...Internet has many uses, it is a network of hundreds and thousands of computer connected all over the world. It helps easy access of information and datas we needed. So if a computer is connected to the Internet, in principle, it can be connected to any other computer on the network.. Internet can supplement knowledge beyond traditional instructional method. One example is that instructors give certain assignments to students that they need to use web sites to acquire more information (Gray, 1999). All students do not learn of the same rate . Unfortunately, traditional classroom instruction cannot easily take this fact into account, but the computer can. With the computer student can pace themselves. They can linger over material that they need more time to absorb or they can speed through material that they readily understand. In fact, with the computer it is possible to branch a student to remedial material on the basis of the students response. Also with the computer, students can be allowed choice regarding the path they take through a lesson and the format in which they study it. In traditional instruction, the instructor might use different examples each semester in a course, or might teach the course in a radically different manner each time, but the students could only explain it in that one way during any given semester. However with the computer, students could be offered a number of option approaches to the same material. Computers are valuable tool for teaching students...
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...NRI’s Guide to Investment in Immovable Property and Tax Planning Rajkumar S. Adukia B.Com (Hons.), LL.B, ICWAI, FCA radukia@vsnl.com/rajkumarfca@gmail.com 093230 61049/ 093221 39642 Preface The last few years have seen tremendous growth in the real estate sector of India. Adding impetus to the growth is the liberal policy adopted by the Government of India towards foreign investment in this sector. It appears as if this is the right time for the NRIs to invest in immovable property in India. A time to make their money work at home, while they work abroad. With this book, I have made an attempt to provide answers to the problems commonly faced by a NRI who has already invested or is desirous of investing in immovable property in India. This guide is a simple primer on NRI investments in immovable property, repatriation of proceeds and tax incidences on remittances. This guide provides a detailed outlook on some standard issues in NRI investment in immovable property, repatriation and tax planning, providing non-residents guidance to investing in immovable property in the country. With a view to cover the issues of acquiring immovable property in India as well as outside India, I have divided the guide into two parts. Part A deals with acquisition of immovable property in India and Part B talks about acquisition of immovable property outside India. Part A consists of 27 chapters dealing with a host of topics right from the definition of NRI/PIO to differences between...
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...through normal banking channels by way of inward remittance from any place of India or ii. Funds held in any non-resident account maintained in accordance with the provisions of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 and the regulations made by Reserve Bank Of India from time to time. Such payment can not be made either by traveller’s cheque or by foreign currency notes or by other mode than those specially mentioned above. A person resident outside India who is a person of Indian Origin (PIO) can acquire any immovable property in India other than agricultural land / farm house / plantation property:i. By way of purchase out of funds received by way of inward remittance through normal banking channels or by debit to his NRE/ FCNR(B)/ NRO account. ii. By way of gift from a person resident in India or a NRI or a PIO. By way of inheritance from any a person resident in India or a person resident outside India who had acquired such property in accordance with the provisions of the foreign exchange law in force or FEMA regulations at the time of...
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... The million dollar question that has kept analysts and market experts guessing for quite some time now. Will the Rupee stop its free fall? Will it head further south? No one has an answer to this question at the moment. However, it is worthwhile looking at the measures taken by the Reserve Bank of India in this context and mull over what could be done to stem the fall of the currency. Here is a chronological series of measures taken by RBI since November 2011 to shore up the currency. Sl No. Timeline Measures taken by RBI 1 November 23. 2011 ECB raised for Rupee outlays to be brought in immediately 2 November 23, 2011 Increase in all-in-cost ceiling for ECB 3 December 16, 2011 Deregulation of interest rates on NRE and NRO Accounts 4 May 4, 2012 Deregulation of ceiling rate on Export Credit 5 May 4, 2012 Increase in interest rate ceiling on FCNR(B) Deposits 6 May 10, 2012 50% of balances in EEFC Accounts needs to be converted forthwith into rupees and in respect of future earnings, an exchange earner is eligible to retain only 50% 7 June 25, 2012 Limit for FII investment in G-secs increased by USD 5 Billion ECB availment for repayment of outstanding Rupee loans towards Capital expenditure The above measures are discussed in detail below: 1) ECB raised for rupee outlay should be brought in immediately The proceeds of the ECB raised abroad for Rupee expenditure in India, such as, local sourcing of capital goods, on-lending to Self-Help Groups...
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...I. DOMESTIC DEPOSITS 1. Whether banks can accept interest free deposits? Banks cannot accept interest free deposits other than in current account. 2. What rate of Interest is paid by banks on savings bank accounts? With effect from October 25, 2011, saving bank deposit interest rate stands deregulated. Accordingly, banks are free to determine their savings bank deposit interest rate, subject to the following two conditions: (a) First, each bank will have to offer a uniform interest rate on savings bank deposits up to Rs.1 lakh, irrespective of the amount in the account within this limit. (b) Second, for savings bank deposits over Rs.1 lakh, a bank may provide differential rates of interest, if it so chooses, subject to the condition that banks will not discriminate in the matter of interest paid on such deposits, between one deposit and another of similar amount, accepted on the same date, at any of its offices. Further, Banks may ensure that interest rate is applied, as stated above, on the end-of-day balances of all domestic savings deposits accounts and no discrimination is made at any of its offices. Prior approval of the Board / Asset Liability Management Committee (if powers are delegated by the Board) may be obtained by a bank while fixing interest rates on such deposits. 3. Whether banks can pay interest on savings bank accounts quarterly? Banks can pay interest on savings bank accounts at quarterly or longer rests. 4. How is the computation of interest on savings...
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...Capital Flows to Emerging Market Economies * Worsening Global Economic Outlook DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FINANCIAL CRISIS IN US/EUROPE AND INDIA * What has not happened in India : * No bank losses threatening capital * No bank credit crunch * No mistrust between banks * Our Problems : * Reduction in capital flows * Stock markets * Monetary and liquidity impact * Fiscal stress * Oil, Fertiliser, Food subsidies * Pay Commission, Debt waiver, NRE * GFD/GDP ratio: 5.5-6.0% * India’s Approach to Managing Financial Stability: * Current account: Full, but gradual opening up * Capital account and financial sector RBI’S POLICY, RESPONSE AND IMPACT * Expanding rupee liquidity * Reduction in CRR (400 bps) & SLR (100 bps) * Special Refinance to banks without collateral * Managing Forex liquidity * NRE and FCNR(B) deposits: interest rate ceilings raised *...
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...Table of Contents 1. The Need for Pricing 2. Pricing Software Industry Products 3. Licensing 4. Pricing Discrimination 5. Bundling 6. Other Pricing Issues 7. Summary The Need for Pricing Pricing has far reaching effects beyond the cost of the product. Pricing is just as much a positioning statement as a definition of the cost to buy. Price defines the entry threshold: who your buyers are and their sensitivities, which competitors you will encounter, who you will be negotiating with and what the customers’ expectations will be. Good pricing will remove the price issue from being an obstacle to a sale. Pricing is also used as a weapon to fight the competition as well as gray markets. Pricing is unique from other marketing decisions for several reasons: • Price is the only marketing element that produces revenue. All other marketing decisions produce costs. • Pricing is the most flexible marketing decision. • Pricing reflects a product's strengths and weaknesses. It implies value as well as positioning. • Pricing has the most immediate impact on the bottom line. In the high tech industry, a 1% increase in prices can lead to a 10% (or more) increase in profit. This is twice the effect that the same change in volume, fixed or variable costs have on profits. Pricing Software Industry Products When it comes to Pricing Software, “Economics 101” is not applicable. There are many reasons for this: 1. Supply and Demand curves are based on the assumption...
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...UNDP-GEF PROJECT CONCEPT PAPER |Project name: |GEF implementing agency: | | | | |Malaysia: Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) Technology |United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) | |Application Project Malaysia: Building Integrated Photovoltaic | | |Systems Project (BIPVS) | | |Country of countries in which the Project is being implemented: |Country eligibility: | |Malaysia | | | |Ratified the UNFCCC on 17 July 1994. | |GEF Focal Area (s): |Operational program/short-term measure: | | | | | ...
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...The essential facts/rules/regulations the NRIs must know NRI Guide 2012 2012 A Comprehensive Guide for Indians residing outside India Prakash Nair Prakash@yourownadviser.com www.yourownadviser.com . 1|Page NRI GUIDE (Ver 1.00) (A Comprehensive Guide for Indians residing outside India) Prepared by Prakash Nair Prakash@yourownadviser.com www.yourownadviser.com 2|Page NRI Guide 2012 www.yourownadviser.com PREFACE This NRI guide has been compiled with the help of information available in official website of various government departments like Reserve Bank of India, Income Tax Department, Government of Kerala and other reliable sources. I have taken adequate care to provide current and authentic information. This NRI Guide is intended to serve as a ready reference book to guide NRIs on various matters affecting their financial and other related subjects. This does not purport to be a legal document. So I am not sure that, any errors occurred while compiling this reference guide. In case of any variation between what has been stated in this NRI Guide and the relevant Act, Rules, Regulations, Policy Statements, Government Orders/Circulars etc., the latter shall prevail. Kindly note that, rules related to NRIs are subject to change. Errors and omissions are expected. Ver.2 of this NRI Guide will be published soon with more useful information. Prakash Nair Prakash @yourownadviser.com www.yourownadviser.com Date : 12-Jan-2012 Your suggestions,...
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...Explain the difference between Neoclassical Environmental Economics, Ecological Economics, and Natural Resource Economics. The three approaches originate from three different schools of thought. Broadly, Neoclassical Environmental Economics (NEE) is the opposite of the Ecological Economics (EE), and Natural Resource Economics (NRE) lies somewhere between them. Let’s begin with the opposing views. Field states, ‘Environmental Economics is the application of the principles of economics to the study of how environmental resources are managed. (Field & Field 2013:2). In gist, NEE is an Anthropospheric view of the environment through micro and macro-economic principles and sociopolitical influences that ignores the other spheres of life. The environment, is a subsystem of economics and has no intrinsic value. It is merely a factor of production, and only manufactured goods/services have an intrinsic value. EE, on the other hand, is a holistic approach, broader in scope, concerned with the supply and demand of energy and matter within the biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and atmosphere - where contrastingly, the Anthroposphere is the subsystem. EE claims that NEE is totally dependent on the environment and that residuals and pollution are disruptive to natural processes and diminishes the earth’s bio-capacity. Environmental Economics’ primary focus is to manage the environment to supply services and goods in exchange for money (MO 2015 quoting Tietenberg 2014:7) whereas...
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...perceived as one of the leader in CSR, more than 47% of French companies have an exemplary CSR management and system while only 40% in the OCDE and 15% in the BRICS. But France has a problem with the integration of ethical issues regarding risk management, recent conviction or rules policy. (Ecovadis, 2015). This good performance is linked to a good structured in their CSR approach that covers several aspects from the global key issues that has to be covered, but also through a good communication of the diverse actions and a constant innovation in the process to improve it. But this performance it’s also linked to the interest and the measures took by France in their legal framework As an active member of the UNGC, France has voted in 2001 the NRE that will regulated companies and implement CSR in their legal framework. From that we can see some pillars, which are: Human Rights, Governance, Labour, Environment and Anti-Corruption. But from legal...
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...Financing Residential property The country’s mortgage practices are based on promissory notes. In this case, real estate developers give a written promise to repay their loans and as a result, they receive funding from financial institutions. This is guided by the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 in its Section 4. Both domestic and foreign investors in India have the qualifications that they must meet in order to receive loans. In general terms, one is required to be over 21 years of age. For foreigners, they should not be over 60 years (Palande et al. 41). Other requirements depend on individual financial institutions. There are no specified mortgage rates. For instance, the rates depend on the financial institutions and the policies that they have in place. The rates for women, for instance, are lower than that of men. However, the rates range between 10 % and 11 %. The rates for foreign investors are also higher when compared to the domestic borrowers. Essentially, the primary market is concerned with raising fresh capital in form of debentures and shares. In India, this market is crucial as it accelerates economic and industrial development. Secondary market, on the other hand, refers to the market where the securities that were issued previously are bought and sold. This can only be achieved through stock exchange mediums. It creates liquidity in securities. India’s mortgage originators and investors are the loan providers who mostly involve themselves in the insurance...
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...Diesel Locomotives – Efficiency in Motion Since the early 1900’s, diesel technology in locomotives has changed the railroad industry. Although the diesels were slow to catch on, the diesel locomotive proved to be more powerful, safer, more efficient and have less maintenance than steam powered locomotives. Today, modern diesel electric locomotives have further stretched the benefits of diesel technology. Incredibly, freight trains have increased their fuel efficiency by 80 percent over the past 25 years and today's locomotives can move a ton of freight more than 400 miles on a single gallon of fuel. With all the benefits regarding diesels, there is another source of inefficiency in the railroad that is often overlooked, the rail yard and switching terminals. The rail yards and switching terminal are traditionally the biggest culprits of air pollution and fuel inefficiency, presenting the greatest opportunities for further improvement. The Belt Railway Company of Chicago (BRC) is the largest intermediate switching terminal railroad in the United States. The BRC has 28 miles of mainline with more than 300 miles of switching tracks, allowing it to interchange with every railroad serving the Chicago rail hub. The Belt's Clearing Yards span a 5.5 mile distance among 786 acres, supporting more than 250 miles of track. The Belt Railway currently dispatches on a service-driven basis more than 8,400 rail cars per day. At Clearing Yard, employees are able to classify between...
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