...Managing Conflict In Organisation- An Overview Volume 8 Issue 4 Fall 2010 Posted On Tue, Sep 21 2010 16:46:00 Authors: Muyiwa Adeyemi Editor's Rating:0 (0 Ratings) Reader's Rating:0 (0 Ratings) Login to Rate | About Ratings Introduction In any organization, effective administration of the resources available is very important and paramount to the attainment of its objectives. The human aspect of the resources is most important and crucial as it is the one responsible for the co-ordination of other factors and more importantly conflict situation among staff cannot be over-emphasized. It is known fact that no two workers are the same, even twins are only alike. Nwakwo (1987), Craston (2002) and Onanuga and Arikewuyo (2005) describes administration as the careful and systematic arrangements and use of resources (human and material), situation and opportunities for the achievement of specific objectives of a given organization. To this end, it is worthy of note that effective organizational administration is necessary for managing conflict situation in any system, such should be embedded in the day-to-day running of the industry. Conforming to this viewpoint, Peretomode (2001) describes administration as the performance of executive duties, the carryout of policies or decisions to fulfill a purpose, and the controlling of the day-to-day running of an organization. To this extent, among the very important duties of an administrator, is the management of conflict...
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...MOI UNIVERSITY KHADIJAH KWEYU CONFLICT MANAGEMENT & NEGOTIATION BHR 107 Discuss the basic theoretical models of bargaining process and explain how they can improve individuals negotiation skills in an organisation. Introduction: Bargaining can be defined as an agreement between parties settling what each gives or receives in a transaction between them or what course of action or policy each pursues in respect to the other. The study of bargaining process involves an analysis of the actors, the stakes and the factors involved. All theories feed into each other, and combining these theories allows for a more complete understanding of the issues involved in bargaining process and therefore helps to improve individuals negotiation skills. There are several different theories analyzing the process and outcome of bargaining process as follows:- 1. Integrative Approach Model 2. Game Theory 3. Behavioral Theory 4. Power Theory 5. Optimal Agent Independence 1. Integrative Approach Model The integrative approach divides the negotiating process into three phases: • Diagnostic • Formulation • Details In the practice of negotiation, these phases are not necessarily linear. Rather, they can be repeated and addressed many times throughout the negotiation process. The toughness dilemma in the integrative approach calls for tough diagnosis in order to clearly elucidate the true interests of each party. In the formulation...
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...Answers to Pause/Break Section Review Questions Section 1.1 Review Questions 1. Define EC and e-business. Electronic commerce is the process of buying, selling, or exchanging products, services, and information via computer networks. E-business is a broader definition of EC that includes not just the buying and selling of goods and services, but also servicing customers, collaborating with business partners and conducting electronic transactions within an organization. 2. Distinguish between pure and partial EC. Companies utilizing pure EC conduct all of their business online. Businesses utilizing partial EC conduct a portion of their business online and a portion of their business off-line. 3. Define click-and-mortar and pure play organizations. Click-and-mortar organizations conduct e-commerce activities, but do their primary business in the physical world. Pure play organizations rely on the Internet and EC for all of their sales. 4. Define electronic markets, IOSs, and intraorganizational information systems. Electronic market – An online marketplace where buyers and sellers meet to exchange goods, services, money or information. IOSs – Communication systems that allow routine transaction processing and information flow between two or more organizations. Intraorganizational information systems – Communication systems that enable e-commerce activities to go on within individual organizations. 5. Describe non-Internet...
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...|Year |2013 |Exam Sitting |DECEMBER | |Subject |E-COMMERCE | |Weightage |25% |Submission Date |29/10/2013 | Regulations Deliverables Students must submit all materials supporting their coursework listed in the deliverable section. ▪ The coursework must be done individually and must be entirely your own work. Please make sure that you are aware of the rules concerning plagiarism. If you are unclear about them, please consult your program coordinator/lecturer. ▪ The coursework should exhibit formal research skills i.e. with a table of content, proper citations, references, and appendixes. ▪ Student may include additional relevant data/information apart from the proposed guidelines in conjunction to your research. Additional marks will be awarded for such attempt. ▪ Your coursework should be not more than 2000 words. ▪ You should bind your coursework with the coursework cover as the 1st page. ▪ A CD containing the softcopy version of your coursework should be submitted as well. ▪ Students have to use APA referencing style. Task Read through the following case study...
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...about an open position they had in Mumbai. Little did I know how much that one email would change the next few years of my life! I thought for a while about the invite and decided to “give it a try”. After all, I had nothing to lose if I didn’t make it through the first round of interviews. But secretly, I knew I would go all the way to the final round because I was an expert in a proprietary technology which was used in just 3 companies across India and I was the best trainer in that field. This was cemented by a line in the job description which required “training experience is a must”. So, at the back of the mind, I was just curious to know “what am I worth in the market today?” Thus, began my story which ended with the first salary negotiation of my life. About the Company L&T Infotech is a subsidiary of Larsen & Toubro (L&T), which is the largest Engineering and Construction Company in India. L&T has a dominant presence in India's infrastructure, power, hydrocarbon, machinery and railway related projects. It was featured 4 times in the Forbes Fab-50 list as one of the best public companies in the Asia Pacific region. In recent years, L&T has expanded its global presence and international projects contributed 9% of its overall order book...
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...Trade Unionism Have Affected Employee Relations 6 1.3 Role of Main Players in Employee Relations 8 2.0 Understanding the Nature of industrial Conflict and Its Resolution 10 2.1 The Procedures an Organization should follow in dealing with Conflicts 10 2.2 The key features of employee Relation in a Selected Conflict Situation: 12 2.3 Effectiveness of procedures used in a selected conflict situation 14 LO3 Understanding collective bargaining and negotiation processes 15 3.1 The role of negotiation in collective bargaining 15 3.2 The impact of negotiation strategy for a given situation 17 Win-Win Strategy 17 Win-Lose Strategy 17 LO 4 : Understanding the concept of employee participation and involvement 20 4.1 The influence of the EU on industrial democracy in the UK 20 4.2 Comparing of the methods used to gain employee participation and involvement in the decision making process 23 4.3 The impact of human resource management on employee relations 24 Conclusion 26 References & Bibliography 27 Introduction The Purpose of this assignment to acquire knowledge and development of skills about employee Relations (Relations between an employer and a collective workforce, typically through a recognized union), its nature, historical background, types, and European Union roles in its development. It also encompasses the industrial conflicts such as strike, lock out etc. and the procedure for solving those dispute to ensure smooth business operation. Further purpose of this assignment...
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...cultural dimension, Pruitt’s negotiation styles model, and Rahim’s conflict management model, this research examines how national culture influence the way people choose negotiation and conflict resolution handling styles through an empirical study of 87 individuals in the U.S. The respondents were divided in two groups: American, and Ethiopians. The results show that the individualism-collectivism cultural dimension did differentiate the members of the American culture from the members of the Ethiopian culture. Among the negotiation and conflict management styles object of this study, the dominating style was found to be preferred by those with high concern for self, whereas the cooperating and the integrating styles were found to be preferred by those with high concern for others. Introduction In order to remain competitive in their respective markets companies around the world are expanding their horizons beyond their original country, and they are increasingly seeking international partnerships and business ventures in different cultural environments. The ability to negotiate across national borders and within the organization has become increasingly important in the past decade, but despite the continuous growth of business globalization negotiation and conflict resolution styles are often misunderstood. According to much of the literature available scholars have conducted substantial research on the subjects of negotiation and conflict resolution over the past years...
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...A Review of the Role of Gender in Conflict Resolution and Leadership The value of effective conflict resolution and leadership skills cannot be understated. As more and more women are moving into decision-making positions, the issue of whether there are gender differences in the ability to manage conflict and to lead effectively has become an important concern. This literature review examines 14 studies that address the role of gender in conflict resolution and leadership. Studies from areas of conflict resolution, negotiation, and leadership are included. Evidence is provided that while women and men are, in fact different from one another, neither outperforms the other in all situations. In fact, while some researchers claim a male advantage in a male-oriented world, others assert a feminine advantage for 21st century leaders. Implications for women leaders are included. Conventional wisdom says that conflict management skills are important if individuals are to function effectively at any level within an organization. They are a particularly important part of effective leadership. As more and more women are moving into decision-making positions, the issue of whether there are gender differences in the ability to use conflict management skills to lead effectively has become an important concern. In fact, some researchers have expressed skepticism about women’s abilities to fit in to the masculine managerial world. As far back as 1979, Powell and Butterfield found that...
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...Under siege - 1 Under Siege: The Kraft Foods 2009 Labor Conflict in Argentina Roberto Luchi Austral University - IAE RLuchi@iae.edu.ar A. Ariel Llorente Austral University - IAE aal05@cema.edu.ar Paper Presented at the 25th Annual International Association of Conflict Management Conference Spier, South Africa July 12 14, 2012 Abstract: This paper examines a particular labor-management negotiation process, a Mandatory Conciliation (MC), as it is named in the Argentinean labor legal system, that took place from July through mid October, 2009, between the managers of the Multinational Corporation (MNC) Kraft Foods (KFT) subsidiary in Argentina -Kraft Foods Argentina (KFTA)- and the Workers Internal Commission (WIC) of the firm s most important industrial plant in the country. The Argentinean Ministry of Labor (MLAB) convened the MC negotiation to settle an organizational conflict, regarding of opposing views about what preventive measures were adequate to cope the risks posed over the workers health by the 2009 global epidemic outbreak of swine influenza A(H1N1), that escalated out of the parties control. The contribution of our case study, on such specific type of labormanagement negotiation, is that it allows to gain a better understanding on how negotiators, confront the complexity of contextual circumstances and manage the process and, in addition, that it explores through the theoretical lens of the Turning Points (TP) framework -precipitants...
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...Main Topic: Managing Workplace relationship, conflict and negotiation skills include effective communication. Building relationships within the workplace According to Harbour S. (2015) establishing and maintaining good working relationships is the key to a positive workplace. Effective businesses encourage the development of positive relationships between managers and employees as well as amongst coworkers. It is imperative to create a clear and concise company mission statement and distribute a copy of the statement to each employee, so that they can be clear on exactly what is expected of them and the intended goal of the business they represent. Teamwork should be encouraged through formal and informal team-building activities. Management could always arrange a company-oriented outing, such as fun days consisting of activities such as tug a war or cricket, or involve the office in a team-based charitable activity. Good relationships in the workplace thrive when individuals feel part of a team and comfortable with their teammates. The need for two way communication should be encouraged, as this would boost staff morale. The better and more effectively persons communicate with those around them, the richer the work relationships will be. All good relationships depend on open, honest communication. Managers should always reward great work as quickly as possible, and address problems or concerns immediately. Acknowledge staff members publicly with written or...
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...CONFLICT T he success or failure of any organization is dependent upon the use of its indigenous, collective energies. When procedures are clear, the "esprit de corps" is high, and the business is said to be productive. But whenever people come together in one setting over a period of time, you can always expect conflict to find itself in the midst. The Webster’s dictionary defines conflict as a sharp disagreement or opposition of interests or ideas but from a more objective perspective, conflict is “a state in which one party perceive that another party has, or is about to negatively impact something that is important to the first party” (Robbins, 2006). The key word to note in this definition is “perceives”. Perceive is a concept that occurs within the mind. It is one’s interpretation of a situation or thing and does not necessarily have to be true. That might explain why on many occasions, a conflict that arises; may be unnecessary or misguided and result in wasted time. Causes of Conflict A s you may discern, the causes of conflict are numerous and each has their own accompanying challenges. Within the organization however, C. Brooklyn Derr in his book Major Causes of Organizational Conflict: Diagnosis for Action, stated that there are six (6) main causes of conflict: 1) The interpersonal disagreements that arise when one person is experiencing individual stress. People bring their whole selves to the workplace and they may...
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...Negotiation Skills Lecture (1): Conflicts Management Dr. Ola Elgeuoshy For any organization to perform effectively, interdependent individuals and groups must establish working relationships across organizational boundaries, between individuals, and among groups. Such interdependence may foster either cooperation or conflict. CONFLICT Conflict: “involves incompatible behaviors; one person interfering, disrupting, or in some other way making another’s actions less effective.” Two Faces of Conflict: Competitive conflict • parties pursue directly opposite goals and mistrust and don’t believe each other. (Win-lose) Cooperative conflict • parties pursue cooperative goals and trust and rely on each other. (Win-win) Competitive Versus Cooperative Conflict Source (right figure): Reprinted from Learning to Manage Conflict: Getting People to Work Together Productively by Dean Tjosvold. Copyright © 1993 by Dean Tjosvold. First published by Lexington Books. All rights reserved. All correspondence should be sent to Lexington Books, 4720 Boston Way, Lanham, Md. 20706. Conflict Issues Conflict. • A disagreement between people on: • • Substantive issues regarding goals and tasks, allocation of resources, distribution of rewards, policies and procedures, and job assignments. Emotional issues arising from feelings of anger, distrust, dislike, fear, and resentment, as well as personality clashes. • Conflict that is well managed...
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...Conflict, Decision Making, and Organizational Design Dr. Cooper Bus 520 Conflict, Decision Making, and Organizational Design Introduction In the era of globalization where businesses have expanded across the globe, competition has increased and has formed a new dynamism in the industry and the market itself. Every company works extra ordinarily to compete with its rivals and sustain its position in the industry. Well planned strategies are developed to give businesses a focused path to follow in order to achieve the aims and objectives of the firm. Labor is the most valuable asset in the whole process. Thus, keeping workers happy and satisfied is a challenge and the most significant task for the leaders of any firm. There are times when employees and employers have conflicts and disagreements over many issues. The following essay is the evaluation of such a case. It will discuss about the conflict, decision making and organizational design of McDonalds. Discussions Before we begin with the conflicts the company faces, and what are the conflict management strategies etc, let’s first discuss the company itself and its human resource. McDonalds Company History The McDonald's Corporation is American global operators who are the presenters of fast food restaurants. It is the top-selling fast food chain in the world. The first McDonald's restaurant was started on 15th May 1940 by the brothers Richard and Maurice McDonald ("Dick & Mac") in San Bernardino...
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...The Nature of Negotiation 1-1 Introduction Negotiation is a basic generic human activity A process that is often used in labor management relations 1-2 Introduction Business deals ◦ Mergers ◦ Sales International Affairs Every Day Activities 1-3 Introduction Negotiation is something that everyone does, almost daily 1-4 Introduction The Structure and process of negotiation are fundamentally the same ◦ at the personal level ◦ at the diplomatic level ◦ at the corporate level 1-5 Introduction We may fail to negotiate sometimes perhaps because we do not recognize that we are in a bargaining situation 1-6 Negotiations Negotiations occur for several reasons: ◦ To agree on how to share or divide a limited resource ◦ To create something new that neither party could attain on his or her own ◦ To solve a problem or dispute between the parties 1-7 Approach to the Subject Most people think bargaining and negotiation mean the same thing; however, we will be distinctive about the way we use these two words: Bargaining: describes the competitive, win-lose situation Negotiation: refers to win-win situations such as those that occur when parties try to find a mutually acceptable solution to a complex conflict 1-8 Key Principles and Mistakes Achieving a settlement through negotiation is not just a matter of applying a repertory of tactics and techniques in whatever...
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...Conflict Resolution and Peacemaking University of Phoenix PSY/400 Dr. Abstract Conflict resolution is a method of facilitating a peaceful resolution of a conflict. It is also knowing how to manage and reduce if not resolve a dispute or a conflict. Japan has been employing a strategy in trying to resolve their current conflict with China through a non- violent means and this is through a simple handshake. The Japanese has been negotiating for the handshaking to happen with the goal of striking a mutually satisfactory deal. Key words: handshake, conflict management, negotiation, collaboration. The current tension between China and Japan over disputed islands in East China Sea has been a cause of concern by political and economic leaders in the Southeast and East Asia Regions. However, the tension could be lessened by nonverbal gestures and niceties as asserted by Katie Shonk in her Harvard-published article on November 5th, 2014 entitled “For Conflict Resolution in Asia, A Simple Handshake Could Go Far” (Shonk, 2014). A simple but significant gesture, a handshake between Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and Chinese President Xi Jinping is what the Japanese officials hope will happen during the regional economic summit in Beijing scheduled this month. There are two major factors that have caused the strain in the relationship between the two countries. First is the refusal of Xi to meet with Abe. It was surmised that “Xi would not engaged in formal...
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