...Nuclear Medicine Radioactive tracers is the form of radiation they use within the human body when doing procedures such as CAT, MIBG, MRI, PET, and Gallium scans. Patients who undergo radioactive procedures are first given a small amount of radioisotope one of two ways oral or by injection. This radioisotope is pertinent to the procedure because it enhances the visualization on vascular structures and organs. The preparation is varies upon ordering physician however are relatively similar in protocol. For vascular patients it is recommended that the patient not have any caffeinated beverages 12 hours prior to the procedure and nothing to eat at least 4 hours before a procedure. Nuclear Vascular stress tests take approximately 3 hours to complete. All patients should wear comfortable lose fitting clothing and tennis shoes for comfort ability due to the nature of the testing which is done on a treadmill. The treadmill however, does not always provide enough information pertaining to the heart and hearts circulation. Nuclear stress tests then become the next phase which includes putting an IV into the arm and injecting a dose of radioisotope. The radiologist will then have you wait approximately 30 minutes and then take you down for pictures of your heart. After this is done the patient will begin walking on the treadmill and right before the procedure is over the radiologist will inject the patient again with radioisotope and then eat. After about a half...
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...Nuclear Medicine Argosy University Nuclear medicine is a specialized branch of modern medicine that exploits the process of radioactivity for imaging, diagnosis, and treatment. Many imaging techniques inject small amounts of radioactive material into the body, which are then tracked by a sensing device specific to the type of radiation emitted from that material. Radiation has also been used to destroy diseased tissue, typically beyond the reach of standard surgical techniques. Nuclear Medicine is the medical specialty that uses unsealed sources of radiation (liquids and gases) for diagnosis and therapy. These unsealed sources are known as radiopharmaceuticals, drugs that emit radiation. Depending on the type exam a patient needs, the radiotracer is injected into the body, swallowed or inhaled as a gas. It will then eventually accumulate in the organ or area of the body being examined. Radioactive emissions from the radiotracer are detected by a special camera or imaging device that produces pictures and provides molecular information. Another radioactive treatment that’s used is called radioactive iodine therapy. It offers therapeutic procedures that use small amounts of radioactive material to treat cancer and other medical conditions affecting the thyroid gland. How to prepare for a nuclear medicine exam varies because each study is different but otherwise, the patient is given a small amount of radioisotope, either orally or by injection, to enhance the visualization...
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...Running head: NUCLEAR MEDICINE 1 Concepts of Nuclear Medicine NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2 Concepts of Nuclear Medicine * What type of radiation is typically exploited in most nuclear medicine procedures? Nuclear Medicine is a specialty used to diagnose and treat diseases in a painless and safe manner, which uses a pharmaceutical (medicine) that’s attached to a small amount of radioactive material (a radioisotope). The procedures can often identify disease in an early stage, thus allowing for treatment to be started sooner. The most common of nuclear enhanced medical procedures involve the use of x-rays — a type of radiation that can pass through our skin. X-rays and other forms of radiation also have a variety of therapeutic uses. When used in this way, they’re intended to kill cancerous tissue, reduce the size of a tumor, or reduce pain ("Medicinal Radiocompounds). * How are patients prepared for nuclear medicine procedures? For a nuclear medicine exam, the patient is given a small amount of radioisotope, either orally or by injection, to enhance the visualization of selected organs or vascular structures. * What are the advantages and limitations of nuclear medicine? Advantages Nuclear medicine is a tool for physicians and scientists to diagnose several diseases. Nuclear Medicine is already being used as the most effective treatment for many cancerous diseases and conditions. X-rays used in nuclear medicine can scan the most sensitive...
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...Nuclear medicine is a branch of medical imaging that uses small amounts of radioactive material to diagnose and determine the severity of or treat a variety of diseases, including many types of cancers, heart disease, gastrointestinal, endocrine, neurological disorders and other abnormalities within the body. Nuclear medicine imaging procedures are usually painless medical tests that help physicians diagnose and evaluate medical conditions. These imaging scans use radioactive materials called radiotracers. This may sound dangerous, however it's not as bad as it seems! I believe that we should use nuclear medicine in the future because it is very beneficial and useful. I have researched this topic and gathered several facts that support...
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...Nuclear medicine has been around for a bit more than 50 years now. The purpose of it all is to look at the inside of one's body and see how the organs and such are working. Typically, people confuse nuclear medicine to include X-rays, but X-rays do not involve radioactive material. Overall, nuclear medicine is used for the prevention and curing of further issues of cancer, tumors, and organ defects. Without nuclear medicine, many would have the great chance of perishing under unsuspecting diseases like cancer. When talking of diagnosing someone by use of nuclear medicine, one would say that they are using radioisotopes, which are simply radioactive isotopes. Specifically, the process of using these radioisotopes in diagnosing includes injecting a small amount of radioactive...
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...SCI 115 M4 Assignment 2 Nuclear Medicine Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwaid.com/shop/sci-115-m4-assignment-2-nuclear-medicine/ Nuclear medicine is a specialized branch of modern medicine that exploits the process of radioactivity for imaging, diagnosis, and treatment. Many imaging techniques inject small amounts of radioactive material into the body, which are then tracked by a sensing device specific to the type of radiation emitted from that material. Radiation has also been used to destroy diseased tissue, typically beyond the reach of standard surgical techniques. Using the readings for this module, the Argosy University online library resources, and the Internet, write a paper on nuclear medicine. Address the following: • Explain the scientific and technical concepts related to nuclear medicine. Consider the following questions when you construct your response: o What type of radiation is typically exploited in most nuclear medicine procedures? o How are patients prepared for nuclear medicine procedures? o What are the advantages and limitations of nuclear medicine? o What ailments are typically diagnosed and treated via nuclear medicine procedures? • Evaluate a minimum of three applications of nuclear medicine relating to any of the following topics: o Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans o Gallium scans o Indium white blood cell scans o Iobenguane scans (MIBG) o Octreotide scans o Hybrid scanning techniques employing X-ray computed...
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...I believe that nuclear medicine harms life. The way nuclear medicine works by the patient receiving a radioactive material to take, and then, the doctors are able to study the organ system or look into deeper body parts for a short time through the energy form of gamma rays. Even though this method allows the doctors to examine the patient more closely than normal a normal X-Ray, there are more risk in dealing with nuclear items. 1) When using nuclear medicine, the patience will receive a certain amount of ionizing radiation depending on the type of nuclear medicine. Putting radiation in context, a thyroid scan gives a dose of 0.14 mSv, lung scan is 2 mSv, bone scan is 4.2 mSv, a CT scan is 8 mSv, and the worst is Cancer treatment, which gives...
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...Nuclear Medicine Tammy Angle Argosy University Dr. Demeis In our family we've had seven nurses, and one ER physician, including my Mom, who worked all of her years at the hospital, and then on island when we moved. I worked in several clinics including, neurology, urology, and then my specialty, pediatrics. I've ordered every kind of test imaginable, I've had them done myself due to my health problems, and I've also been with my Mom during several CT scans. She used to joke saying that she was going to be glowing from all of the radioactive medicine infused via I.V. Which is quite common with that test. Nuclear medicine, in my opinion, is a huge reason why people are living much longer today. These tests can be scary, especially for children, but they're necessary for a doctor to have a complete picture so that he or she can diagnose their patients accurately. Nuclear medicine is the application of radionuclide technique to diagnose and treat different types of human disease. It was first used in the investigation of thyroid disease in 1946 by utilizing radioactive iodine to cure the thyroid cancer. And, from there nuclear medicine has grown tremendously! Most doctors that were educated prior to nuclear medicine's debut do not understand how valuable radioisotropic procedures really are in diagnosing their patients. Radiologists must read the results of the nuclear medicine applications, so...
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...IQMS – At a Strategic Turning Point? IQ Medical Services (“IQMS”) A Live Case Prepared for Florida Intercollegiate Graduate/MBA Business Case Competition Laura Kozloski Steve Barnett Executive Summary IQ Medical Services (“IQMS”) is based in Miami, Florida, and was founded in 2007. It is an ISO 9001:2000 certified company that operates globally in collaboration with major healthcare corporations such as General Electric (“GE”) Healthcare. IQMS’ purpose has been to design, construct, and service best-in-class turnkey cyclotron facilities for healthcare systems and academic institutions worldwide; their vison – how they “see” they can accomplish this mission – has been to partner with cyclotron manufacturers such as GE and Siemens. Cyclotron facilities produce contrast media drugs known as FDGs (FluoroDeoxyGlucose) that are injected into patients to detect and diagnosis serious medical conditions. The most common usage is for PET studies, which are diagnostic procedures to determine the extent to which cancer may have spread within a patient’s body. IQMS has partnered with a variety of cyclotron equipment manufacturers accounting for 80% of the 65 projects IQMS has completed in over 30 countries worldwide since 2007. IQMS’ core expertise includes: PET/SPECT Radiopharmaceutical contrast media injection production Equipment selection, procurement and installation, start-Up and qualification with integrated multivendor warranty and service solutions FDA and equivalent regulatory...
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...IQMS – At a Strategic Turning Point? IQ Medical Services (“IQMS”) A Live Case Prepared for Florida Intercollegiate Graduate/MBA Business Case Competition Laura Kozloski Steve Barnett Executive Summary IQ Medical Services (“IQMS”) is based in Miami, Florida, and was founded in 2007. It is an ISO 9001:2000 certified company that operates globally in collaboration with major healthcare corporations such as General Electric (“GE”) Healthcare. IQMS’ purpose has been to design, construct, and service best-in-class turnkey cyclotron facilities for healthcare systems and academic institutions worldwide; their vison – how they “see” they can accomplish this mission – has been to partner with cyclotron manufacturers such as GE and Siemens. Cyclotron facilities produce contrast media drugs known as FDGs (FluoroDeoxyGlucose) that are injected into patients to detect and diagnosis serious medical conditions. The most common usage is for PET studies, which are diagnostic procedures to determine the extent to which cancer may have spread within a patient’s body. IQMS has partnered with a variety of cyclotron equipment manufacturers accounting for 80% of the 65 projects IQMS has completed in over 30 countries worldwide since 2007. IQMS’ core expertise includes: PET/SPECT Radiopharmaceutical contrast media injection production Equipment selection, procurement and installation, start-Up and qualification with integrated multivendor warranty and service solutions FDA and equivalent regulatory...
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...releasing radiation in the form of alpha, beta, and gamma rays. Some radioactive isotopes include: Carbon-11, Copper-64, Fluorine-18, and Oxygen-15. These isotopes have different properties and are used to detect and cure health issues through the use of radioactive pharmaceuticals such as PET scans and radiation therapy. PET scans, or Positron Emission Tomography scans, are used to determine what kind of diseases may reside in the body; this is done by introducing a positron- emitting radionuclide, which gathers in the target tissue. As this radionuclide decays it emits a positron, which combines with a nearby electron; this in turn results in the simultaneous emission of two identifiable gamma rays in opposite directions (Radioisotopes in Medicine, 2013). These gamma rays are then detected by the use of a PET camera. Some radioactive isotopes; such as Carbon-11, Nitrogen-13, Oxygen-15, Fluorine-18, and Copper-64, are used in PET scans as positron emitters. PET’s are used mostly in the field of oncology (the study of tumors and cancers) and most commonly use the isotope Fluorine-18 as the tracer. Fluorine-18 is most often used because of its half- life, which is approximately 110 minutes. This is certainly a lot longer than the half-lives of Carbon-11, Nitrogen-13, or Oxygen-15 which have half-lives of twenty, ten, and two minutes respectively. The long half-life of Fluorine-18, coupled with the fact that as it decays by emitting positrons with low positron energy and generates sharp...
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...Introduction Radiopharmaceuticals are formulations containing radioisotopes, which are use internally for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Radiopharmaceuticals have modernized the medical field by their ability to provide static as well as dynamic images of internal organs in a noninvasive manner as well as by offering efficacious therapy of certain diseases. Radioisotopes are extensively used in medicine for diagnosis, either in vivo or in vitro, for therapeutics and also for investigation purposes. Nuclear medicine (NM) studies in vivo are used to detect minimal amounts of radiopharmaceuticals in organs (the morphology) and their course over time (the function), resulting from physico-chemical interactions of the tracers within the body, in the sequence of specific physiological processes. In vitro applications of radioisotopes have become a most important tool in biochemical analysis. Therapeutic uses of radioisotopes cover from external gamma-ray sources in teleradiotherapy to direct cell irradiation in metabolic therapy. Radioisotopes can be use in medicine in four different ways. They are: 1. Radioactive tracers for diagnostic purposes 2. Radiation source in therapy 3. Research and 4. Sterilization The radioisotope therapy has been available to those disease conditions in which extensive cellular malfunction exists. Diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals are used to derive detailed description of the morphology and dynamic functioning of the various internal...
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...[2]. Hence, SPECT imaging is performed by using a device “gamma camera” which is given below; INSTRUMENTATION 1.3.1 Gamma Camera The gamma or scintillation camera is an imaging device that is mostly used in nuclear medicine imaging [3] and was developed by Hal Anger in 1958 to image Gamma radiations which are emitted by the body [4]. The schematic gamma camera is shown in figure 1.2 Figure 1.2: Shows the schematic diagram of Gamma camera. The gamma camera system performs two functions: the detection of single photons events and the measurement of its energy and position. [5] The gamma camera consists of several components which are Collimator scintillation crystal an array of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) a pulse height analyzer computer and picture archiving system....
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...Medical usage of Radiation in the Techniques: PET Scan and RAIU PET Scans are a common medical diagnostic tool used to see inside the body to look for diseases. It stands for positron emission tomography. This technique uses a tracer, which is radioactive. When the tracer is injected, it coats the paths it flows through, attaching itself to tissues and veins inside the person undergoing the scan. Because of the fact that it is injected into the bloodstream, which goes all over the body, it can be used to look into most tissues however generally not bone. Common PET scan uses are for looking at the brain, heart, lungs, and breast. Tracers are known to not have a long half-life, due to the fact that doctors do not want us to have prolonged exposure to radiation. One of the common tracers in positron emission tomography is Carbon-11. The radioactive change that Carbon-11 undergoes is: 611C→511B+e+ As with every medical procedure, there are risks and benefits. A main risk with PET scans is the fact that using a tracer, which is radioactive, will give the patient a dose of radiation that they would normally not come in contact with. This amount of radiation per PET scan is able equivalent to two X-rays. Some people should not undergo PET scans because their body may not be able to handle the radiation. An example of a person who should not undergo a PET scan is pregnant women, as radiation can cause harm to fetal development. RAIU, or radioactive iodine uptake test...
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...X-RAY IMAGING SYSTEM BRAIN SCAN: BONE SCAN: SOFT TISSUE SCAN: CONCLUSION: X-ray imaging system is better for bony structures as it does not get absorbed in the bones, and the area where it does not absorb is highlighted with a whitish color on the photographic film, whereas x-rays gets absorbed in soft tissues so we get a blurred image in film. CT SCANNER BRAIN SCAN: BONE SCAN: SOFT TISSUE SCAN: CONCLUSION: A computed tomography (CT) scan uses X-rays to make detailed pictures of structures inside of the body. While much information can be obtained from a standard X-ray, a lot of detail about internal organs and other structures is not available. In computed tomography, the X-ray beam moves in a circle around the body. GAMMA CAMERA BRAIN SCAN: BONE SCAN: SOFT TISSUE SCAN: CONCLUSION: A gamma camera, also called a scintillation camera or Anger camera, is a device used to image gamma radiation emitting radioisotopes, a technique known as scintigraphy. Gamma camera gives best results for organs having more fluids. SPECT Scanner BRAIN SCAN: BONE SCAN: SOFT TISSUE SCAN: CONCLUSION: It is a technique that provides images similar to those obtained. It produce a 3-dimensional image of the body part being examined. Gives best result for organs containing more water content. PET SCANNER BRAIN SCAN: BONE SCAN: SOFT TISSUE SCAN: CONCLUSION: It is a noninvasive, painless molecular imaging technology...
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