...mobile phone. The original iPhone had a 3.5 inch screen at 320 X480 and 163ppi, a quad-band 2G edge data radio, 802.1b.g Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 2.0 EDR, and a 2 megapixel camera. the iPhone was powered by an ARM-based Samsung 1176 Z-S processor and power VR MBX lite 3D graphics, 128 megabytes of random access memory(RAM), as well as four or eight gigabytes of NAND flash storage, and also could sync to iTunes. The iPhone software was very impressive, Apple used a full version of Safari, based on the exact same web kit HTML rendering engine that powered the desktop version on the Mac. Apple also created the best mobile YouTube and maps implementation ever seen on mobile. Unfortunately the original iPhone didn’t have CDMA and EVDO rev A network compatibility. That meant it couldn’t work on two of the U.S. big four carriers, Verizon and Sprint. This actually didn’t matter; because the original iPhone was exclusive to AT&T. In addition to no hardware keyboard or stylus, the iPhone also didn’t have a...
Words: 821 - Pages: 4
...Address Class Historical Significance of the address classes: Class A: the first of the address classes, which is responsible for the value ranges of IP from 0-126 and also has 16,177,214 hosts. It also has 256 networks and the most significant bits are 0000. Class B: The second of the address classes, which is responsible for the value ranges of IP from 128-191. It also has 65,534 hosts and 65,536 networks. The most significant bits are 1000 and it is also a common class among most IP addresses. Class C: the third of the address classes, which is responsible for the value ranges of IP from 192-223 the most significant bits are 1100. It only has 254 hosts but it also has 16,177,216 networks since a lot of people have their IP addresses starting with 192.xxx.xxx.xx. Class D: the fourth of the address classes, which is responsible for the value ranges of IP from 224-239. Its most significant bits are 1110, and it does not have any networks or hosts because this class is rarely considered since the start of IP addresses don’t often start with 224 and above. Class E: the fifth of the address classes, which is responsible for the value ranges of IP from 240 and above. The significant bits of this class are 1111 and just as Class D does not have any hosts or networks, the same is with this class since IP addresses do not go above 192 usually. http://www.inetdaemon.com/tutorials/internet/ip/addresses/classful.shtml Address space A: the value range is from 0-126 so that means...
Words: 639 - Pages: 3
...seven layers: User Domain, Workstation Domain, LAN Domain, LAN-to-WAN Domain, WAN Domain, Remote Access Domain, and the System/Application Domain. All of the different layers are different aspects of your network that need to be protected against malicious attacks and vulnerabilities. In the following I have highlighted each domain and my best suggestions for security solutions. Starting with the user domain the most important thing here is to make sure that all users are trained and knowledgeable of acceptable usage of the equipment at work and their access to the employer’s network. The best way is to train them on an acceptable use policy (AUP) which outlines the dos and don’ts of using software application, email and web-access, along with their access to physical equipment. This policy should not only out line all of the above but it should also have an outline of disciplinary actions as well so the employees take the training seriously. They should also have each employee sign the AUP to recognize that they have read and understand what it means and what is expected of them. The workstation domain is where you need to start implementing login ID’s and passwords for all users and visitors. This helps to validate anyone who needs access to the systems to make sure that they have the credentials to login and also to provide the information to the system of what level of access they can have. For example, a guest is not going to have access to the same information as a basic...
Words: 1187 - Pages: 5
...Linux NFS Paper Today I will be talking about NFS, or Network File system, and it used widely to share files across multiple servers and computers. Let me just clarify how the NFS system will work, a file will be taken from the directory, or NFS file system, the file will then be exported to the NFS client, then you would need to mount the file to the client, to make sure it was accessible throughout the entire system. With the system mount you can also see the IP addresses accessing the system, which isn’t that secure, seeing how anyone could simply scam their way into your system, which you really want to protect against. Today we want to learn how to properly secure that you have to cover the 3 main resources, or places to secure. The Portmapper, the server security, and the client security are the 3 things you must secure. The Portmapper is basically the root to the NFS, you want to make sure the ports are being used correctly, and are giving access to the right people, and is connected to an outside trusted network. You can simply use the etc/hosts command to check the ports, but you can also use that to allow and deny ports to anybody across the network. That’s a bit drastic, but can lead to a secure NFS especially if you notice any fishy IP addresses or activities across the network. With the server security, this is where it becomes more of a necessity to keep it secure, because without system security, the whole thing is going to go down the drain. It would be...
Words: 461 - Pages: 2
...NT1430 NFS NFS is an open standard, cross-platform file system utility with implementations available for a wide range of operating systems, architectures, platforms, and appliances, from embedded systems to mainframes and high-performance clusters. NFS provides file sharing for Unix, Linux, mainframes, and other file systems, including Mac OS X. A Network File System (NFS) allows remote hosts to mount file systems over a network and interact with those file systems as though they are mounted locally. This enables system administrators to consolidate resources onto centralized servers on the network. Currently, there are three versions of NFS. NFS version 2 (NFSv2) is older and is widely supported. NFS version 3 (NFSv3) has more features, including 64bit file handles, Safe Async writes and more robust error handling. NFS version 4 (NFSv4) works through firewalls and on the Internet, no longer requires portmapper, supports ACLs, and utilizes stateful operations. Red Hat Enterprise Linux supports NFSv2, NFSv3, and NFSv4 clients, and when mounting a file system via NFS, Red Hat Enterprise Linux uses NFSv3 by default, if the server supports it. All versions of NFS can use Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) running over an IP network, with NFSv4 requiring it. NFSv2 and NFSv3 can use the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) running over an IP network to provide a stateless network connection between the client and server. When using NFSv2 or NFSv3 with UDP, the stateless UDP connection...
Words: 350 - Pages: 2
...Carr NT1430 Unit 7 Sharing Files with NFS Network File System (NFS) is a distributed file system protocol originally developed by Sun Microsystems in 1984, allowing a user on a client computer to access files over a network much like local storage is accessed. NFS, like many other protocols, builds on the Open Network Computing Remote Procedure Call (ONC RPC) system. The Network File System is an open standard defined in RFCs, allowing anyone to implement the protocol. NFS is the most-known service using remote procedure call (RPC). It is an excellent way of sharing files between Linux and other UNIX systems. NFS also allows for machines to mount without authentication, at boot, which is great if you have a cluster of systems or if you want to use a centralized home directory system (using an NFS-mounted directory for home directories to keep your configurations and files identical on multiple systems). The computer where directory located is called the server and computers or devices connecting to that server are called clients. Clients usually 'mount' the shared directory to make it a part of their own directory structure. NFS is perhaps best for more 'permanent' network mounted directories such as /home directories or regularly accessed shared resources. If you want a network share that guest users can easily connect to, Samba is more suited. This is because tools exist more readily across old and proprietary operating systems to temporarily mount and detach from Samba shares...
Words: 711 - Pages: 3
...COMPARATIVE OPERATING SYSTEMS TERM PAPER SUMMER 2001 COMPARISON OF NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEMS BY MUKUNDAN SRIDHARAN COMPARISON OF NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM S Abstract We are in a era of computing in which networking and distributed computing is the norm and not a exception. The ability of a operating system to support networking has become crucial for its survival in the market. In today’s picture there is no operating system, which doesn’t support networking. This paper tries to give a review of various network operating systems or the networking support of a operating system, in relevance to the modern operating systems. The emphasis is on basic design and architecture, not their specifications or services. The paper considers various operating systems like Novell Netware, the sun NFS, the Styx, CIFS/SMB and Microsoft Windows 2000 server. Again the concentration is on modern and evolving operating systems like the Novell Netware and Microsoft’s Windows 2000. The objective of the paper is to study and compare various operating systems and to bring out the inherent advantages and disadvantages in using them. 1.0 INTRODUCTION Individual computers are connected together to form computer networks. The operating system, protocols and services which help us in interconnecting the computers are collectively called Network Operating systems. The webopedia.com defines Network Operating Systems as follows: An operating system that includes special...
Words: 12519 - Pages: 51
...First, let us analyze what file sharing in a centralized storage area on a server means. It means that basically when you store a file it will be stored in a predetermined place on a server instead of on the system. Now let us analyze what file replication is. File replication would be the server backing up by replicating to another server. Both of these are extremely helpful services provided by servers. How are these beneficial services increasing the ease of administration? Well, all of the different users will be storing their work to the server. That means they can login and access their files from any workstation on the local network. So I have come up with some examples showing different scenarios where this would be helpful. Example 1: As a student, if all of your files were being stored on a server you could login from any computer and access your files allowing for great mobility. Example 2: This one isn’t about a local network but I felt it was a great example anyway. When your access your e-mails they are stored on a server. Allowing you to login from anywhere and access the mail. Also, you can send yourself attachments so that you can access them at any time from any place. Example 3: Say you work in a lab and you want to do an experiment. You could search the server to find helpful information from other people’s work that is being shared. All of these examples benefit from replication as well. These servers replicating which would be backing up to the other servers...
Words: 492 - Pages: 2
...Network management systems are giving IT professional an advantage on their own networks. This is giving them access to software and hardware at a moment’s notice without leaving the comfort of their desk or home. The NMS consists of a set of software and hardware tools that is integrated into the network. This management system is able to identify devices that are on the network. The NMS can also be used to monitor all devices and rate how the device is performing and if it is matching the device expectations. This system can track the performance of the bandwidth, if there was any packet loss, and the performance of all the routers/switches. The network management system will give the IT department notifications if anything seems to be off with the network. This will give the IT personnel time to isolate or fix before the problem effects the network (Hale, 2013). Cisco is a big company that has a very large network. They manage millions of endpoint devices and with a huge network that require a significant amount of monitoring from the IT department. “Cisco Connected Grid Network Management System is a software platform that helps to enable a clear separation between communications network management and utility operational applications. These include Distribution Management System (DMS), Outage Management System (OMS), and Meter Data Management (MDM)” (Cisco Connected Grid Network Management System, 2014). This management system can monitor multiple networks and all of...
Words: 733 - Pages: 3
...The first network file system—called File Access Listener—was developed in 1976 by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). An implementation of the Data Access Protocol (DAP), it was part of the DECnet suite of protocols. Like TCP/IP, DEC published protocol specifications for its networking protocols, which included the DAP. NFS was the first modern network file system (built over the IP protocol). It began as an experimental file system developed in-house at Sun Microsystems in the early 1980s. Given the popularity of the approach, the NFS protocol was documented as a Request for Comments (RFC) specification and evolved into what is known as NFSv2. As a standard, NFS grew quickly because of its ability to interoperate with other clients and servers. The standard continued to evolve into NFSv3, defined by RFC 1813. This iteration of the protocol was much more scalable than previous versions, supporting large files (larger than 2GB), asynchronous writes, and TCP as the transport protocol, paving the way for file systems over wide area networks. In 2000, RFC 3010 (revised by RFC 3530) brought NFS into the enterprise setting. Sun introduced NFSv4 with strong security along with a stateful protocol (prior versions of NFS were stateless). Today, NFS exists as version 4.1 (as defined by RFC 5661), which adds protocol support for parallel access across distributed servers (called the pNFS extension). The timeline of NFS, including the specific RFCs that document its behavior, is shown...
Words: 1317 - Pages: 6
...Lab #10 Securing the Network with an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) Introduction Nearly every day there are reports of information security breaches and resulting monetary losses in the news. Businesses and governments have increased their security budgets and undertaken measures to minimize the loss from security breaches. While cyberlaws act as a broad deterrent, internal controls are needed to secure networks from malicious activity. Internal controls traditionally fall into two major categories: prevention and detection. Intrusion prevention systems (IPS) block the IP traffic based on the filtering criteria that the information systems security practitioner must configure. Typically, the LAN-to-WAN domain and Internet ingress/egress point is the primary location for IPS devices. Second to that would be internal networks that have or require the highest level of security and protection from unauthorized access. If you can prevent the IP packets from entering the network or LAN segment, then a remote attacker can’t do any damage. A host-based intrusion detection system (IDS) is installed on a host machine, such as a server, and monitors traffic to and from the server and other items on the system. A network-based IDS deals with traffic to and from the network and does not have access to directly interface with the host. Intrusion detection systems are alert-driven, but they require the information systems security practitioner to configure them properly. An IDS provides...
Words: 3209 - Pages: 13
...Intrusion Detection Systems with Snort Advanced IDS Techniques Using Snort, Apache, MySQL, PHP, and ACID BRUCE PERENS’ OPEN SOURCE SERIES ◆ Managing Linux Systems with Webmin: System Administration and Module Development Jamie Cameron ◆ Implementing CIFS: The Common Internet File System Christopher R. Hertel ◆ Embedded Software Development with eCos Anthony J. Massa ◆ The Linux Development Platform: Configuring, Using, and Maintaining a Complete Programming Environment Rafeeq Ur Rehman, Christopher Paul ◆ Intrusion Detection Systems with Snort: Advanced IDS Techniques with Snort, Apache, MySQL, PHP, and ACID Rafeeq Ur Rehman Intrusion Detection Systems with Snort Advanced IDS Techniques Using Snort, Apache, MySQL, PHP, and ACID Rafeeq Ur Rehman Prentice Hall PTR Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 www.phptr.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book can be obtained from the Library of Congress. Editorial/production supervision: Mary Sudul Cover design director: Jerry Votta Cover design: DesignSource Manufacturing manager: Maura Zaldivar Acquisitions editor: Jill Harry Editorial assistant: Noreen Regina Marketing manager: Dan DePasquale © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall PTR Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0 or later (the latest version...
Words: 52750 - Pages: 211
...Intrusion Detection Systems CMIT368 August 12, 2006 Introduction As technology has advanced, information systems have become an integral part of every day life. In fact, there are not too many public or private actions that can take part in today’s society that do not include some type of information system at some level or another. While information systems make our lives easier in most respects, our dependency upon them has become increasingly capitalized upon by persons with malicious intent. Therefore, security within the information systems realm has introduced a number of new devices and software to help combat the unfortunate results of unauthorized network access, identity theft, and the like – one of which is the intrusion detection system, or IDS. Intrusion detection systems are primarily used to detect unauthorized or unconventional accesses to systems and typically consist of a sensor, monitoring agent (console), and the core engine. The sensor is used to detect and generate the security events, the console is used to control the sensor and monitor the events/alarms it produces, and the engine compares rules against the events database generated by the sensors to determine which events have the potential to be an attack or not (Wikipedia, 2006, para. 1-3). IDS generally consist of two types – signature-based and anomaly-based. Signature-based IDS operate by comparing network traffic against a known database of attack categories. In fact...
Words: 1749 - Pages: 7
...When looking to strengthen our network designs we looked at the typical threats and risks that they pose. Here are some of the attacks we used as of priority to protect ourselves when looking to see what we would be up against: • DOS/DDOS Attacks • Man In the Middle Attacks / Spoofing • Buffer Overflow • Fragmentation Attacks • Session Hijacking • Social Engineering • SQL Injection / Injection attacks • Eavesdropping • Replay Attacks There are many more attacks possible but these are the attack we focused on. With each threat, we analyzed how these attacks could be used against us and what counter measures would be used to prevent or mitigate such events from happening. DOS/DDOS Attacks- In general, Denial of Service attacks are used to flood an infrastructure with requests to the point where systems cannot keep up with the volume and crash as a result. As a business that relies on bidding and some public access, this can be troublesome as it would crash the website and stop business at critical times. In order to prevent such attacks, a NIDS or Network Intrusion Detection System can and should be implemented to “weed out” false requests from IP addresses that are flooding the system. For further protection the use of a “Honeypot” or trap for hackers can be used to direct any incoming attacks towards a lesser valuable target. Man in the Middle attacks- Man in the middle attacks are exactly...
Words: 1272 - Pages: 6
...Contrast Three Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) Devon Hopkins Webster University Introduction In the today’s society security is of paramount importance, whether it’s your business, home, vehicle, or computer. Companies are responsible for securing their employees, work area and the technology they use to operate their business. On a daily basis companies are under attack making them vulnerable to more and more worms, viruses, denial of service (DoS) attacks and hacking, shutting them down for various periods of times. With the advance technology more and more companies are storing information digitally. Having unsecure networks are leading to enormous amount of private information being public. The networks should protect data and maintain confidentiality, integrity and availability of the network. Companies should implement intrusion detection systems (IDS) because hackers are smarter and their intrusions are getting harder to trace. Intrusion Detection System An intrusion detection system or IDS is a system that attempts to identify intrusions, which can be defined to be unauthorized uses, misuses, or abuses of the computer systems by either authorized users or external perpetrators [1]. The in the past the major ways that intrusion detection systems were described were host based IDS (HIDS) and network based IDS (NIDS). An addition to the IDS family is perimeter intrusion detection systems (PIDS). A perimeter intrusion detection system will be installed within the...
Words: 1372 - Pages: 6
