...Managerial Decision Making Phase 3 Discussion Board MGMT600-1501A-03 Null and Alternative Hypothesis Instructor: Professor Dr. Throop, R. February 2, 2015 Null and Alternative Hypothesis A senior executive at Company W is having an issue understanding the concept of null and alternative hypothesis in the snack food research. In this paper, I will make it understandable for him to be able to see how this hypothesis’s work. Though it may be a little cryptic, the concept of null and alternative hypothesis is not very difficult. A null hypothesis is the speculation of a declaration that researchers hope to try to nullify or disprove. The alternative hypothesis is what the researcher actually believes to be the truth about the declaration (M.U.S.E, 2015). A hypothesis involves two types of statements: the null and alternative hypothesis. Statistical implication starts by identifying that research questions can be stated in conditions of a choice between two clear and mutually options. The only reason that null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis are different is chance. Let me break this down so that it will be easier to understand. I will break it down in a formula based statement in regards to the sack food industry. Let us look at this: A researcher must present a statement that is able to be proved or disproved. Once the expectation is known, then a counter statement is provided, which also known as the “null” hypothesis. We can represent this by using the term “H0” which...
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...whether the hypothesis should be accepted or rejected” (Colorado Technical University Online, 2010a). Null Hypothesis – H0 “The null hypothesis is the statement being tested. Often, the null hypothesis is a statement of ‘no difference’ or ‘no effect.’ The null hypothesis is not rejected unless there is convincing sample evidence that it is false” (Bowerman, O’Connell, & Orris, 2012). Say for example that a two liter of Coca-Cola is $1.89 at your local grocery store and you like Coke, not Pepsi, can’t even imagine drinking it. If the price went up to $2.19 would you still purchase the product? If the answer is yes, then the null hypothesis is that raising the price of Coke would not adversely affect customer loyalty and brand purchase. We would then test this theory in Step 2. Alternative Hypothesis – H1 “The alternative, or research, hypothesis is a statement that will be accepted only if there is convincing sample evidence that it is true” (Bowerman, O’Connell, & Orris, 2012). Using the same example as above, but adding in a factor that you are on a tight budget, you decide not to purchase Coke or actually consider trying to learn to like drinking Pepsi. Then the alternative hypothesis is that raising the price of Coke will adversely affect customer loyalty and brand purchase. Errors: Type I and Type II “A Type I error is the error of rejecting the null hypothesis, H0, when it is in fact true. The probability of committing a Type I error is the risk level...
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...How Does Fitzgerald Show the Importance of Society in the Opening Chapters of The Great Gatsby? The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel penned by F. Scott Fitzgerald, who was an American novelist and short story writer. The tale of The Great Gatsby is set in a modified version of the Long Island and New York City area of the USA, with correlations to The Hamptons. Throughout the opening chapters of the novel, F. Scott Fitzgerald uses a vast amount of characters, motifs and themes to show the importance of society. These can vary massively but all appear to imply how corrupt society was in the 1920s. He also shows how the innate social standing of people defines and limits them for the rest of their lives. Fitzgerald portrays the 1920s as an era of decayed social and moral values, evidenced in the cynicism, greed, and empty pursuit of pleasure seen within nearly all of the characters. Capital is one of the main focuses of the novel, and it becomes apparent that throughout the tale, it defines not only their social standing, but the level of respect which they receive along with how they are interpreted by others in the novel. Fitzgerald begins the novel with an introduction from the narrator and one of the main protagonists, Nick Carraway. Carraway fought in the First World War, which we later find out he fought alongside Gatsby, giving them some form of common ground to base a ‘friendship’ upon. The novel initially begins with a poignant message from the father of Carraway; “When...
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...This purpose of this study is to answer the following question: Does one type of service (re-entry program) provide a greater level of success than another type? There are two hypotheses and null hypotheses. Hypothesis 1: Re-entry programs in the community are more beneficial than re-entry programs in prisons. Null Hypothesis: There is not a re-entry program that is more beneficial than the other program. Hypothesis 2: Job-training and placements are the most beneficial activities in re-entry programs. Null Hypothesis 2: Participating in all re-entry program activities are most beneficial to past offenders than job-training and placements. Variables There are five variables in this study that will be mentioned in the following sentences....
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...ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[ASP_Weekly_Lift_Report] @Voyage_Start Varchar(3) = Null, @Voyage_End Varchar(3) = Null, @Sales_Rep Varchar(25) = Null, @Service Varchar(4) = Null AS SET @Voyage_Start = IsNull(@Voyage_Start, '%') SET @Voyage_End = IsNull(@Voyage_End, '%') SET @Sales_Rep = IsNull(@Sales_Rep, '%') SET @Service = IsNull(@Service, '%') -- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from -- interfering with SELECT statements. SET NOCOUNT ON; -- Insert statements for procedure here SELECT dbo.tbl_Lift_Report_PayorList.[Rep Name], dbo.tbl_Lift_Report_PayorList.Parent, dbo.tbl_Lift_Report_PayorList.Business_Type, dbo.tbl_Lift_Report_PayorList.PayorID, dbo.tbl_Lift_Report_PayorList.Payor, dbo.tbl_Lift_Report_PayorList.[Payor Name - ID], dbo.tbl_Lift_Report_PayorList.[Booking Payor], dbo.tbl_Lift_Report_PayorList.ShipperID, dbo.tbl_Lift_Report_PayorList.Shipper, dbo.tbl_Lift_Report_PayorList.ConsigneeID, dbo.tbl_Lift_Report_PayorList.Consignee, dbo.tbl_Lift_Report_PayorList.[Service], dbo.tbl_Lift_Report_PayorList.[Svc Desc], dbo.tbl_Lift_Report_PayorList.Vessel, dbo.tbl_Lift_Report_PayorList.Voyage, dbo.tbl_Lift_Report_PayorList.[Voyage No], dbo.tbl_Lift_Report_PayorList.[Cargo Type], dbo.tbl_Lift_Report_PayorList.Booking, dbo.tbl_Lift_Report_PayorList.[Profit Year], dbo.tbl_Lift_Report_PayorList...
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...PK FK FK FK Allows Nulls MakeModel Cols ID Year MakeID ModelID Type Int Int(4) Int Int Key Type PK FK FK Allows Nulls Makes Cols ID Make Type Int Text Key Type PK Allows Nulls Models Cols ID Model Type Int Text Key Type PK Allows Nulls TruckMaintenanceHistroy Cols ID PerformedOn PerformedBy MaintenanceSheetID Type Int DateTime Int Int Key Type PK FK FK Allows Nulls TruckMaintenanceSheets Cols ID Status Type Int Int Key Type PK FK Allows Nulls TractorUnitPerformed EngineCompartmentPerformed CabinPerformed AirDamPerformed AirTanksPerformed FuleTanksPerformed WheelsPerformed BrakesPerformed AxelPerformed Bool Bool Bool Bool Bool Bool Bool Bool Bool Trailers Cols VIN TypeID LastMaintenanceID NextScheduledMaintenance Type Varchar(20) Int Int Int Key Type PK FK FK FK Allows Nulls Yes Yes TrailerTypes Cols ID Name TypeSpecID Type Int Text Int Key Type PK FK Allows Nulls TypeSpecs Cols ID Dimension_L Dimension_W Dimension_H LoadCapacity Weight Type Int Varchar(6) Varchar(6) Varchar(6) Varchar(6) Varchar(6) Key Type PK Allows Nulls TrailerMaintenanceHistroy Cols ID PerformedOn Type Int DateTime Key Type PK Allows Nulls PerformedBy MaintenanceSheetID Int Int FK FK TrailerMaintenanceSheets Cols ID Status FifthWheelCouplingPerformed CargoSpacePerformed LoadingDoorPerformed LandingGearPerformed WheelsPerformed BrakesPerformed AxelPerformed Type Int Int Bool Bool Bool Bool Bool Bool Bool Key Type PK FK Allows Nulls ScheduledMaintenance ...
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...Join in SQL SQL Join is used to fetch data from two or more tables, which is joined to appear as single set of data. SQL Join is used for combining column from two or more tables by using values common to both tables. JoinKeyword is used in SQL queries for joining two or more tables. Minimum required condition for joining table, is(n-1) where n, is number of tables. A table can also join to itself known as, Self Join. Types of Join The following are the types of JOIN that we can use in SQL. * Inner * Outer * Left * Right Cross JOIN or Cartesian Product This type of JOIN returns the cartesian product of rows from the tables in Join. It will return a table which consists of records which combines each row from the first table with each row of the second table. Cross JOIN Syntax is, SELECT column-name-list from table-name1 CROSS JOIN table-name2; Example of Cross JOIN The class table, ID | NAME | 1 | abhi | 2 | adam | 4 | alex | The class_info table, ID | Address | 1 | DELHI | 2 | MUMBAI | 3 | CHENNAI | Cross JOIN query will be, SELECT * from class, cross JOIN class_info; The result table will look like, ID | NAME | ID | Address | 1 | abhi | 1 | DELHI | 2 | adam | 1 | DELHI | 4 | alex | 1 | DELHI | 1 | abhi | 2 | MUMBAI | 2 | adam | 2 | MUMBAI | 4 | alex | 2 | MUMBAI | 1 | abhi | 3 | CHENNAI | ...
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...Table Name : Employee EMPLOYEE _ID FIRST_NA ME LAST_NA ME SALA RY JOINING_D ATE DEPARTME NT 1 John Abraham 1000000 01-JAN-13 12.00.00 AM Banking 2 Michael Clarke 800000 01-JAN-13 12.00.00 AM Insurance 3 Roy Thomas 700000 01-FEB-13 12.00.00 AM Banking 4 Tom Jose 600000 01-FEB-13 12.00.00 AM Insurance 5 Jerry Pinto 650000 01-FEB-13 12.00.00 AM Insurance 6 Philip Mathew 750000 01-JAN-13 12.00.00 AM Services 7 TestName1 123 650000 01-JAN-13 12.00.00 AM Services 8 TestName2 Lname% 600000 01-FEB-13 12.00.00 AM Insurance Table Name : Incentives EMPLOYEE_REF_ID INCENTIVE_DATE INCENTIVE_AMOUNT 1 01-FEB-13 5000 2 01-FEB-13 3000 3 01-FEB-13 4000 1 01-JAN-13 4500 2 01-JAN-13 3500 SQL Queries Interview Questions and Answers on "SQL Select" 1. Get all employee details from the employee table Select * from employee 2. Get First_Name,Last_Name from employee table Select first_name, Last_Name from employee 3. Get First_Name from employee table using alias name “Employee Name” Select first_name Employee Name from employee 4. Get First_Name from employee table in upper case Select upper(FIRST_NAME) from EMPLOYEE 5. Get First_Name from employee table in lower case Select lower(FIRST_NAME) from EMPLOYEE 6. Get unique DEPARTMENT from employee table select...
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...the Join 1. List all customers by ID and name along with all the ORDID’s for the orders that those customers have made. Answer: SELECT CUSTOMER.CUSTOMER_ID, CUSTOMER.NAME, ITEM.ORDER_ID FROM CUSTOMER INNER JOIN ITEM ON CUSTOMER.CUSTOMER_ID = ITEM.ORDER_ID 2. For each product, list the PRODID, description, standard price and start date. Answer: SELECT PRODUCT.PRODUCT_ID, PRODUCT.DESCRIPTION, PRICE.LIST_PRICE, PRICE.START_DATE FROM PRODUCT INNER JOIN PRICE ON PRODUCT.PRODUCT_ID = PRICE.PRODUCT_ID; 3. For each product, list the PRODID, description, standard price and start date for current prices only. Hint: the end date will be NULL. Answer: SELECT PRODUCT.PRODUCT_ID, PRODUCT.DESCRIPTION, PRICE.LIST_PRICE, PRICE.START_DATE, PRICE.END_DATE FROM PRODUCT INNER JOIN PRICE ON PRODUCT.PRODUCT_ID = PRICE.PRODUCT_ID WHERE (((PRICE.END_DATE)=Null)); 4. For each item sold, list the ORDID, ITEMID, PRODID and description. Answer: SELECT ITEM.ORDER_ID, ITEM.ITEM_ID, PRODUCT.PRODUCT_ID, PRODUCT.DESCRIPTION FROM PRODUCT INNER JOIN ITEM ON PRODUCT.PRODUCT_ID = ITEM.PRODUCT_ID; 5. The Marketing department wants to know which customers are buying which products. List each customer (CUSTID and name) and the products purchased by that customer (PRODID and description). Products purchased by a given customer should be listed only once. SELECT CUSTOMER.CUSTOMER_ID, CUSTOMER.NAME, PRODUCT.PRODUCT_ID, PRODUCT.DESCRIPTION FROM CUSTOMER INNER JOIN PRODUCT ON CUSTOMER.CUSTOMER_ID...
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...for which no corresponding match is found in the other table. There are three types of outer joins: * Left Outer Join (or Left Join) * Right Outer Join (or Right Join) * Full Outer Join (or Full Join) Each of these outer joins refers to the part of the data that is being compared, combined, and returned. Sometimes nulls will be produced in this process as some data is shared while other data is not. Left Outer Join A left outer join will return all the data in Table 1 and all the shared data (so, the inner part of the Venn diagram example), but only corresponding data from Table 2, which is the right join. Right Outer Join A right outer join returns Table 2's data and all the shared data, but only corresponding data from Table 1, which is the left join. Full Outer Join A full outer join, or full join, which is not supported by the popular MySQL database management system, combines and returns all data from two or more tables, regardless of whether there is shared information. Think of a full join as simply duplicating all the specified information, but in one table, rather than multiple tables. Where matching data is missing, nulls will be produced. These are just the basics, but many things can be done with joins. There are even joins that can exclude other...
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...you code a USING clause in addition to the ON clause C) it can be used with inner or outer joins D) the join must be an equijoin, meaning the equals operator is used to compare the two columns Points Earned: 0.0/2.0 Correct Answer(s): B Correct 2. When you code a SELECT statement, you must code the four main clauses in the following order A) SELECT, FROM, ORDER BY, WHERE B) SELECT, ORDER BY, FROM, WHERE C) SELECT, WHERE, ORDER BY, FROM D) SELECT, FROM, WHERE, ORDER BY Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Correct Answer(s): D Correct 3. When coded in a WHERE clause, which search condition will return invoices when payment_date isn’t null and invoice_total is greater than or equal to $500? A) payment_date IS NULL AND invoice_total > 500 B) payment_date IS NOT NULL OR invoice_total >= 500 C) NOT (payment_date IS NULL AND invoice_total = 500 Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Correct Answer(s): D Correct 4. The order of precedence for the logical operators in a WHERE clause is A) Not, And, Or B) And, Or, Not C) Or, And, Not D) Not, Or, And Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Correct Answer(s): A Correct 5. Which of the following types of SQL statements is not a DML statement? A) INSERT B) UPDATE C) SELECT D) CREATE TABLE Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Correct Answer(s): D Incorrect 6. Which of the following is not a common error when entering and executing SQL statements? A) Misspelling a keyword B) Misspelling the name of a table C) Selecting the...
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...SELECT column_list FROM table-name [WHERE Clause] [GROUP BY clause] [HAVING clause] [ORDER BY clause]; SELECT name, salary, salary*1.2 AS new_salary FROM employee WHERE new_salary /salary*1.2 > 30000; SELECT first_name, last_name, subject FROM student_details WHERE subject IN/NOT IN ('Maths', 'Science'); Select * from product p where EXISTS (select * from order_items o where o.product_id = p.product_id) ------------------------------------------------- SELECT user.name, course.name ------------------------------------------------- FROM `user` ------------------------------------------------- RIGHT JOIN `course` on user.course = course.id SELECT name, salary FROM employee ORDER BY 1, 2; ELECT name, salary FROM employee ORDER BY name DESC, salary DESC; SELECT COUNT (DISTINCT name) FROM employee; HAVING Group functions (MAX,MIN) cannot be used in WHERE Clause but can be used in HAVING clause. SELECT dept, SUM (salary) FROM employee GROUP BY dept HAVING SUM (salary) > 25000 INSERT INTO TABLE_NAME [ (col1, col2, col3,...colN)] VALUES (value1, value2, value3,...valueN); INSERT INTO employee (id, name, dept, age, salary location) SELECT emp_id, emp_name, dept, age, salary, location FROM temp_employee; Copy data from A to B. Select first then insert If you are inserting data to all the columns, the above insert statement can also be written as, INSERT INTO employee SELECT...
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...www.IrPDF.com آﻣﻮزش ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي ﺟﺎوااﺳﮑﺮﯾﭙﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم ﺧﺪا ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه : اﺣﻤﺪ ﺑﺎدﭘﯽ آﻣﻮزش ) JAVASCRIPTﻻﯾﻪ ﺳﻮم از ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ وب( ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ از ﮐﺘﺎب : Professional JavaScript for Web Developers By : Nicholas C.Zakas آﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ javascript ﮐﺎر ﺑﺎ آراﯾﻪ ﻫﺎ و رﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ آﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ اﻧﻮاع اﺷﯿﺎء ، ﻣﺘﺪﻫﺎ و ﺧﻮاﺻﺸﺎن آﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪل ﺷﯽ ﮔﺮاي ﻣﺮورﮔﺮ )(BOM آﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪل ﺷﯽ ﮔﺮاي ﺳﻨﺪ )(DOM ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و روش ﮐﻨﺘﺮل روﯾﺪاد ﻫﺎ در ﺟﺎوااﺳﮑﺮﯾﭙﺖ آﻣﻮزش ﮐﺎر ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮم ﻫﺎ و ﺟﺪاول از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺟﺎوااﺳﮑﺮﯾﭙﺖ اراﺋﻪ اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺜﺎل ﻫﺎ و ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮐﺪ ﻫﺎ و ... ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه : اﺣﻤﺪ ﺑﺎدﭘﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﭘﯿﺎم ﻧﻮر ﻣﺮﮐﺰ آران و ﺑﯿﺪﮔﻞ اﻧﺘﻘﺎدات و ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدات ﺧﻮد را از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﯾﻤﯿﻞ زﯾﺮ ﻣﻄﺮح ﻧﻤﺎﯾﯿﺪ : ahmadbadpey@gmail.com ١ www.IrPDF.com www.IrPDF.com ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه : اﺣﻤﺪ ﺑﺎدﭘﯽ آﻣﻮزش ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي ﺟﺎوااﺳﮑﺮﯾﭙﺖ اﻧﻮاع زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﯽ ﺗﺤﺖ وب ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮر ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ داﻧﯿﺪ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺷﺒﮑﻪ اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ را ﺑﻪ دو دﺳﺘﻪ اﺻﻠﯽ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ . ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮ ) (clientو ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺮور ) . (serverزﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﯽ ﺗﺤﺖ وب ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ دو دﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮ ) (Client Sideو ﺗﺤﺖ ﺳﺮور ) (server sideﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ . زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﺖ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﻣﺮورﮔﺮ و ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮ روي clientﻫﺎ اﺟﺮا ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ . در واﻗﻊ ﺑﺮاي اﺟﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮور ﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺎزي ﻧﯿﺴﺖ . زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن HTML , CSS , JAVASCRIPTاز اﯾﻦ دﺳﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ . از اﯾﻦ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮاي اﯾﺠﺎد ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﮐﻪ اﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ ﺑﻪ آن ﻫﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﻫﺎي ) staticاﯾﺴﺘﺎ( ﻣﯽ ﮔﻮﯾﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد...
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...transaction coz, trf at the backend runs the C++ compiler.whenever we use trf, it ginaa call all the C++ operators at the backend even though we do not use it. But if we want to hande more than 1 function then we should use trf instead of using multiple stage Order of execution in trf Stage variableloopconstraint and derivation constraint is on table and derivation is field level(specific col) Legacy null processing---it means tryimg to revert back to th previous versions.chossing the previous version null handlingprevious version of null handling is ----befor 8.5, the design of job should explicitly handle null value when any col is used for derivation whereas in 8.5 it is handled automatically. For eg: in previous version of 8.5, if we have to derive a col by Sal +100 --if sal contains a value, then it ll add 100 to the value and give it to the result, but if sal is null,then it ll reject the rec if reject link is provided or it will drop the record. To avoid this, we will have to write some condition to handl the nulls in the sal col. In 8.5 version, If the sal is null then also it will pass record to the output. we need not...
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...Write the following queries in SQL: Display a list of all instructors, showing their ID, name, and the number of sections that they have taught. Make sure to show the number of sections as 0 for instructors who have not taught any section. Your query should use an outer join, and should not use scalar subqueries. By using the university schema provided by db-book.com the following queries were done on the university database. The first query uses an outer join which works similar to the join operation but it keeps the rows that don’t match between the two tables that would be lost in a join operation. There are three forms of outer join: a) Left outer join displays the results from the left table even if the condition does not find any matching record in the right table. b) Right outer join will displays the results from the right table regardless if there is matching data in the left table. c) Full outer join will retain all rows from both tables, regardless if the data matches or not. The group by clause when used in a select statement collects data from multiple records and groups the results into one or more columns. The below is the query using left outer join operation: select ID, name, count(sec_id) as Number_of_sections from instructor natural left outer join teaches group by ID, name; The next query was written by using a scalar subquery without using an outer join operation. A scalar subquery is where the output of a subquery returns only...
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