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Nucleophilic Reaction Lab Report

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The different reactions we learn in organic chemistry are not just limited to books. If you delve a little you will get to know these reactions happen in our common day to day life or it may be a part of the processes living organisms undergoes. Similarly, nucleophilic addition reaction helps in the biological synthesis of compounds in metabolic processes of living organisms. The reactions also form part of the pharmaceutical preparation processes in industries and academia. The reaction helps in the formation of new complex organic chemicals. Therefore, nucleophilic addition reactions are central to organic chemistry. Read through this topic to learn more about nucleophilic addition reaction.
Nucleophilic addition reactions
We will be able to convert multiple bonds into different functional groups with the help of addition reactions. The reaction will help to convert the unsaturated compounds to saturated and more functional species. In this topic, …show more content…
The carbonyl group in aldehydes or ketone contains lone pair which reacts with weak acids. Refer to the example below. The product formed in the reaction will show resonance. The resonance of the product will increase the positive charge on carbonyl carbon. This makes the carbon prone to a nucleophile attack thus favoring the reaction. However, the reaction is possible pH 4 to 5 only. Hence, the reaction is pH dependent.
The reason for a restricted pH is because if the pH is very low then the ammonia derivative will form their respective salts due to their basic nature and at the same time will lose their nucleophilic nature. If the pH is high then the carbonyl group will not be able to undergo sufficient protonation.
Few reactions with different derivatives of ammonia are given below
NH2OH (hydroxylamine)
NH2-NH2 (hydrazine)
C6H5NHNH2 (phenylhydrazine)
NH2CONH2

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