...measure of the consistency of cohesive soil and the packing of granular soil. The relationship between Mackintosh Probe and Safe Pressure is as follows: - P = (2860 + 550 (R - 40)1/2) x 0.04788 kN/m2 for blows > 40 P = Refer Chart for blows < 40 Where, P = safe pressure (kN/m2) R = Mackintosh Probe Penetration resistance in blows/0.3m For more information or site appointment, please call us or drop us a message here. The site investigation is the one thing that must be done before starting the construction of the building. This is because the soil condition at the site need to be identifies to determine the suitable foundation use for the building. As we know, soil play a main role to support the load that come from the building and the building need a suitable foundation to transfer the load to the ground. Therefore, the investigation of soil need to be done to identify the type of soil to ensure the soil can carry the load. In investigating the soil condition, the probe mackintosh commonly...
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...Johnny Brown 11/08/2012 Final Term Paper Arson Investigator The reason I decided to choose this topic, and not something about a particular part of the fire service, is because I was watching a TV show CSI where they solve crimes and such. Well this topic of fire fighter arson was on the show where a fire fighter set a fire on purpose. So I decided that it looked interesting considering it is what I want to do. Fire fighter arson is basically when a fire fighter sets a fire and I will break it down on why some fire fighters do it, affects of fire fighter arson, basic profile of the fire fighter arsonist, fire service responsibilities in preventing fire fighter arson, and actions to take when a problem is suspected. There were a number of people who had been arrested for this crime and were willing to share their motivations. The biggest reason was people were looking for recognition and liked to play the role of a hero. These people would get a thrill to be the reporting party or to be first on the scene. Another reason is a person might have a psychiatric problem that they have towards the fascination with fire. While others have a low self-esteem or self-confidence, and they want to feel like they belong to a group and are accepted by others. There are many effects of fire fighter arson, which all are very clear cut effects, they include the possibility of injury, loss of life, property and financial loss due to fire, and the increase of insurance premiums that we pay...
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... IN-SITU TESTING In-situ testing techniques including Standard Penetration Testing, Permeability Testing, Borehole Vane Testing, Pressure meter Testing and Packer Testing can all be carried out in the boreholes in order to provide information for geotechnical design. Disturbed and undisturbed samples are retrieved from the boreholes for inspection and logging by engineers and subsequent testing in our laboratories. TRIAL PITTING Trial pitting can be carried out by a variety of methods from hand dug pits to machine excavated trenches. Trial pitting is generally carried out to a maximum depth of 4.5m with standard excavation plant and, depending on soil conditions, is generally suitable for most low rise developments. All trial pit investigations are supervised by experienced engineers with a thorough understanding of geology and soil mechanics. DYNAMICS PROBE TEST Cone Penetration Test To carried out the cone penetration test is pushed into a soil deposit while various measured parameters are recorded. The test is similar to the Dutch Deep sounding (or piezocone test) with the addition of a cone penetration element in the probe to measure water pressure. The test is also known as pore pressure sounding or CPTU. Mackintosh/JKR Probe Test This is a dynamic penetrometer test used to check the consistency of the subsoil. Mackintosh Probe which has 30° cone penetrometer while JKR Probes has 60° cone penetrometer. This is a light dynamic test and the cone is driven directly...
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...The Evolution of Fire Investigation and Its Impact on Arson Cases Journal Article by Kevin Weitzel Arson investigation is an ever changing field of science and crime investigation. Arson investigators need to be highly educated in their field and unfortunately most are not properly educated resulting in many high profile cases being unfinished or citizens being wrongly convicted. This paper will cover an article by John J. Lentini discussing these topics. Fire investigation is a complex field of work that unfortunately is not drawing in college graduates because of its low pay scale. This in turn makes being a fire investigator just a matter of learning from the older more experienced fire investigators who they themselves were never properly educated. To quote Lentini (p. 1 2012) “The reality is that the fire investigation profession has within its ranks a large number of individuals who don’t know what they’re doing”. This is quite a disturbing thing to read, professional testimonies we rely on to send people away for 10, 20, or even 50 years in prison could be complete hacks, taught by hacks, and really have no idea what they’re doing but nobody else will question them either, which makes all of this a lot worse. In 1994, a group of scientists including John J. Lentini developed a position paper stating that an accelerate detecting canine (ADC) alert was in fact not suitable for a jury to hear but were in fact much more suitable as a means to prove probable cause to...
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...66. which of the ff shall cause the investigator to assume that the victim died of direct with flame? a. presence of soot and fire gases at respiratory tract b. prominence of trauma that is probably caused by a stab c. intense charring of entire body d. none of the above 67. if the victim is totally charred, which of the ff is the least reliable means to identifying such? a. Fingerprints b. dental features c. gender d. any of the choices 68. it is the common cause of accidental fire in manila. a. electrical b. nuclear c. mechanical d. chemical 69. it is the system of interconnected pipe that supplies water for fire suppression system in a particular installation. a. wet pipe b. dry pipe c. stand pipe d. sprinkler 70. the product of the fire that is detected by gas chromatogram and ion spectrometer. a. flames b. heat c. soot d. fire gases 71. fires involving electrical equipment and may be extinguish by means of carbon dioxide, dry chemical and vaporizing liquids. a. class A b. class C c. class B d. class D 72. fires involving flammable metals such as magnesium, potassium, powdered, aluminum, zinc, etc. which may be extinguished by means of G.I type methyl, dry sand. a. class A b. class C c. class B d. class D 73. the act to set fire with the preparation of inflammable material at the place to be burned. a. consummated arson b. attempted arson c. frustrated arson d. no crime 74. it is considered as acts of group fire setters...
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...Tommie Brown Grand Canyon University The History of Criminal Investigations DNA Overturned June 29, 2016 Many cases have been solved with good investigation work and the technology of DNA. As a result of this technology many convicted criminals have been released due to DNA overturned in their cases. This was true in the case of Anthony Capozzi who spent 22 years in prison for a crime he did not commit (innocenceproject.org). In the mid-1980s Capozzi was wrongfully convicted of committing two sexual assaults in Buffalo, New York. It was DNA testing that proved his innocence (innocenceproject.org). The true perpetrator’s identity was revealed and DNA testing also revealed that this criminal committed multiple rapes and murders. The crimes itself consist of several women being raped along the bike path in Delaware Park. The crimes took place around December of 1983 and July of 1984. The attacker had it all planned out as he would wait for the right moment then move in for the attack. The attacker apparently surprised his victims from behind by threatening them with a gun. Once the victim was at his mercy he went on to rape them and when finished he gave them instructions to remain on the ground for up to 20 minutes before they move (innocenceproject.org)...
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...Personal Law Torre Colegrove Witness Essay 1/19/16 Eye witness identification is very significant in a conviction, it can put a guilty person behind bars or if misidentified, it can put an innocent person behind those same bars. Eye witness misidentification is the greatest contributing factor to wrongful convictions proven by DNA testing, paying a role in more than 70% of convictions overturned through DNA testing nationwide. For instance, in the misidentification of Marvin Anderson, a man wrongfully convicted of a rape, misidentification by the victim caused him to serve fifteen years in prison. Because the rapist had told the victim he had a white girl, the police immediately looked to Marvin as a suspect since he is the only colored man living with a white wife. After the victim chose Marvin’s mugshot out of a dozen black and white mugshots, the police created a line up with Marvin being the only man in it from the mug shots. Although Marvin had an alibi he was convicted and served fifteen brutal years he didn’t deserve in prison. It wasn’t until after DNA had testing proved Marvin wasn’t the rapist that they let him free. This is only one of the many cases that witness misidentification has taken years and even entire lives from innocent people. To ensure that witness misidentification isn’t a problem many states are considering improving their identification...
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...Arson Investigator The reason I decided to choose this topic, and not something about a particular part of the fire service, is because I was watching a TV show CSI where they solve crimes and such. Well this topic of fire fighter arson was on the show where a fire fighter set a fire on purpose. So I decided that it looked interesting considering it is what I want to do. Fire fighter arson is basically when a fire fighter sets a fire and I will break it down on why some fire fighters do it, affects of fire fighter arson, basic profile of the fire fighter arsonist, fire service responsibilities in preventing fire fighter arson, and actions to take when a problem is suspected. There were a number of people who had been arrested for this crime and were willing to share their motivations. The biggest reason was people were looking for recognition and liked to play the role of a hero. These people would get a thrill to be the reporting party or to be first on the scene. Another reason is a person might have a psychiatric problem that they have towards the fascination with fire. While others have a low self-esteem or self-confidence, and they want to feel like they belong to a group and are accepted by others. There are many effects of fire fighter arson, which all are very clear cut effects, they include the possibility of injury, loss of life, property and financial loss due to fire, and the increase of insurance premiums that we pay when arson occurs. This crime of arson will...
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...DETAIL SOIL INVESTIGATION INTRODUCTION SOIL INVESTIGATION is carried out to design a right type of foundation safely and economically. A designer requires adequate information about the physical properties and the arrangement of the materials underground. The field and laboratory investigations needed to get this necessary information is known as soil exploration. The study of complete soil investigations can be grouped as follows : • Objectives or purposes, • Preliminary investigations, • Methods of site exploration, • Depth and spacing of trial pits and bore holes, • Choice of a method, • Recording of data. The investigation of the geology and previous uses of any site, together with the determination of its engineering, environmental and contamination characteristics is fundamental to both safe and economic development. [pic] SOIL TESTING • Soil tests can be conducted on samples that truly represent the soil at the site. • Soil sampling, testing and test interpretation must be conducted with guidance from specially trained and experienced personnel. • Proper soil testing is proven to be a reliable basis for the design of foundations and commonly used in site investigations to indicate their potential use and limitations. • Based on the premise that the behavior of soil masses under imposed conditions can be predicted if certain soil properties can be measured. • The results of soil tests must be interpreted based on past experience...
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...The purpose of a site investigation is to identify the ground conditions which might affect the proposed development. It enables better understanding of the site and immediate surroundings, which will enable safe and economic developments. They are a common requirement of the investors as well as the regulatory authorities. In the broadest sense, the ground conditions are understood to include not only the underlying soils and rocks but also the groundwater regime, any contamination and effects of any previous uses of the site The purpose of a site investigation is to identify the ground conditions which ma, any contamination and the effects o 1.1.1 The scale of problem Various reports over the past 25 years have shown that the largest element of technical and financial risk normally lies in the ground. Ground related problems have led to late completions and high cost overruns on the national scale. Lady using a tablet Professional Essay Writers Get your grade or your money back using our Essay Writing Service! ESSAY WRITING SERVICE In an analysis of 8000 building projects, National economic Development office (NEDO) stated that one third of the projects overran by more than a month, a further one third overran up to a month due to delays due to unforeseen ground conditions. Work in groups or pairs, note down a few points on Why carry out site investigation? 1.2 Why carry out site investigation? The characterization of ground conditions whether for...
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... leading and controlling. The purpose of this paper is to establish research and evidence that confirms the Department of Financial Services (DFS) State Fire Marshals is a well managed, properly functioning organization that provides the most pristine service to its communities, when referenced to the above mentioned functions. The Department of Financial Services (DFS) is a state organization that has many divisions encompassing anywhere from financial accounting to law enforcement investigations. Under this organization, the Division of State Fire Marshals is a law enforcement investigations unit that conducts origin and cause investigations into fires throughout the state of Florida. The Bureau of Fire and Arson Investigations is the state law enforcement branch within this Division and are responsible for investigating fires both accidental and criminal. Dating back to 1973, the State Fire Marshal’s office was established and its main purpose was “suppression of arson and the investigation of the cause, origin, and circumstances of fire” (“DFS SFM History”, 2012). In 1976, the bureau became law enforcement recognized and currently today has over 100 sworn officers. The bureau operates twenty-four hours, seven days a week, as...
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...Courtney Sands December 4, 2015 Professor Sever Criminal Investigation Unit 2: Reconstructing the Past As we are covering unit two within our discussion and seminar. As the assignment was presented to us. We have to discuss the methods of inquiry and how they are used in criminal investigations, then the steps to reconstruct a case and how we illustrate the concepts through a hearsay case, then understanding the fundamentals are identified witness, offenders, connecting evidence from the scene. A method of inquiry must be based on the assembly of the obvious, experimental, and measureable evidence subject to specific value of reasoning. It is part of the technical method, and they are used as part of a criminal investigation to achieve a number of goals, but biggest of which is usually determine the criminal. The scientific method is a systematic approach of observation, theory testing, and hypothesis evaluation that forms the basis for modern science. The method of analysis, at the most basic level, includes interviews and interrogations, and a on a crime scene specific levels also includes canvassing. Who gives the investigators information on what they could have seen what possibly could have happened at the scene. Interviews are non-protective, and are the common way to gather information from crime victims and witnesses, or even from stoolpigeons who might passes further information to help shed light upon the facts on the open case. Cross-examinations on the...
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...Crime Comparison Paper Christopher Shavers CJA 314 October 3, 2012 Michael Rutledge, Facilitator Crime Comparison Paper Introduction Hate crimes within the United States have become increasingly rampant. The federal government has established hate crime laws in each state except Wyoming. Each state has different definitions of what constitutes hate crimes. The most commonly known hate crimes consist of race, ethnicity, religion, and sexual orientation. Most of these crimes are committed by assailants who physically assault their victims. Many victims are also subject to have their property vandalized. (Nij, 2010). This paper will compare hate crime data from the FBI’s Uniform Crime Report on hate crimes that have been committed in Florida and Georgia during 2010. According to the FBI Uniform crime report, Gainesville Florida had the largest number of reported incidents out of the all the state enforcement agencies during the year 2010. There were a total of 136 incidents reported in the state of Florida. In Georgia seven law enforcement agencies submitted incidents totaling seventeen crimes. Gainesville Florida had a total of eleven incidents of hate crimes. The crimes were motivated by race, religion, and sexual orientation. Three of the incidents were motivated by race, four was motivated by religion, and two each was motivated by sexual orientation and ethnicity. The most occurrences of hate crimes occurred during the second quarter of the fiscal...
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...Most people envision organized crime as a big Italian man sitting in a chair with two or three men in suits ready to break knees and place people in a car. These images describe but one facet of a complex and up-to-date organization. Organized crime, as described by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, is defined as “any group having some manner of a formalized structure and whose primary objective is to obtain money through illegal activities...[and] maintain their position through the use of actual or threatened violence, corrupt public officials, graft, or extortion, and generally have a significant impact on the people of locales, region, or the country as a whole (2012).” As a result, they tend to hold great influence over the daily functions of society. Though law enforcement officials have attempted and have successfully obstructed the business of many criminal organizations, most who have more complex networks tend not to be deterred. Through the evaluation of organized crime through a criminological perspective, one can better understand how they have survived over the years as well as why it is difficult to restrain the organizations. The history of organized crime in general is as long as it is complex, and over the last two decades, organized crime has become even more complex than before (Bjelopera & Finklea, 2012). Crime organizations have found lucrative means of maintaining their organizations despite the constant pressure from law enforcement officials to...
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...1. Explain what policy objectives are usually pursued within a counterterrorism grand strategy? Provide suitable examples to illustrate your answer. To create an effective counterterrorism grand strategy, states and governments need to identify what the aim of terrorism upon their state is, the terrorist’s goals and ultimately what they aim to achieve with these acts. Without identifying these areas states can’t introduce and effective counterterrorism strategy. This essay will focus on the policy objectives of the Australian government with their counterterrorism strategy, predominantly the changes made over the last decade as a response to new international terrorism threats. This essay will also look at the United States Counterterrorism policies and their objectives, as they have made some of the most influential decisions regarding counterterrorism over the last decade. In Australia the Criminal Code Act 1995 states that a terrorist act means an action or threat of action where the action causes certain defined forms of harm or interference and the action is done or the threat is made with advancing a political, religious or ideological cause. (Government, 2004) From this definition counterterrorism can be defined as the tactics, practices strategies and techniques used by governments and law enforcement to counteract terrorism acts. States use a variety of goals and subsequently sub-goals that determine their counterterrorism policies. These can vary greatly...
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