...microelectronics, materials, and behavioral science.[1] DARPA's mission is to maintain the technological superiority of the U.S. military and prevent technological surprise from threatening our national security. DARPA programs focus on high-risk research with that will have payoffs that could provide dramatic advances in military capabilities. Each DARPA office manages a large portfolio of programs.[3] DARPA’s original mission, inspired by the Soviet Union beating the United States into space with Sputnik,[2] was to prevent technological surprise. This mission has evolved over time. Today, DARPA’s mission is to prevent technological surprise for us and to create technological surprise for our adversaries. [2] By focusing on high-risk research that could provide dramatic advances in military capabilities, DARPA maintain its mission which is to prevent any new technological attack from any threatening countries against the national security of the USA, while in the same time making sure to have the most advanced military technological superiority in the world. DARPA’s main tactic for executing its strategy is to constantly search worldwide for revolutionary high-payoff ideas and then sponsor projects bridging the gap between fundamental discoveries and the provision of new...
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...Importance of Welfare Reform The idea of welfare reform is not a new concept. The federal government is responsible for funding subsidy programs for low income Americans. One of these programs is Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). According to the Office of Family Assistance (1999) the TANF program is intended to assist low income families to achieve self sufficiency. It goes on to explain that states receive block grants for which they are to plan and initiate programs that accomplish one of the purposes of the TANF program. The four purposes of the TANF program are to: * Provide assistance to needy families so that children can be cared for in their own homes. * Reduce the dependency of needy parents by promoting job preparation, work and marriage. * Prevent and reduce the incidence of out-of-wedlock pregnancies. * Encourage the formation and maintenance of two-parent families (Office of Family Assistance, 1999). On the surface, these four purposes seem very competent in promoting the idea that being on welfare permanently is not the idea of the assistance program. However, federal involvement in welfare has only made things worse, complicating matters by the waste of taxpayers' money while doing very little to solve the problem of long-term poverty. The policy pathway being proposed in this memorandum is that the federal government should remove their role in TANF and all related welfare programs and leave these programs to state governments or even...
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...SECTION A / BAHAGIAN A: RESPONDENT IDENTITY / MAKLUMAT RESPONDEN 1. Gender / Jantina 5. Ethnic / Etnik Male / Lelaki Malay / Melayu Female / Perempuan Chinese / Cina Indian / India 2. Age / Umur 6. Marital / Status Perkahwinan 21- 25 Age/ Tahun Not married / Belum kahwin 26- 30 Age / Tahun Married / Berkahwin 31- 35 Age/ Tahun Widower/widow / Duda/janda More / Lebih 36 3. Education / Tahap pendidikan 7. Religion / Agama SPM / SPM/setara Islam / Islam STPM / STPM/Diploma Buddha / Budha Degree / Ijazah Cristian / Kristian Others / Lain-lain (Nyatakan) Hindu / Hindu ___________________ Others / Lain-lain (Nyatakan) _______________________ 4. Monthly Income / Pendapatan Bulanan 8. Period Service / Perkhidmatan Less / Kurang RM1000 Less / Kurang 1 years/Tahun RM 1001 – RM 1500 1 - 3 years/ Tahun RM 1501 – RM 2000 4 - 6 years / Tahun RM 2001 – RM 3000 7 - 9 years / Tahun More / Lebih RM 3000 More / Lebih dari 10 years/ tahun SECTION B / BAHAGIAN B : PERCEPTION OF TRAINING PROVIDED / TANGGAPAN TERHADAP LATIHAN YANG DIBERIKAN Instructions: Circle the number that reflects your level of agreement with the following statement. Assuming the figures as mean as described below. Arahan: Bulatkan pada angka yang menggambarkan tahap persetujuan anda dengan penyataan yang diberi. Anggapkan angka-angka itu sebagai bermaksud deperti yang dinyatakan dibawah ini. 5 = Always (A) / Selalu...
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...and Mohammed Al-Ansari Intellectual Assets Management, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia. 1. Introduction Something amazing happened in the corporate world. The idea to innovate has captured our imagination. As an example, in 1996, Lucent Technologies’ award winning “Creativity Center” was industries state-of-the art that provided leadership, passion, outstanding marketing, training and communication. Similarly, Enron was the industry “darling” for its innovation program; Enron’s major intranet program “eThink” was recognized with awards for excellence in communication. Yet four years later Enron went bankrupt, the programs of many companies were in ruins joining the ranks of Polaroid, DuPont, Reynolds, Ford and many others. What happened? We watched many companies failed while other organizations remained successful. What made the difference in the innovation process? While many companies failed, others were successful adding value fostering innovation and creativity. Many companies such as 3M, IBM, Disney, Microsoft, and Sony continued to innovate. This paper attempts to explain the reasons behind the failures and successes. 2. What is Innovation? Innovation is discovering new ways of creating value. Innovation serves as the lifeblood of many organizations whose survival and growth depend on developing new technology, products and services. A successful organization is a creative organization because creativity is the single most important contribution employees can contribute...
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...initiatives. However, due to the harshness of Best Snack’s situation, the company is forced to evaluate the likes and dislikes of their constituents in order to compete with success. This paper will address Best Snack’s circumstance in a manner of resolving issues and realizing future opportunities, engaging stakeholders throughout the process to ensure success, and implementing a strategic plan involving new innovative ways and creativity as a vital part of the company’s culture. Describe the Situation Issue and Opportunity Identification Elizabeth Fairchild announced in a Memo to all employees – do to the rapid changes in the world; in order for Best Snacks to continue being successful the company will have to keep up with the changes. The company’s success with depend on if the company leads the way in creativity and innovation. (University of Phoenix, 2010, pg 2) The company has an opportunity to reorganize the organization to put the company on track with innovative and creative changes. “The individual level managers need to do all they can to facilitate the learning of new skills, norms and values so that individuals can increase their own personal skills and abilities and help build the organization’s core competences.” (Jones, 2004, pg 377) “The CEO of Best Snacks has several goals for...
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...and trade secret law have been the primary means for protecting utilitarian works. Computer software as a relatively new recipient of copyright protection, however, defies easy categorisation within the traditional framework of the intellectual property system. 1 With respect to computer software, courts have had to grapple with the vexatious issue of drawing a precise line between copyrightable expression of computer software and the uncopyrightable processes that they implement. The present paper seeks to study some of these themes and the principles enunciated in judicial decisions in clarifying the issue. Computer software as literary work It is a well-established proposition that computer programs2 are copyrightable subject-matter, just like any other literary work.3 Loading a program into computer memory, saving the program or running it without authority may infringe copyright. Making an arrangement or altered version of the program or converting it into or out of one computer language or code into a different computer language or code is also an infringement. It is a well-established proposition that computer programs are copyrightable subject-matter, just like any other literary work. Loading a program into computer memory, saving the program or running it without authority may infringe copyright. Making an arrangement or altered version of the program or converting it into or out of one computer language or code into a different computer language or code is also an...
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... Evaluation of the ideas The report analyzes the degree of innovativeness of the ideas proposed in the group presentation. It uses the NAF [Novelty, Attractiveness & Feasibility study] approach to assess the ideas presented in the presentation. I chose the approach because it is simple to use and strategic in the idea selection process. Each idea presented in the essay should be scored 1-10 for the following three aspects: 1. Novelty – it concerns how novel the idea is and the degree of novelty determines its creativity 2. Attractiveness – it ascertains the attractiveness of the idea. For instance, does it absolutely solve the existing problem? Or is it just a fractional solution. 3. Feasibility/Practicability – how feasible is the idea in being put into practice? Is it really feasible? (Bradac & Rebernik, n.d., p 44) Part One Part one of the essay presents the idea social programs and diverse activities. In this part, I will evaluate two concepts, first the social program and the CATWOE analysis approach using the model. Social Programs According to Laughlin (2011, p 22), the return of corporate benefits to the community is one of the most important policies of Samsung. For purposes of sustaining these social welfare programs, the company normally requires its employees to voluntarily participate in these programs. I will carry out an analysis of the social welfare as presented in the essay as one of the critical ideas. At first, I will try...
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...useful information and latest news, have a great influence in shaping people’s ideas. The following are the discussion on how the mass media directly and indirectly affect our thinking and idea. First, we rely on mass media to provide us latest and updated news that happened around the world. With the latest information technology, we know what is going on in the world in real time. Businessmen and investors have to keep up with the latest information in order to make the right decision for their business and investment. The information includes the current political, economic and social issues in a country. Sometimes, new ideas are invented based on this information as it usually reflects the need of the people and the potential market. For those who love to travel, they can plan their trip after watching a travel program on television or read an introductory article of the place of interest on newspapers. They also can get all the latest information of any place on website. Thus, the mass media helps travelers to have the ideas of what to aspect when they are visiting those places. Next, mass media greatly influence our choice making. Everywhere, we are flooded with all kinds of advertisements. We have seen them mainly on television, newspaper and magazine. It seems like they are everywhere. If you bought a fashion magazine, I can assure you that there are about 40% of the pages are advertisements. It is the same for any television program, it always accompanies by all...
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...Are Study Abroad Programs just a Waste of Time? Name Institutional Affiliation Are Study Abroad Programs just a Waste of Time? People have a different opinion regarding study abroad program. Some opine that it is a waste of time while others think otherwise. I think that studying abroad programs are not just a waste of time. These programs provide an opportunity for the students to travel and see the world. Through abroad academic programs, students gain firsthand experience about a foreign country they have never seen before. Traveling in a foreign country for an abroad study programs also provides the student with an opportunity to see other nations neighboring the host country. For example traveling to France for an abroad education programs provides the student with the opportunity to see other European nations such as Italy. Studying abroad is not a waste of time because such program helps improve the social aspects of the student. Academic programs are not confined to a classroom setting only. They involve out of class knowledge such as the social affairs of foreign people. Academic programs are developed such that students relate what they learn in class and the real life events in different facets of life including the social patterns. Study abroad academic programs achieve this purpose when offered through academic institutions. As such, they offer new avenues of gathering knowledge by the students who learn through exposure to different environments. Consequently...
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...Problem Solution: Riordan Manufacturing Employee motivation is an issue that does not discriminate (UoP, 2008). “Motivation is the willingness to exert effort in a particular way” (Dreher & Dougherty, 2001, p.28). Two theories can be reviewed when examining motivation. The first is expectancy theory. Expectancy theory holds that people are motivated to behave in ways that produce desired combinations of expected outcomes (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2004). Vroom’s expectancy theory is a mathematical model that looks at motivation. Employee motivation is influenced by expectation. If I get a raise at the end of the year for all my hard work I will work harder next year. If I work hard and don’t get a raise then my effort level will decrease. Porter & Lawler’s extension expectancy model identified people’s valences and expectancies and how effort connected to performance. “Valence refers to the positive or negative value people place on outcomes’ (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2004, p. 300). This theory showed that job satisfaction was directly linked with how employees perceived their reward. Employees will alter their mind-sets only if they see the point of the change and agree with it – at least enough to give it a try (Lawson & Price, 2003). The second theory is equity theory. “Equity theory is a model that explains how people strive for fairness and justice in social exchanges or give-and-take relationships” (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2004, p. 290). Adam’s equity theory of motivation looks at inputs...
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...Study 4/2/13 Grappling With Growth 1. What are potential strategies that the wrestling program can implement via social media marketing to improve interactions with key stakeholders on a regular basis? The wrestling program needs a way to interact with their stakeholders on a regular basis. The program can do this through social media. Social media allows you to be able to reach out to many people at once and market your brand to them. The main objectives of using social media is to increase attendance, strengthen your brand, and keep fans up to date with the latest program news. Facebook is a good way to gain followers and interact with them. By creating a Facebook page for the wrestling program, you can make status updates of upcoming events, post links to articles or videos about the program, and discuss the success of the program. Twitter is another good social media tool to keep in touch with fans and grow your audience. You can tweet about the program every day, trying to gain more attention for the wrestling program. Twitter allows you to discuss things with followers by tweeting at them or re-tweeting them. A third platform that is effective is YouTube. YouTube is a good way to show fans highlights throughout the season and can become a way to digitally archive the events. All wrestling matches can be put on YouTube for fans to access at any time. 2. In your new position as assistant wrestling coach, how do you plan on using traditional marketing strategies...
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...Best Snacks having comfort of being success the past few years they have now discovered that they must find creative and innovative ways to sell the snacks that the business has been built on. The areas that Best Snacks will need to focus on are sales, marketing new ideas and management support. With over 100 years of notoriety they need to focus on how to be creative by involving the staff and employees thoughts and ideas that can be used for innovative change within the company and the customers that they serve. This paper will attempt to discuss and create a problem statement that Best Snacks, Inc. and its team players are facing and needs to resolve. The resolution will need to implement a strategic plan that will be able to identify, define, and have a purpose and display what the priorities are needed to ensure a successful outcome. The problem solution will begin with realizing what the creative and innovative plan will need to have in order for the implementation to begin the process. The order of business has been brought forth by Elizabeth Fairchild who is the Chief Executive Officer and believes that Sabrina McKay, Vice President of Organizational Development will be able to implement some fresh and new ideas (Scenario, 2006). Sabrina’s area of accomplishments is within organizational development which can produce innovation through the people who are within the organization. While the staff is more than willing to finding ways to accomplish increasing sales they also...
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...is to maximize profits by providing quality products at appropriate prices. The firm also wants to satisfy its customers. The company’s latest idea to increase its revenue is to implement a customer rewards program that will track customer purchases and help identify trends that will allow Kudler Fine Foods to tailor its offerings to better satisfy their customers. In regard to the electronic commerce, the Kudler Fine Foods Sales and Marketing Department is initiating a Frequent Shopper Program to track customer purchase patterns and offer shopper incentives through a loyalty point programs. The beginning of this program will assist the Kudler Fine Food in inspiring customer loyalty and react to customer shopping orientations. For the customers of Kudler Fine Foods, speciality items are more vital than the price of the items they are intended to purchase, so in this case rather than offering daily discounts for purchase frequency, the company has united with a loyalty points program to reward customers with redeemable points for high-value gift items, airline advances or other specialty foods. The prominent goals of the Kudler Fine Foods Frequent Shopper program is to encourage customer loyalty, to better react to customer's buying demands and to augment food governing skillfulness. A successful implementation of the program should augment revenue over time by modifying loyalty and meeting customer needs and decrease costs by amending inventory procedures. The initiative...
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...them with these new programs and technology. Even long time HR employee Ethel Moore, who was very skeptical and afraid of these new technical advances came to Sam with an idea for a web-based job posting system. They both worked together and created a team developing an idea for a web-based program linking managers, internal recruiters, and applicants to assist with internal hiring and job posts. Current Vice President Sandra Ivey was on board right away and the team was authorized to start work on the project within a few weeks. Everything was going well until Mrs. Ivey resigned. Mr. Tom Carr took over as the new vice president and had little or no interest in this project. He felt it was a waste of time. In fact, it seemed like he had no interest in technology and its uses. He felt that the HR department is a people job and was best done with face to face interaction (Daft, 2013, p. 343). With Sam’s back against the wall he has to decide if the project is even worth fighting for or does his boss have a point, maybe HR should be handled with personal interaction rather than with a web-based system. Causes of the Problem Some might say that the cause of this problem is Sam’s boss and his narrow mindedness. Maybe he is just afraid of the new technology as many people can be when they don’t understand something or don’t like change. Mr. Carr prefers the old way of doing business. With the HR department and Ethel Moore just recently getting on board with the new technology it...
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...NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT This means the development of original products, product improvements, product modification and new brands through the firm’s own research and development efforts. Give the rapid changes in consumer tastes, technology and competition; companies development a steady stream of new products and services. A company can obtain new products in two ways: Acquisition – to buy a whole company, a patent or a license to produce someone else’s products New product development – through the company’s research and development department. Why new products can fail: ▪ The market size may be overwhelmed even if the idea is good. ▪ The actual product was not designed as well as it should have been. ▪ It is incorrectly positioned in the market, priced too high or advertised poorly. ▪ A high level executive might push a favourite idea despite poor marketing research findings. ▪ Costs of development are higher than expected. ▪ The competitors might at times fight back harder than expected. The new product development process involves these major steps: 1) Idea Generation Idea generation means the systematic search of new product ideas. A well known management consultant said, ‘for every 1000 ideas, only 100 ideas will have enough commercial promise to merit a small-scale experiment, only 10 of these will warrant substantial financial commitment and of these only a couple will turn out to be qualified success.’ Major sources...
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