...vehicles which the consumers are looking for. A shock absorber is a damping element of the vehicle suspension, and its performance directly affects the comfortability, dynamic load of the wheel and dynamic stroke of the suspension. The conventional type of shock absorbers has got the main drawback that it causes foaming of the fluid at high speeds of operation. This results in a decrease of the damping forces and a loss of spring control. The gas filled shock absorbers are designed to reduce foaming of the oil and provide a smooth ride for a long period. INTRODUCTION For a smooth and comfortable ride the disturbing forces should be eliminated or reduced considerably by using some devices. Shock absorbers are such devices which isolate the vibrations by absorbing some disturbing energy themselves. Of the many types telescopic shocks are widely used which has got the draw back that the flow of oil in the cylinder can cause foam of oil and air to form. These limit the optimum throughout of the flow in the valves. Gas shocks represent an advance over traditional shocks. Nitrogen filled gas shock absorbers are the results of years of extensive research and development with top flight shock design engineers. They are designed for both lowered and stock vehicles to provide shock absorbers that would out perform anything on the market today. Nitro shock absorbers are high quality, nitrogen filled shocks designed and gas charged specifically for...
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...INTRODUCTION An exactly analysis of the landing gear, as designed on modern aircraft’s, is necessary to understand the construction and systems of the landing gear of the Airbus A320. Operation of the landing gear is made possible through extension/retraction, steering, braking and damping systems. In order to maintain the safety of the aircraft, the design of the landing is satisfied to the legislation of the European Aviation Safety Agency . With the knowledge of the landing gear construction of the Airbus A320, the forces on the construction calculated during different flight phases. In these flight phases the aircraft endures several forces. The materials that are used depends on the forces at the aircraft . Then, with a good insight of the A320’s landing gear I’m able to provide an in detail overview of the common faults and problems of the A320’s landing gear. These faults and problems have consequences for the aircrafts airworthiness. Change in the aircraft’s airworthiness requires maintenance with inevitable costs for the airline . The used main sources, serve as information to learn how the landing gear of the Airbus A320 operates. Literature review The Airbus A320 family consists of short- to medium-range, narrow-body, commercial passenger jet airliners manufactured by Airbus. The family includes the A318, A319, A320 and A321, and the ACJ business jet. Final assembly of the family in Europe takes place in Toulouse, France, and Hamburg, Germany. Since 2009...
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...Adrian Howley Classical Argument Reporting earthquakes are very critical to studying the behavior of tectonic plates. The very first recorded earthquake occurred in the year 1831 B.C. and is currently known today as the 526 Antioch Earthquake. The area affected was Antioch, China (located between the Syria and Turkey regions). Not much is known about how the report was formed. However, this historic report did include information about how the aftershocks lasted for twelve months. Other details from this report indicate that the death toll is around 250,000 to 300,000 casualties. Scientists today can only prove that the earthquake occurred between May 20 and May 29 (date translated from B.C. to Calendar Year). The first instrument to measure the seismic waves of earthquakes was invented by Charles F. Richter at the California Institute of Technology. (Bellis, 2013) He introduced his new instrument called the Richter scale, to the world of science. His invention allows scientists today to study the mechanics behind earthquakes and locate the epicenter to which the natural disaster originated. The largest earthquake recorded by the Richter scale was measured on May 22, 1960 at a magnitude of 9.5. The quake resulted in 1,886 deaths, 2,000,000 homeless, and $1,175,000,000 total in damages. (“The Largest Earthquake”, [PDF file]) If we want to see these large numbers slide down to zero, the impossible will need to be challenged by science. Skyscrapers are buildings consisting...
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...challenges and opportunities. 2. What products and services does Dirt Bikes USA provide? How many types of products and services are available to customers? How does Dirt Bike USA sell its products? Dirt Bikes’ founders realized that the most popular dirt bikes were foreign brands and wanted to capitalize on their proximity to the dirt bikes racing circuit and market in the United States. Carl and Steve hoped they could develop bikes that performed and looked better than the competition by using the best custom parts available. Dirt Bikes does not hesitate to use quality components from all over the world. The engines for Dirt Bikes are Rotax engines from Austria and tires are from Dunlop, but many of their parts, such as shock absorbers, front wheel forks, exhaust pipes, and headlights, are from the United States. Dirt Bikes makes its own frames, shaping them to give them the unique spirited style for which the company is noted. The company’s parts and service business accounts for about 15% of its total revenue. Manufacturing and selling dirt bikes is a complex business. Dirt bike racing has many forms, including racing specifically for different size bikes, for short distances, long distance, and even for up to six days. Enduro bikes are...
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...Avon and Hero cycles. However, the son also looked at some expensive bicycles by Adidas and Firefox which cost more than Rs. 15,000. The son mentioned that he weighed around 120 Kg, even the father looked approximately of the same weight. Thus the strength of the bicycle was an important factor for them. They hopped on to the bicycle and checked it for strength many times and from different perspectives such as the strength of the frame and strength of the carrier. They preferred thicker tyres and wanted a wider seat. Other features such as front and back shock absorber (which they called jumper) were also considered but were not very crucial. However the salesman convinced them to buy a cycle with good shock absorbers as it will be more comfortable. After selecting the type of cycle, they looked at different colors in which it was available. They finalized on purchasing a Hero Dirt Terrain Bike Ranger with shock absorber and red in color. Its cost was Rs. 3450. They tried to bargain with the owner but when told that the price was...
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...Before you arrange to have any work performed, ask how the shop prices its work. Some shops charge a flat rate for labor on auto repairs. This published rate is based on an independent or manufacturer's estimate of the time required to complete repairs. Others charge on the basis of the actual time the technician worked on the repair. If you need expensive or complicated repairs, or if you have questions about recommended work, consider getting a second opinion. Find out if there will be a diagnostic charge if you decide to have the work performed elsewhere. Many repair shops charge for diagnostic time. Shops that do only diagnostic work and do not sell parts or repairs may be able to give you an objective opinion about which repairs are necessary. If you decide to get the work done, ask for a written estimate. What should a written estimate include? It should identify the condition to be repaired, the parts needed, and the anticipated labor charge. Make sure you get a signed copy. It should state that the shop will contact you for approval before they do any work exceeding a specified amount of time or money. State law may require this. What should I know about the parts to be repaired or replaced? Parts are classified as: New — These parts generally are made to original manufacturer's specifications, either by the vehicle manufacturer or an independent company. Your state may require repair shops to tell you if non-original equipment will be used in...
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...Sensors Sensors رك رك (س ا ا ) ا طولx طر وة زم ا دا ا دا لا ر ق ا ا ار ع ( مx ا رضx د ) طول زان ا و ود 18" Alloy 225/45 R18 13A (314A) 14B 14B (214A) GLS ل ا 14B (314A) ت ا ا طر ا ود ل 13 13A Airbags Power Steering with Tilt & Telescopic Power Windows Air Condition Paddle Shifter Power Mirrors With Side Repeators and folding Trip Computer Radio + CD + MP3 with steering control USB + AUX Front Fog Lamps Front Fog Lamps (with LED) Keyless Entry System Cruise Control Anti-Lock Brake System(ABS) Sunroof Auto Light Control LED Rear Combination Lamp Rear parking Assist System Rear LED combination lamp Smart key with button start Xenon Head Lamps Amplitude Selective Shock Absorber Chrome Coated Radiator Grille Integrated Memory System (IMS) Driver Electronic Stability Control (ESC) Electronic Chromic Mirror Active Headrests Leather Upholstery Lumbar Support for driver Power Seats for driver & passenger Solar Controlled Glass Bluetooth Navigation Infinity speakers Rain Sensor Wiper ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Single ● ● Manual ● ● ● ● Dual د ھوا ● ● ا دل ود ور ر و وا ذ ف ھواء ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● (ABS) ق ا ف LED (ق ن د وإ ددة 3 ا ود ط دلا ر ت ن ر ء ت دي + ام را داد ا ر +...
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...exchange for this deeper knowledge and ability in one factor, the organization typically suffers a loss of width in the marketplace therein reducing their potential customer base. Efficiencies should certainly be derived from this specialization and with efficiency may come greater profitability. When examining such an organization, a case study is useful to help break down the scenario and discover real-world effects of specialization. In this paper, the company Midas will be reviewed for their operational efficiencies, potential weaknesses and other negative impacts, and how, through analysis of these factors, a better business paradigm can be developed and implemented. Midas provide vehicle services related to exhaust, brakes, and shock absorbers. They do not offer general automotive services but rather specialize in those three areas. As described by Vonderembse and White (2013), this provides Midas with a number of advantages. Firstly, the limited services allows Midas to maintain a much more limited inventory which enables the workers to have the parts they need readily at hand near where work is being performed. Because of the focus on specific tasks, tools, training, and skills are also specialized and customized to fit the specific needs of the operation. “By increasing his degree of specialization, an individual is able to increase productivity by speeding up accumulation of experience via specialized learning-by-doing” (Borland & Yang, 1995, p. 21). This lets the...
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...Automotive Suspension System Introduction The role of a car suspension is to make best use of the resistance amongst the tires and the road surface, to deliver steering steadiness with decent management and to guarantee the well-being of the commuters. Within this report, an investigation of how care suspensions operate, in what way they have changed through the years as well as where the make of suspensions is heading in the years to come. If a roadway was impeccably level, without unevenness, suspensions would not be essential. However, roadways are further from being even. Even recently cemented motorways have delicate irregularities which can network with the controls of a vehicle. Such irregularities exert intensity to the controls. On the report of Newton’s laws of motion, all forces have both magnitude and direction. A knock in the road makes the controls movement up and down vertical to the road exterior. The enormity, is subject to whether the control is striking an enormous knock or a small dot. Whichever approach, the vehicle control encounters a perpendicular acceleration as it passes over an irregularity (William Harris, 2005) Fig 1. How car suspension works (William Harris, 2005) Safety critical and non-safety-critical systems Ride safety in terms of the vertical dynamic behaviour of the vehicle is supplied by the suspension if forces can be shifted in the middle of the tire and the motorway. This is an essential necessity provided that the motorist...
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...1st answer: The goal of the company is customization of dirt bike models for optimized racing and off-road recreational use. The culture employed by the dirt bike company is friendly family atmosphere, encourage teamwork, attention to detail and quality, continual learning and innovation, encourage ideas for improvement of products and services. 2nd answer: Dirt bikes USA is a dirt bikes(for racing) production automobile company. They produce huge number of automobile parts or products such as engines for Dirt Bikes are Rotax engines from Austria and tires are from Dunlop, but many of their parts, such as shock absorbers, front wheel forks, exhaust pipes, and headlights, are from the United States. Dirt Bikes makes its own frames, shaping them to give them the unique spirited style for which the company is noted. The companys parts and service business accounts for about 15% of its total revenue 3rd answer: . Dirt Bikes USA is still privately owned with Carl serving as CEO and Steven as President and Chief Operating Officer. About 120 employees work in design, engineering and production, including 3 full-time product designers and 3 engineers. In addition to a 4-person parts department, Dirt Bikes maintains a ten-person service department to service warranties and customer problems with parts and motorcycle performance. Five employees work in Dirt shipping and receiving department. Dirt Bikes sales staff consists of a marketing manager and 5 sales representatives, two for...
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...CAE Software of Twin-Tubes Shock Absorber Outer-Characteristic Changcheng Zhou, Jie Meng School of Traffic and Vehicle Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo 255049, China greatwall@sdut.edu.cn Abstract The pathway throttle and local throttle loss of oil flow in telescopic shock absorber were analyzed, and the pathway loss coefficient and equivalent length of piston holes were studied. According to the thickness and the pre-deformation of throttle slice, and the throttle holes area, the velocity points of valve opening were researched and the analytic formulas of shock absorber velocity when valve opening were given. With the velocity points of valve opening, the model of shock absorber outer characteristic was established by piecewise linear math function. Based on this, the CAE software for shock absorber outer characteristic was developed. A practical example of simulation of shock absorber outer characteristic was given with this CAE software, and the performance test was conducted to verify the CAE software. The results show that the CAE software is reliable, and the values simulated is close to that tested. 1. Introduction The shock absorber of automobile is one of the most important components of suspension system, and plays a vital role in the driving process of vehicles[1,2]. The characteristic of shock absorber influences driving smoothness and ride comfortableness of vehicles[3]. The shock absorber used most commonly on automobile...
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...A SUMMER TRAINING PROJECT REPORT ON BAJAJ AUTO PVT LTD. PREPARED BY Pankaj Sankharva (M.B.A. 1st Year) Chirag Manek (M.B.A. 1st Year) R.K. COLLEGE OF BUISNESS MANAGEMENT RAJKOT. (GUJARAT) MAY – JUNE 2006. I Pankaj Sankharva undersigned the student of M.B.A 1st Year. Of R.K. college of Business Management here by declares that the project work presented in this reports is my own work & has been carried out under supervision of Mr. Kumara Anjaria, Sales Manager of “Automotive Manufacturers Pvt Ltd” at Rajkot. It is a authorize showroom and service station of Bajaj Auto. Date:- Place :- Mr. Pankaj Sankharva I n today’s competitive world the practical study forms an important part in each and every professional course. The MBA is a course in which the theoretical knowledge is backed by the practical study. That study is in the form of project. The Summer Training Project is one of the important parts of the curriculum. And each and every student has to work for the project. The summer project enables the students to know more about the application of theoretical knowledge. The current situation of the market is made known to the students when they undertake the project. The project gives better insides into the application part of the theory. The companies in an industry and their operations can be better known by the students when they analyze the data, and prepare the grand project. This project is on the analysis of Two...
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...Physical Chemistry Understanding our Chemical World Physical Chemistry Understanding our Chemical World Paul Monk Manchester Metropolitan University, UK Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (+44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to permreq@wiley.co.uk, or faxed to (+44) 1243 770620. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Other Wiley...
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