...ATC Profile. American Tower Corporation is a holding company. The Company conducts its operations through its directly and indirectly owned subsidiaries and joint ventures. It is a wireless and broadcast communications infrastructure company that owns, operates and develops communications sites. Its primary business includes leasing antenna space on multi-tenant communications sites to wireless service providers, radio and television broadcast companies, wireless data providers, government agencies and municipalities and tenants in a number of other industries. This business is its rental and management operations, which accounted for approximately 98% of its total revenues during the year ended December 31, 2011 It also offer tower-related services domestically, including site acquisition, zoning and permitting services and structural analysis services, which primarily support its site leasing business and the addition of new tenants and equipment on its sites. In January 2012, the Company merged with and into American Tower REIT, Inc. During 2011, the Company acquired additional 125 communications sites from Telefonica Colombia. On February 1, 2011, the Company acquired 140 communications sites from VTR Banda Ancha (Chile) S.A. and its affiliates. On December 30, 2011, the Company purchased 100% interest of a subsidiary of Telefonica Moviles Chile S.A. that owned 558 communications sites. On December 14, 2011, the Company acquired control of an additional 76 existing...
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...Bidder’s Edge’s activity to continue unchecked, it would encourage similar sites like Bidders Edge to engage in similar searching of Ebay’s site. This in turn could harm Ebay’s goodwill with its customers or cause it to lose profits. 2. The definition of traditional consists of any act that denies the lawful owner full ownership rights to the property. This includes theft of the property, destruction of the property, or damage of the property. 3. The California definition of trespass of computer services differs slightly from the traditional definition. Under California Penal Code 502 the following actions are crimes: damaging, destroying, or changing data to defraud or deceive people; taking or copying data from a computer or computer network; using computer services without permission; changing, deleting, or destroying data on a computer or network; accessing or helping to access a computer or network without permission; introducing viruses into a computer or network; and using the internet domain name of someone else to send viruses that cause damage to a computer or network. The difference is the definitions of property;...
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...Sharing Music over the Internet In a report prepared by Arbor Networks, a network-management firm employed by over 70 percent of the top ISPs globally, peer-to-peer sharing has reached more than 60 percent of the net traffic in the year 2012. Peer-to-peer sharing and piracy websites allow internet users to download music, videos and programs without having to pay for them. Technically, this is described by the law as stealing which makes peer-to-peer sharing and piracy websites illegal. Moreover, the government, through the enforcement of certain laws, imposes discipline to its citizens with regard to downloading and sharing music over the internet. Copyright Infringement The Department of Justice of the U.S. government presented a report Task Force on Intellectual Property which clearly imparts the laws protecting intellectual properties of individuals. As stated in the report, an intellectual property is an intangible property which is expressed through ideas and inventions. Copyright is intended to protect these intellectual properties including music—its lyrics and composition. Through the Copyright Act, the creator is given exclusive rights which encompass credit until after 70 years from death and the option of distribution. In peer-to-peer sharing and free downloads where music is used commercially in the internet, copyright is violated. In fact, as the shown in the statistics above, copyright infringement is practiced by millions in just one day. Probably, these...
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...INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1.1 Introduction Stripping widows of property is a huge social problem in Zimbabwe especially with the escalating death toll due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Customary laws have been unable to address the problem which suggests that extra- legal interventions might be necessary. Social work intervention is necessary to preserve the widow’s worth and dignity as a human being, which is the principal value of social work. A widow is a woman who has lost a husband by death and has not remarried, according to The South African Concise Oxford Dictionary. Property stripping refers to depriving someone of acquired or inherited movable or immovable possessions that rightfully and legally belong to that person (The South African Concise Oxford Dic tionary; Kuenyehia 2003). This study uses stripping and grabbing interchangeably as refer ring to the same act. Basing their studies in Ikot Idem in Nigeria, Okunmadewa, Aina, Ayoola, Mamman, Nweze, Odebiyi, Shedu and Zacha (2002:106) maintain: [W]omen’s wellbeing often deteriorates quickly after the loss of their husbands, when they suffer threats of both their physical security and property. A widow often loses her husband’s property to the in-laws in accordance with family traditional rules. This study proposes to explore the widows’ experiences of property inheritance in the Binga District, in the North West of Zimbabwe. Economically, people...
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...Academy of Management Review 2003, Vol. 28, No. 3, 447–465. THE CROSS-NATIONAL DIVERSITY OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: DIMENSIONS AND DETERMINANTS RUTH V. AGUILERA University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign GREGORY JACKSON Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry We develop a theoretical model to describe and explain variation in corporate governance among advanced capitalist economies, identifying the social relations and institutional arrangements that shape who controls corporations, what interests corporations serve, and the allocation of rights and responsibilities among corporate stakeholders. Our “actor-centered” institutional approach explains firm-level corporate governance practices in terms of institutional factors that shape how actors’ interests are defined (“socially constructed”) and represented. Our model has strong implications for studying issues of international convergence. Corporate governance concerns “the structure of rights and responsibilities among the parties with a stake in the firm” (Aoki, 2000: 11). Yet the diversity of practices around the world nearly defies a common definition. Internationalization has sparked policy debates over the transportability of best practices and has fueled academic studies on the prospects of international convergence (Guillen, 2000; Rubach & Sebora, ´ 1998; Thomas & Waring, 1999). What the salient national differences in corporate governance are and how they should best be conceptualized remain hotly debated...
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...a time when zo rooms could have killed oyo cause oyo had the numbers with them, but the customer support was horrible So rather than focusing on the existing properties and improving upon customer satisfaction zo drove itself into expansion mode Moreover one of the major reasons was also that there were 7 CO founders and everyone had their one go to guy in every department That's because tiger refused to pool in more money, resulting to which zo rooms pulled out of mg model from almost everywhere Zo claimed to have a network of 11,000 rooms on its platform with 1,000 hotels across more than 50 cities in India. hmm.. ZoRooms had more revenue than OYO at the time of acquisition ! Unlike its competitors Stayzilla who worked on a marketplace model focusing on low-budget accommodation, and Oyo Rooms which had adopted an inventory-led model, Zo Rooms decided to go for a Commission Model, wherein the company charges a percentage share of the sales that would be generated through Zo Rooms. If hotel owners spend money to provide basic facilities and carry out renovations Revenue share model vs minimum guarantee model Zo Rooms also went ahead and installed inventory and property management software. They also claim to be the only hospitality service provider in the world in the budget segment at each property. These tablets in turn have helped them manage inventory, one-touch check- in, and record instant feedback &...
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...areas like management, inventory systems, human resource management, colleges, shopping malls …etc. Main advantage of using these applications is to reduce manual work and complete work in short time and security of data. E-Property – is an Estate Agent and Property Management System is a user friendly contact and property manager for real estate professionals. Save time and sell more by empowering to easily keep track of leads, manage listings, and market to new prospects. Estate Agent / Property Management System – e-Property is complete end to end solution to cover all aspects of Estate Agent day to day activity and Property buying selling procedure for small and large organization and individuals. The basic objective of developing this project is: * Maintain client details line, contact details, required property details, client preference like home or apartment. * Maintain property details, registration of property for sale includes property address, property description, price, facilities available. * Save immovable property for rent or sale * Provide the goods to the general public * Record owners of the property and allow them to post ads * Save potential clients of the agency * Allow user to search the property depending on his/her choice. * Allow them to have access to contact owners for purchase or rental of real estate. * System has powerful logical access management in place, each user must be identified by login id and...
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...ruin a company’s image. The following scenario will help to provide a way to maintain proper file management up to 4,990end users. When giving permissions to end users it is important to know who will need access and who does not, this could mean specific people or groups. Having an open access scheme for end users could mean loss of data, data being access and misused by those who are not knowledgeable or properly trained. The Unix file system provides sharing and protection of files by using a protection scheme that is made up of file, owner and group access rights (Silberschatz, Galvin, & Gagne, 2012, ). This means that the person that created or that has claimed ownership over a file will have full rights to the data’s properties. These properties are made up of read, write and the ability to modify or make changes to the file (Silberschatz, Galvin, & Gagne, 2012, ). The group access rights differ as they allow access to a number or users who share the same rights to the file. What happens is that the owner can change and does as he or she...
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...Key risks for Investment in India * On the quality parameter of properties, India was lacking across major estate types. * Do not have financially strong infrastructure for building new properties and supporting new investments * Political risk in involved in Indian investments as it is difficult to come to any decision in the coalition government and sometimes it leads to much delay in the projects. * On Foreign exchange currency risk, Indian currency is more volatile and thus devaluation can lead to greater loses. * Indian Bond markets are not fully developed. * Investments in property and Infrastructure sectors are less risky than as compared to other sectors. * There are restrictions on investments in Kashmir, as it is military affected area. * Risk due to terrorism can decrease investor’s confidence. Similarly Maoists activities are and obstacles for investments certain regions of India. * There is legislation risk involved in India. As it has been the case with Vodafone deal where Indian government came with retrospective tax proposal to dole out tax from Vodafone deal. * Monetary policies keep on changing in India on regular basis. Key risks for Investments in China * Like India, estate types(across all major), China lacks on quality aspect of properties. * China is riskier on political aspect. Communist government policies fears a bigger threat for Investment in China and all the types of protests are simply tackled and...
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...(Individual Assignment Week 2) ECO/365 12/09/13 Atlantis is a nice city that’s is well maintained and booming with young professionals and families alike. Good Life Management is the premier choice for tenants seeking two bedroom apartments and also is the only choice. Often times in the real estate rental industry rental apartments experience a higher degree of vacancy and Good Life is looking to reduce the vacancy rate from 28% to 15%. Lowering the amount of available units was no easy task for Good Life management and likely would not have been achieved with a solid understand of the principles of the micro and macroeconomics and the supply and demand curve. This simulation has taught the importance of economics and how the play an important part of everyday life. Micro and macroeconomics play a key role in the everyday lives of people and corporations. In the simulation in this weeks assignment Atlantis is a prime example of just how often people come into contact with situations with two important factors of economics. The two important factors are supply and demand and they affect everything that we as people do in everyday life. Understanding supply and demands makes consumers, the supplier and us, determine when it is best to buy and best to sell. Understand this principle enables us to make more informed purchasing and selling decisions. There are a number of real world examples of how micro and macroeconomic...
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...view of the firm in a study of the major U.S. film studios from 1936 to 1965. We found that property-hased resources in the form of exclusive long-term contracts with stars and theaters helped financial performance in the stable, predictable environment of 1936-50. In contrast, knowledge-based resources in the form of production and coordinative talent and budgets boosted financial performance in the more uncertain (changing and unpredictable) post-television environment of 1951-65. The resource-based view of the firm provides a useful complement to Porter's (1980) well-known structural perspective of strategy. This view shifts the emphasis from the competitive environment of firms to the resources that firms have developed to compete in that environment. Unfortunately, although it has generated a great deal of conceptualizing (see reviews by Black and Boal [1994] and Peteraf [1993]), the resource-based view is just beginning to occasion systematic empirical study (Collis, 1991; Henderson & Cockburn, 1994; Montgomery & Wernerfelt, 1988; McGrath, MacMillan, & Venkatraman, 1995). Thus, the concept of resources remains an amorphous one that is rarely operationally defined or tested for its performance implications in different competitive environments. In the interests of testing and advancing the application of the resourcebased view, this research develops the distinction between property-based and knowledge-based resources. We argue that the former are likely to contribute most...
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...countries have not been able to foster sustained growth and social progress. Increasingly research has shown that weak, Cross-country missing or perverse institutions are the roots of underdevelopment. regressions persistently demonstrate large and statistically significant correlations between institutional variables and growth, and in horse races between variables, an index of institutional quality “trumps” geography or trade as an explanation for growth (Rodrik, et al. 2002). To meet the challenge of development countries need two distinct and not necessarily complementary sets of institutions: (i) those that foster exchange by lowering transaction costs and encouraging trust, and (ii) those that influence the state to protect private property rather than expropriate it. 1 The first set of institutions includes contracts and contract enforcement mechanisms, commercial norms and rules, and habits and beliefs favoring shared values and the accumulation of human capital. Among the second set of institutions are constitutions, electoral rules, laws governing speech and education, and legal and civic norms. Today’s underdeveloped countries must acquire these institutions under particularly difficult conditions -- in a global market competing with already developed countries (North 2002). Although there may be some advantages to 1 I use the term development to mean countries which have achieved a level of per capita income that puts them in the World Bank’s high income category...
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...game (North 1990). High institutional distance picture a challenging economic environment for new entry firms who have to face the liability of foreignness. This distance mean increased transaction costs, higher information costs and uncertainty. Which is especially important as South Africa is ranking only 50 on property right indexes. The other chart describes the relation between ownership commitment and the nature of knowledge, which shows that to actually gain the Location and Ownership specific advantages ( as Sumatra Inc. is looking for a locally embedded partner, Dunning – OLI paradigm) higher degree ownership commitment is required. This tacit knowledge can be tapped by equity investment or co-op. Tacit knowledge is embedded in the company’s socially complex organizational routines and employee skills, expertise. Making it hard to codify. The most effective way of learning complex know-how’s is to learn by doing, most preferably by experts/ strategic alliances. In Sumatra Inc.’s case due to the high asset specificity and value-added services, such tacit knowledge is possessed by both firms (Sumatra – complex engineering solutions – Local firm – local network, technological capabilities). The best way to assure the captivity of Sumatra Inc. is to take advantage of the OLI advantages...
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...Microsoft Supplier Code of Conduct Microsoft aspires to be more than just a good company—it aspires to be a great company. Toward that goal, we are committed to our mission of helping people and businesses throughout the world realize the highest levels of productivity and success. Achieving our mission isn’t just about building innovative technology. It’s also about who we are as a company and as individuals, how we manage our business internally, and how we work with customers, partners, governments, communities, and suppliers. Through the Standards of Business Conduct (www.microsoft.com/mscorp/legal/buscond), Microsoft has established company standards that include ethical business practices and regulatory compliance. These standards apply to all Microsoft employees, directors, and officers. Similarly, Microsoft expects its suppliers to embrace this commitment to integrity by complying with and training its employees on the Microsoft Supplier Code of Conduct. COMPLIANCE WITH THE SUPPLIER CODE OF CONDUCT Suppliers and their employees, agents, and subcontractors (collectively referred to as “Suppliers”) must adhere to this Supplier Code of Conduct while conducting business with or on behalf of Microsoft. Suppliers must promptly inform their Microsoft contact (or a member of Microsoft management) when any situation develops that causes the Supplier to operate in violation of this Code of Conduct. While Microsoft Suppliers are expected to self-monitor and demonstrate their...
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...Why Renting in Today’s Economy is better than Buying a House Matt Harrell COM/156 November 7, 2010 Karen Campbell Why Renting in Today’s Economy is better than Buying a House Foreclosure crisis is at an all time high across most large metropolitan areas in the United States. Seattle- Tacoma- Bellevue metro area registered the sharpest annual increase, 71% or one in every 129 households received a foreclosure notice. California, Nevada, Florida, and Arizona remain the hotspots for foreclosure across the nation according to RealtyTrack Incorporated Rick Sharga a senior vice president at RealtyTrack quoted “The epidemic is spreading from the states at the ground zero of the foreclosure problems out into areas that had not been previously affected.” One of the latest signs that the foreclosure crisis is worsening across the nation is, high unemployment, slow job growth, and homeowners are uncertain about falling home prices. Concerning housing, he or she has options. He or she has an option to rent and an option to buy. Renting an apartment is a better option than buying a house both renting and buying has many advantages and disadvantages. By explaining these advantages and disadvantages, I will persuade him or her into renting over buying. While renting he or she can save money, instead of spending money. “A survey conducted by Harris Interactive for the National Apartment Association in May 2010 found that 76% of those surveyed now believe that renting is a better...
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