...Of The Child Jesus Kidz Academy 20. Sto. Rosario St., Karuhatan Valenzuela City Effects Of Cigarette Addiction in The Selected Secondary Students of St.Therese of The Child Jesus Kidz Academy Researchers: Bacalangco, John Lorenz P. Dinampo, Ian Howell Steven S. Geronimo, Genesis D. Kistadio, Leigh Marrione P. Javate, Jonathan Clyde G. Madrid, Vincent Alaine A. Submitted to: Ms. Cidro,Josephen P. English Teacher 2015 Chapter I Introduction Acording to Robert West Health Behaviour Research CentreDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London that addiction involves powerful motivation to engage in an activity repeatedly to an extent that is harmful often accompanied by impaired capacity for self-control. To effectively combat addiction to cigarettes requires an understanding that there are several mechanisms underlying it. The Prime Theory of motivation aims to provide a model that can encapsulate these mechanisms. It recognises that evolution has led to multiple levels of motivation from basic impulses and inhibitions, through ‘motives’ (feelings of want and need), to ‘evaluations’ (beliefs about what is good or bad), and plans (intentions regarding future actions). Self-control involves self-consciously generating motives from evaluations or plans; it requires and depletes mental energy. Nicotine from cigarettes generates the motivation to smoke and undermines self-control by interacting with all of the level of motivation...
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...Caraga State University Ampayon, Butuan City ADDICTION OF CIGARETTES SMOKING INSIDE THE CSU CAMPUS Mucram, Jamael C. 09070123796 Jhon Mark C. Gomez, Anchie G. Ruperto,Bompat Tagupa, Eunilyn R. Villafañe, Junalyn G. Cuevas, Kate Ariane A. I. Introduction a. Definition Nicotine is one of more than 4,000 chemicals found in the smoke from tobaccoproducts;it is the primary component that acts on the brain. Smokeless tobacco products(for example,snuffand chewing tobacco) also contain many toxins as well as high levelsof nicotine. Nicotine is anaturally occurring colorless liquid that turns brown whenburned and takes on the odor of tobaccowhen exposed to air. There are many species of tobacco plants the tabacum species serving as themajor source of today's tobacco products. Extensive study shows it to have a number of complex andsometimes unpredictable effects on the brain andt he body. As any smoker can tell you, nicotine is a remarkably addictive drug; only aboutsevenpercent who try to quit smoking on their own last at least one year. Nicotine is amongthe mostheavily used addictive drugs in the country, in spite of the long-known facts regardingsmoking'spotential to cause lung cancer and many other health problems. b. Psychological Disturbance Many smoke as a way to cope with stress, according to the Cleveland Clinic website. Psychologically speaking, this may be true to some extent since nicotine can temporarily alter moods and make feelings...
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...Addiction, what is it? Is it something that we feel or is it really a choice? For years in my personal life I have seen addiction take over my whole family through drugs and alcohol. It has destroyed many of people and it has helped many of people at the same time. When the word “addiction” is said it is manly used in a negative way, but it can also be positive as well. So is it or is it not a choice? In the beginning of any addiction it always starts off as choice or “something you want to do”. You want to drink, you want to do drugs, you want to have sex, etc. As time goes on though those so called “choices” that you once had start to become more addictive and more addictive until you are at a point where you don’t feel like or want to do something for your own pleasure, but you need it, you need to drink, you need to smoke, you need to have sex, etc. That once choice of addiction you had now becomes a disease, a uncontrollable need physically and mentally. So what now? Should you keep on believing that this once called “choice” that you had can be controlled or is it indeed an actual disease that is uncontrollable and that you may need help for (that’s even if you want the help)? The cure for addiction is totally up to the addict, but it is in fact that through time the addictions that a person once wanted are now addictions that a person needs every day, every minute, and every second and that is why addiction is not choice. In Alice M. Young’s research paper Addictive...
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...com/locate/drugpo Research paper Nicotine control: E-cigarettes, smoking and addiction Kirsten Bell a,∗ , Helen Keane b a b Department of Anthropology, 6303 NW Marine Drive, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada School of Sociology, Building 22, Hayden Allen Building, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Background: Over the past year or so, electronic cigarettes, more commonly known as ‘e-cigarettes’, have achieved widespread visibility and growing popularity. These products, which deliver nicotine via an inhaled mist, have caused no small amount of controversy in public health circles, and their rise has been accompanied by energetic debate about their potential harms and benefits. Methods: Interspersed with an analysis of current media coverage on e-cigarettes and the response of mainstream tobacco control and public health to these devices, this article examines the emergence of nicotine as both as an ‘addiction’ and a treatment for addiction. Results: We argue that by delivering nicotine in way that resembles the visual spectacle and bodily pleasures of smoking, but without the harms of combustible tobacco, e-cigarettes highlight the complex status of nicotine as both a poison and remedy in contemporary public health and tobacco control. Conclusion: In consequence, e-cigarettes jeopardize the carefully drawn distinctions between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ forms of nicotine. © 2012 Elsevier...
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...Abstract Addictions covers a range of maladaptive traits to include substance use, alcohol or behavior leading to significant impairments. There are various causes of addiction, but some theoretical frameworks indicates that addictions may have a genetic component that leads to a predisposition to develop addiction, a disease model of addiction or as the result of self-medicating of a primary disorder. This paper will take a theoretical view of the causes of addiction as well as developing a working definition of addiction. Causes of Addiction There are numerous theories regarding addiction and the causes of addiction; however, for the purpose of this paper we will discuss three areas or models of addiction as it relates to substance and alcohol related abuse. Before delving into the causes of addiction we will develop an understanding of what addiction is and what it is not by viewing a few theories and definitions of addiction. We will also develop an understanding of what constitute a diagnosis of addiction and causes one to develop an addiction in the context of genetic predisposition, disease and the prevalence of addiction among individuals with co-occurring disorders stemming from traumatic experiences such as childhood abuse. Addiction Defining addiction is not a simplistic task as there are many theories and definitions of addiction and how addiction develops. In Drugs and addiction: an Introduction to Epigenetics, Wong...
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...Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits Paper Jeston Walker PSY/250 December 8, 2014 Ronald Goodnight Introduction In this paper I will analyze one of your habits, how did I develop this habit, were there role models for this habit, and which people influenced the adoption of this habit. I will explain why do I continue the habit and has there been a time when I have attempted to break this habit. I will use the behavioral personality theory to explain why I have this habit. I will describe components of social/cognitive theory that explain why the habit formed. I will develop a plan that applies operant conditioning to change this habit. Between the behavioral and social/cognitive theories, I will also describe which one do I find best explains my personality. Analyze one of your habits. How did you develop this habit? Were there role models for this habit? Which people influenced the adoption of this habit? My smoking habit began before I even turned 18. I tried my first cigarette around the age of 16, and I was addicted by the time I turned 18. It was several reasons why I developed the habit of smoking. A lot of my family members that was closed too were smokers. Their friends encourage them to try cigarettes, and to keep smoking. They saw smoking as a way of rebelling and showing independence. They think that everyone else is smoking, and that they should, too. Also I used to see tobacco advertising all the time, which targeted a lot of teenagers around...
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...Tobacco Cessation Effectiveness in Youth and Adolescence Despite the development of smoking cessation medications and aids, tobacco use remains a major societal problem in America today. The systemic effects of the nicotine contained in tobacco and absorbed by the body leave a devastating footprint on smokers and non-smokers alike. The financial strain on the healthcare system is self-evident. The research gathered has proven to be inadequate because the sample sizes are small, and the researchers did not properly record statistics to prove effectiveness of the cessation programs. There are three very effective steps for adolescent cessation: screen for tobacco dependency with families, counsel and use behavioral interventions and prescription medications, and finally educate parents about the dangers of second hand smoke. Lack of accessibility to numerous tobacco dependence treatments remains an issue. Furthermore, impact on health from tobacco use has been documented profusely, yet the tobacco industry still continues to lure adolescents and adults with the advertising and promotional markets. One in two smokers will die prematurely of a disease caused by dependence on tobacco. After reading findings by the United States Department of Health and Human Services, it is stated that “youths also are susceptible to tobacco advertising, and those who are exposed to frequent advertisements for tobacco are more likely to smoke than those who are...
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...THE PATH TO TOBACCO ADDICTION STARTS AT VERY YOUNG AGES Lifetime smoking and other tobacco use almost always begins by the time kids graduate from high school.1 Young kids’ naïve experimentation frequently develops into regular smoking, which typically turns into a strong addiction—well before the age of 18—that can overpower the most well-intentioned efforts to quit. Any efforts to decrease future tobacco use levels among high school students, college-aged youths or adults must include a focus on reducing experimentation and regular tobacco use among teenagers and pre-teens. How Early Do Kids Try Smoking? Every day more than 2,800 kids under 18 try smoking for the first time.2 Though very little data about smoking is regularly collected for kids under 12, the peak years for first trying to smoke appear to be in the sixth and seventh grades (or between the ages of 11 and 13), with a considerable number starting even earlier.3 In 2013, nearly five percent of eighth grade students reported having had their first cigarette by the end of fifth grade (ages 10 to 11), and 14.8 percent had tried smoking by the end of eighth grade. More than one-fourth (28.7%) of twelfth grade students reported having used cigarettes by the end of tenth grade.4 A 2013 nationwide survey found that nearly one in ten high school students (9.3%) had smoked at least one whole cigarette before the age of 13.5 The 2014 nationwide Monitoring the Future Study reports that more than one out of every three twelfth...
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... Addiction is a condition that results when a person ingests a substance such as alcohol, cocaine, nicotine or engages in an activity gambling, sex, shopping that can be pleasurable but the continued use/act of which becomes compulsive and interferes with ordinary life responsibilities, such as work. Computer addiction can be described as the excessive or compulsive use of the computer which persists despite serious negative consequences for personal, social or occupational function. Another clear conceptualization is made by Block who stated that Conceptually, the diagnosis is a compulsive-impulsive spectrum disorder that involves online and/or offline computer usage and consists of at least three subtypes: excessive gaming, sexual preoccupations, and e-mail/text messaging While it was expected that this new type of addiction would find a place under the compulsive disorders in the DSM 5 the current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders it is still counted as an unofficial disorder. The concept of Computer Addiction is broadly divided in two types, namely offline and online Computer Addiction. The term offline Computer Addiction is normally used when speaking about excessive gaming behavior, which can both be practiced offline and online.Online computer Addiction is also known as Internet addiction and gets in general more attention from scientific research than...
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...Vulnerable Populations and Self-Awareness Paper Barbara D. Ross University of Phoenix Health Assessment and Promotion for Vulnerable Population NUR 440 Marcella Hardy - Peterson April 19, 2010 Vulnerable Populations and Self-Awareness Paper The social stigma of cigarette smoking has grown over the last 25 years. Many states have established anti-smoking legislation that prohibits smoking in public areas. This paper examines current social, economic and health related impact of the chronic smoker in today’s sociality. The author began smoking cigarettes as an enlisted Navy recruit, quit “cold turkey” when a severe morning cough convinced her that smoking cigarettes might not be conducive to optimum health. The conversion from smoker to non-smoker was not difficult. Cigarette smoking can be part of a social and cultural ritual. Tobacco use became popular in the United States in the 1800’s. Chewing tobacco was the method of use for the early American pioneers. In 1880, James Bonsack, created a machine that rolled tobacco in paper. The creation of the cigarette machine increased the cigarette production and revolutionized the tobacco industry. The health concern of long termed cigarette smoking came to the forefront in the mid-twenthth century. The CDC estimated in 2005, that 20.9% of all U.S. adults, were current cigarette smokers, 80.8% smoked daily and 19.2% some days. The highest prevalence of ethnic smokers...
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...Psychological Effects of Street Drugs Krystal Colosimo Mohawk Valley Community College Abstract This paper explores the psychological effects of street drugs, classified as legal, illegal and controlled substances. The legal drugs that I cover are caffeine, alcohol and nicotine. The illegal are marijuana, cocaine, ecstasy and heroin. I will also discuss controlled substances, but mainly in reference to prescription pills. I discuss the short-term and long-term effects of all the drugs I cover as well as withdrawal symptoms. I will close with drug abuse treatment help and support and follow with my conclusion. Psychological Effects of Street Drugs A street drug is defined as any substance taken for nonmedical purposes. They can be legal or illegal and are comprised of amphetamines, barbiturates, opiates, psychoactive drugs and as well as natural sources. A drug is a chemical substance that has known biological effects on humans. For this paper I will be discussing drugs under the three categories of being legal, illegal and controlled substances. The most common legal drugs I will discuss are caffeine, alcohol and nicotine. The more common illegal drugs that I will discuss are marijuana, cocaine, ecstasy and heroin. There are numerous controlled substances as well and it is defined as a drug or chemical that is regulated by the government. For controlled substances I will only be covering prescription pills. Legal Drugs ...
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...a growing number of deaths because of drugs in the United States. With these numbers, there are still wide spread efforts to legalize illicit drugs around the country. This paper will research drug legalization in the United States versus other countries, the positives and negatives, and a reasoned opinion on the topic. When debating the issue of drug legalization and crime, there are questions to ask: Do drugs cause crime and do they inevitably lead to crime? If drugs are made legal, would there be less crime? If the government subsidized addicts, would they still engage in criminal conduct? What would happen if drugs were legalized (Hartnett, 2005)? States like Washington and Colorado have made Marijuana legal, all other states and countries are watching the results. They are watching what legalizing marijuana does for the economy, tax revenue, and crime reduction. There is an international impact with marijuana legalization. History behind the drug war Throughout the history of the drug war, both state and federal law enforcement agencies have cracked down on both drug abusers and drug dealers. During the late 60s, the U.S. government founded the U.S. Department of Justice’s Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs (BNDD). The BNDD worked a study to find a correlation between crime and heroin addiction. They found that 44 percent of those entering the jail system in Washington, D.C. have used heroin (Innabi, 2014). The next year the Controlled Substance Act was passed by...
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...that 400,000 deaths will occur this year in the United States from cigarette smoking. This gruesome statistic tells us that with illegal drugs, alcohol, motor vehicle, suicides and murders combined; cigarette smoking is still the number one contributor. In 1963, Herbert A. Gilbert was not aware of these kinds of statistics, however, he was on the brink of an invention that would revolutionize the way we smoke cigarettes almost fifty years later. The invention of the Electronic Cigarette [also known as the e-cig] was patented in 1963 by Herbert A. Gilbert, “The present invention relates to a smokeless non-tobacco cigarette and has for an object to provide a safe and harmless means for and method of smoking by replacing burning tobacco and paper with heated, moist, flavored air; or by inhaling warm medication into the lungs in case of a respiratory ailment under direction of a physician.” (Electronic Cigarettes, 2009) Unfortunately for Herbert, in the early 1960s cigarette smoking was not yet the threat it has become today. People just didn’t see a need to stop smoking. During the 1950s and 1960s, the Tobacco Company had always marketed towards women; smoking was a sexy thing. As one can see from the photograph, the young lady is beautiful, slender and happy. Throughout the middle of the 1960s big Tobacco Company’s began targeting the men and using advertisements such as cowboys and men with tattoos. This was to ensure your confidence while smoking that cigarette; sadly, this...
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...The topic of prostitution and drug use has been an ongoing battle over the decriminalization of these so called victimless crimes. They are both correlated to sociological factors, such as, race, gender, socioeconomic standing and age, which, increases the likelihood of becoming involved in prostitution and illegal drug use. They are correlated to each other because prostitution is a means of income to support drug use and drug use is used to make a prostitutes work “bearable”. This paper will discuss in detail, prostitution and illicit drug use, including the contributions of sociological variables. Furthermore, it will distinguish whether the two are truly victimless crimes. Finally, it will include a personal opinion regarding the decriminalization of drug abuse and prostitution. Prostitution is associated with sexual services for hire. Lyn Stankiewicz Murphy defined prostitution as “a behaviour that involves the exchange of sexual services for economic compensation in the form of drugs, money, or needed resources” (2010, p.775). There are several types of prostitutes that are based on their status. From lowest status to highest, they are: streetwalkers, bar prostitutes, house prostitutes, massage-parlour prostitutes and escort service prostitutes. Streetwalkers are those who solicit their availability on the streets and are most often ran by pimps. Bar prostitutes work in bars and lounges, while house prostitutes “operate illegally and on a small scale” and are “managed...
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...Tools and Programs to help quit smoking 2.1 Increase in the price of tobacco Raising cigarettes taxes is considered a long term method of controlling smoking, which is prevailing in the society. According to meta-analysis in 2003, statistics from 86 research papers show more than 50% of smokers were influenced by increase of tobacco price, which means a 10% tobacco price increase would result in 2.4% less smokers (Martire, Mattick, Doran&Hall, 2010). Therefore, the effects of increasing cigarette prices have a significant influence on decreasing the consumption of tobacco. Furthermore, Hayes (2011) claims that if the government of New Zealand follows the policy completely, the deaths caused by smoking in ten years will decrease up to 300 each year. Consequently, the World Health Organization suggests that regulating the price of tobacco is the most efficient measure to reduce smoking (WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, as cited in Hayes, 2011). 2.2 Legislative response According to Hayes (2011), the main barrier in the process of controlling smoking efficiently is that government lack of policy. It means that the government policies would not only focus on the cigarettes consumers, but also on supervising the authorized tobacco sellers. In 1985, a legislation was enacted in New Zealand, children under 16 years old were prohibited to buy cigarettes (Hayes, 2011). In addition, National Public Health Partnership (2000) notes that ACT, Western Australia and South...
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