –Coca Cola 1892, PepsiCo 1965 the two companies have crushed their industry rivals and dominated the soda trade making the threat of potential entrants extremely low. The barriers to entry are too high because of unequal access to distribution channels. Usually consumers acquire their soft drinks alongside a meal at a restaurant or maybe a gas station. No restaurant is going to place a new soft drink flavor alongside popular generic flavors that are known to sell and no gas station is going to sell a product that they’re unsure is going to sell. Not only that but the capital requirements required in order to compete with The Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo are inconceivable. A smaller organization may attempt to market their products locally and survive but it will never produce high revenues that will be a threat. Certainly the power of suppliers is high in the soft drink industry as it is practically a monopoly led by the...
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...analyzed and scanned. These are the steps that determine what obstacles and competitors stand in the way of success and how to overcome them. The final step in strategic analysis is the assessment of a firms intellectual assets and how to retain them such as: the knowledge worker, means of networking and technological enhancement of employee collaboration. Strategy formulation is developed on several levels and begins with the formulation of a business-level strategy; achieving and sustaining competitive advantage. Next would be the formulation of a corporate level strategy which addresses a firm’s effort to create synergies within the businesses it will be competing in. Going into the international market will take not only an entry strategy but also a means of how to sustain competitive advantages. The last step in strategy formulation deals with taking advantage of opportunities to create new value within the firm. The last step in the strategic management process is strategy implementation. A house cannot be built with just the right tools. One needs to know how to utilize these tools correctly and...
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...RISK OF ENTRY Several factors contribute to the risk of entry into the carbonated soft drink (CSD) industry. Although profitable for existing concentrate manufacturers, the carbonated soft drink industry has a low risk of entry. The investment required to achieve competitive economies of scale increases the risk of entry into the market. Investments in capital to furnish the manufacturing plant are relatively low; however, the majority of the expense is in marketing, promotion, advertising, market research, and bottler support. According to the data provided, (Exhibits 4 and 5) concentrate producers spent $1.9 billion dollars in advertising in 2009. This volume of advertising over such a long period creates an extraordinary level of awareness for the Coke and Pepsi brands. The intense rivalry between the two brands also helped create extreme brand loyalty amongst consumers. Coke and Pepsi alike have spent years negotiating with bottlers, retailers, and suppliers to establish absolute cost advantage. Newcomers to the market could not achieve the type of relationships with these essential players in a short period. Bottlers obtain franchise agreements with the concentrate manufacturers and are assigned a geographic territory in which finish product may be distributed. Although concentrate prices are competitive between manufacturers, bottlers are bound by agreement to sell only specific brands and may prohibit bottlers from acquiring new brands. The Soft Drink Interbrand Competition...
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... OBJECTIVE Results-oriented Accounting Professional with excellent experience and strong managerial skills to attain a challenging position offering major responsibility and long-term asset. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE January 2007 to May 2014 Prillerman & Associates Duluth, GA Accountant Prepares income tax return forms for individuals and small businesses: Reviews financial records, such as prior tax return forms, income statements, and documentation of expenditures to determine forms needed to prepare return. Interviews client to obtain additional information on taxable income and deductible expenses and allowances. Computes taxes owed, using adding machine, and completes entries on forms, following tax form instructions and tax tables. Consults tax law handbooks or bulletins to determine procedure for preparation of atypical returns. Occasionally verifies totals on forms prepared by others to detect errors of arithmetic or procedure. Calculates form preparation fee according to complexity of return and amount of time required to prepare forms. January 2007 to January 2010 Prommis Solutions, LLC Roswell, GA Sr. Billing Analyst Generate invoices to be sent to clients from the Invoice Export Tool Bar. Generate credits as required into Great Plains and Casetrac. Produce report and daily audits from the billing system. Accountable for the activities and outcomes...
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...bottlers associated costs. A normal concentrate manufacturing plant would cost roughly $50 to $100 million and could handle a population the size of the U.S. Most of Concentrate expenses come from advertising, promotion, market research, and bottler support. This causes the gross profits for the concentrate business to be at 32% margin for their operating expenses. Besides their production responsibilities, the concentrate business is also the one who builds relationships and negotiates with large retail corporations, while the bottlers take over small regional accounts in restaurants or cooler freezers. The concentrate business is also always looking for ways to improve the bottlers operations to make it more efficient, sometimes even negotiating with the bottlers’ suppliers. This is why the concentrate manufacturers have more influence over the economics of the business. On the other hand, bottlers are responsible for purchasing the concentrate, adding carbonated water and high-fructose corn syrup, and then packaging the product into bottles or cans and transporting it to their customer accounts. Bottlers incur a lot of manufacturing costs because their processes calls for very expensive high-speed mass production lines, for every product type that differs in canned or bottled, sizes and specifications, there needs to be a separate...
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...Purdue extension EC-722 Industry Analysis: The Five Forces Cole Ehmke, Joan Fulton, and Jay Akridge Department of Agricultural Economics Kathleen Erickson, Erickson Communications Sally Linton Department of Food Science Overview Assessing Your Marketplace The economic structure of an industry is not an accident. Its complexities are the result of long-term social trends and economic forces. But its effects on you as a business manager are immediate because it determines the competitive rules and strategies you are likely to use. Learning about that structure will provide essential insight for your business strategy. Michael Porter has identified five forces that are widely used to assess the structure of any industry. Porter’s five forces are the: • Bargaining power of suppliers, • Bargaining power of buyers, • Threat of new entrants, • Threat of substitutes, and • Rivalry among competitors. Together, the strength of the five forces determines the profit potential in an industry by influencing the prices, costs, and required investments of businesses—the elements of return on investment. Stronger forces are associated with a more challenging business environment. To identify the important structural features of your industry via the five forces, you conduct an industry analysis that answers the question, “What are the key factors for competitive success?” Audience: Business managers seeking to assess the nature of their marketplace Content: Presents five...
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...international financial institutions over their stabilisation and adjustment programmes. At different periods substantial attention has also been paid to global negotiations under the auspices of the United Nations and its specialized agencies, such as GATT. Furthermore, some governments have been intensely involved in negotiations with international companies in the fields such as natural resources telecommunications. It is not possible in a single presentation to distill and synthesise this wide variety of experiences into a set of reflections. What I shall do is to concentrate on the governmental trade and economic negotiations with overseas countries and groups of countries, partly because we are on the threshold of new negotiations for entry in to NAFTA, and the lessons of the past may be of some help in structuring the future. THE PREPARATORY PROCESS Starting first with the issue of how CARICOM has prepared for international negotiations, the typical pattern has been for the Heads of Government to agree on a broad strategy, leaving it to a Committee of Ministers, drawn from the CARICOM Council, to work out the detailed approach to the...
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...2.1 Incorporation of Organization EXIM Bank Limited was established in 1999 under the leadership of Late Mr. Shahjahan Kabir, founder chairman who had a long dream of floating a commercial bank that would contribute to the socio-economic development of our country. A group of highly qualified and successful entrepreneurs joined their hands with the founder chairman to materialize his dream. This bank starts functioning from 3rd August 1999 with Mr. Alamgir Kabir, FCA as the Advisor and Mr. Mohammad Lakiotullah as the Managing Director. Both of them have long experience in the financial sector of our country. By their pragmatic decision and management directives in the operational activities, this bank has earned a secured and distinctive position in the banking industry in terms of performance, growth, and excellent management. The bank has migrated all of its conventional banking operation into Shariah based Islami banking since July/2004. 2.2 Mission and Vision of EXIM Bank The efforts of EXIM Bank Limited are focused on delivery of quality service in all areas of banking activities with the aim to add to increased value to shareholders investment and offer highest possible benefits to the customers. Mission: ❑ To be the most caring and customer friendly and service oriented banks. ❑ To create a technology based most efficient banking environment for its customers. ❑ To ensure ethics and transparency in all levels. ...
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...Contract Law Employment Contracts Entry Level vs. Executive Entry Level Contracts The contract that is being introduced is for an entry-level position at Taboo Resort Golf and Spa. The contract itself is very generic and can apply to any entry-level position at the resort. Although the contract does not speak to specific position, it was presented to a future front desk agent. The contract is not lengthy and is divided into sections. This method assures that the future employee is reading the full contract and is not missing any important or valuable information. The following will deconstruct the contract in order to show how the resort showcases risk management. Hours, Wages &Gratuities The contract first outlines the duration of your work period. In this case a six-month period was discussed and agreed to. The front desk agent was considered as a full time position therefore it was expected to have forty hours of work a week. However, the contract notes in bold, “Please note that hours are based on business, we cannot always guarantee 40 hours per week.” This is a great example of how Taboo Resort saves them from explaining to employees why they may not be getting many hours. Though they are considered full time, it states in the contract that they are not promised these hours due to the nature of the industry. However is you are keen on working forty or more hours there is always a way to negotiate. At a resort there are many departments that need help...
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...SUMMIT BANK LIMITED MULTAN ROAD BRANCH [pic] An Internship report Submitted in Partial Fulfillment For The Degree of Masters of Science In Accounting & Finance AMNA HAMID Session (2008-2010) Department Of Accounting & FinanceKinnaird College for Women, Lahore [pic] Executive summary “The purpose of study was to know about SUMMIT BANK LIMITED and to analyze the financial statement. “ In this report the Summit Bank’s history, mission, vision and services as well as management is mentioned. After this the analysis of financial statements is conducted which shows where the Banks is standing. Banking sector of Pakistan has been transformed within a short period of 5 years from a sluggish and Government dominated sector to a much more agile, competitive and profitable industry.Speed and sequencing of banking sector transformation and its role in promoting economic growth is now a leading story of a sector succes.Within Pakistan SBP offers a story of what effective leadership of regulator and change management and corporate governance can achieve and offer.Outside pakistan it is serving to offer rich lessons in what difference governance of regulator can make and how bank restructuring and privatization can change the lanscape of of the industry. Summit Bank Limited started operations in August 2006 and became a profitable entity within one year.AHBL had started off with a high capital base and is positioned to take advantage...
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...very little role or authority and the line manager has full management role and authority under this management structure. The only way to create a partnership between both the line and project managers is by making negotiation an institutional capability by ensuring that both understand their roles and how they relate to each other, and to the goals of the organization. As seen in the example of Grupo Financiero Serfin, to help negotiation teams carry out their strategy, the company set up a systems for sharing successful practices (Ertel, 1999). The PM should always strive to have the line managers as allies in this type of organization if he wants to succeed; this could be done by following the tips listed in the “Ten Tips for Negotiating in 2014” article (Brodow, 2012). In a perfect world, they work together to manage projects and resources to the benefit of all. 2. Who should have more of a say during negotiations for the resources: the project manager or the line manager? In a weak matrix organization, the line manager will always have more leverage during resource negotiations since he manages the people under his functional area. The line manager is also aware of all the different projects that the company is currently involved, as well as all of the future work. Ideally, the project manager should have a say in the assembly of his project team since he is familiar with the customer requirements, and has a better understanding of which resources will work well...
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