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Lab 4: Identify Motherboard Components and Form Factors (hands-on) * Motherboard: Is an essential piece of any computer system. It’s what you plug your components into, and what your components use to “talk” to each other.

When explaining how computer systems and components work, I like to compare them to that of the human body.
How?
Because if the CPU (Central Processing Unit) were the brain of the machine, then the motherboard would have to be the nervous system.
It works very similarly to the nervous system, in that it essentially coordinates the actions and signals from the CPU (brain) to and from the rest of the machine.

A. Motherboard Components:
1. Back panel connectors and Ports: Connectors and ports for connecting the computer to external devices such as display ports, audio ports, USB ports, Ethernet ports, PS/2 ports.
2. PCI SLOTS: PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect
Slot for older expansion cards such as sound cards, network cards, connector cards. See image below for a close-up view.
Have been largely replaced by PCI-Express x1 slots (see motherboard parts #3 below).
3. PCI Express x1 slots: Slot for modern expansion cards such as sound cards, network cards (Wi-Fi, Ethernet, and Bluetooth), connector cards (USB, FireWire, eSATA) and certain low-end graphics cards. See image below for a close-up view.
4. PCI Express x16 slots: Slot for discrete graphic cards and high bandwidth devices such as top-end solid state drives. See image below for a close-up view.
5. Northbridge: Also known as Memory Controller Hub (MCH).
Chipset that allows the CPU to communicate with the RAM and graphics card.
6. CPU Socket: Insert CPU here. To learn how to install a CPU.
7. ATX 12V Power Connector: Connects to the 4-pin power cable of a power supply unit which supplies power to the CPU.
8. Front Panel USB 2.0 Connectors
9. Front Panel Connectors
10. IDE Connector
11. CMOS Battery
12. Southbridge
13. SATA Connectors
14. Fan Headers
15. RAM Slots
RAM memories are installed into the DIMM slots (RAM sockets) on your motherboard. To see what a DIMM slot looks like, please refer to the image below.
Just like RAM memory modules, DIMM slots have little notches as well (circled in yellow below). Together they form a foolproof design such that you can only insert your RAM memory in one direction

16. ATX Power Connector
17. mSATA Connector
18. Front Panel USB 3.0 Connector
19. Power & Reset Butto B.Form Factors:
1. MicroATX
2. Mini-ITX
3. ATX.

Comparing Motherboard Form Factors: Mini-ITX vs. MicroATX vs. ATX

Maximum Size

RAM Slots
RAM Type

Expansion Slots
Graphics Cards

SATA ports | Mini-ITX

17 x 17 cm
6.7 x 6.7 in

2
DIMM, SODIMM

1
0 to 1

2 to 6 | MicroATX

24.4 x 24.4 cm
9.6 x 9.6 in

2 to 4
DIMM

2 to 4
1 to 3

4 to 8 | ATX

30.5 x 24.4 cm
12 x 9.6 in

2 to 8
DIMM

4 to 7
1 to 4

4 to 12 |

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