Free Essay

Nur 211 Culture Paper

In:

Submitted By modogg8908
Words 2154
Pages 9
“The Irish of America”

ID: 0232713
NUR 211 Days
April 2012

Irish 1

A. SG, is a beautiful 26 year old female born to a loving family with parents whom have

been supporting her since birth. Tragically at birth, SG was deprived of oxygen during a

difficult labor in which she suffered great brain anoxia, resulting in cerebral palsy. Due to her

diagnosis, cerebral palsy has left SG with very little to hardly any muscle tone, movement and

motor skills. From newborn to 21 years of age, SG’s parents provided all services of care

through their home and acquired special schooling through their hometown. As with SG’s

heritage background, the Irish when struck with a crisis involving disability are always

compassionate. Especially, when family is involved, they are willing to care for a disabled

person at home as did SG’s parents. Lipson and Dibble states that, “The Irish also view illness

and disability as human fate which involves suffering, bearing the natural consequence of living

and of God’s will.” (p. 286) Although today many Irish view disability and illness as a result of

natural causes. As Americans, Nicole Webster (2010) expresses, “The trend is that American

society is a culture that is less than accepting of disabilities, and thus the lifestyles of those with

disabilities are less than equal compared with those without disabilities. This inequality could be

much improved with the education of “normal” people through disability studies and the practice

of empathizing. Everybody has their obstacles; some are just more visible or more challenging

than others. Americans must look deeper than that which appears on first impression to

understand that people are just people.” (p. 6)

B. Being under the care of her parents and skilled nursing services her entire life, SG hasn’t
Been able to live the dream of an American, which involves friendships, relationships, marriage,

raising a family, and excelling in a career. From 21 until now, SG has been residing in NEPC,

because her parents became stressed and couldn’t provide everything for their daughter. As a

result, long term care became the ultimate decision.

SG, the client, is Irish-American or of Irish descent. Immigration began predominately in

the 1700’s when the Scots Irish began seeking opportunities in the New World. The next group

of settlers were Catholics from Southern Ireland, who immigrated as a result of the Great

Potato Famine of the 1840’s. Overall, there continued to be a steady stream of immigrants from

1846-1985. Irish-Americans continue to populate mostly California, New York, Pennsylvania,

Florida and Illinois.

Protestant and Catholic are the two most common spiritual affiliations amongst the Irish.

Individuals attend the Protestant and Catholic churches and practice Celtic Paganism as sources

of comfort and strength. Prayer is considered a time of quiet and privacy. Catholics attend daily

masses and may wear rosary beads. Although clergy hadn’t been present, inside SG’s bureau

was a beautiful set of rosary beads. In regards to spiritual healers, they’re mostly associated

with the Catholics, where priests perform rituals with oils, prayers and blessings. Finally, the

two most important holidays related to SG’s ancestry are Christmas and Easter; the celebration

Christ.

Economically, SG is acquiring her care at New England Pediatric Center (NEPC) by the

funding of Medicare. Medicare is a federal government program that gives health coverage to

individuals 65 or older or in SG’s case, who have a disability. Medicare contains four different

parts. (A,B,C,D) SG has part A, which covers long term needs such as skilled nursing services,

physical, occupational and speech therapies, meals, medications, dietary counseling, medical Irish 2 equipment and supplies, medical social services, a room and ambulance transportation.

Socially, SG smiles when greeted by her first name. A trait commonly found in young adult

Irish-Americans; friendly and informal. The Irish tend to communicate indirectly and speak in

euphemisms and metaphors. Meaning, they tend to talk around a subject and avoid saying

anything at all. Emotions are concealed and true feelings are hard to interpret; which made

caring for SG a real challenge.

C.

Four functional health patterns which apply to SG are Health perception, Nutrition,

Elimination, and Sleep.

Health perception involves perceived health status, perceived health management and

healthcare behaviors such as health promotion, illness prevention activities, medical treatments

follow up care. SG has little to no perception of her health. She is dependent on nursing staff to

Irish 5

provide all care. The Irish’s concept of health is having the ability to function independently

and with great privacy. Men are more often than women, slow to seek assistance for health

problems, but both genders will follow doctor’s recommendations. Same goes for screening,

women attend regular screening whereas men will only follow through if recommended by a

physician.

Nutrition involves daily consumption of food and fluids, favorite foods, use of dietary

supplements, skin lesions and ability to heal, condition of the integument and weight, height

and temperature. SG is G tube dependent for nutrition and hydration. Nutren 1.0 240 ml/60ml

per hour via tube. Usual meal pattern of the Irish, may be coffee or tea and oats for breakfast, a

midday meal, and an evening meal. Meals are traditionally a family occasion, foods such as

bread is served with most meals. The typical entrée consists of meat and potatoes such as a pot

pie or shepherd’s pie. Fluids vary anywhere from tea and coffee to a dark beer or whiskey.

Elimination involves patterns of bowel and urinary excretion, perceived regularity or

irregularity of elimination, use of laxatives or routines, changes in time modes and quality and

quantity of excretions. SG is incontinent of both urine and stool. She is unable to acknowledge

when she’s wet or soiled. When incontinent, urine is clear and yellow no strange odors. Stools

are usually medium to large, light brown, soft and loose. When toileting the Irish expect great

privacy. Like pain, constipation or diarrhea is usually unreported and a private matter.

Individuals may feel embarrassed about constipation or diarrhea and may explain their

Irish 6

symptoms vaguely.

Sleep involves patterns of sleep, perceptions of quality and quantity of sleep and use of sleep

aides. SG sleeps through the night with continuous O2 monitoring in a dorsal recumbent

position along with numerous pillows. She wears leg braces for her bowlegged condition to

keep the extremities from producing skin to skin contact. In the morning SG is often difficult to

arouse. Independently, the Irish decide their own sleeping patterns, they often don’t ask for

aides or assistance because they don’t want to be a burden on caregivers.

D. 1. Situational low self-esteem related to loss of health status, body part, independent

functioning, and sense of control.

2. Risk for imbalanced nutrition less than body requirements related to increased metabolic

demands.

3. Risk for impaired skin integrity r/t excessive exposure to moisture, chemical irritants and

reduced blood flow to tissue resulting from prolonged pressure.

4. Risk for disturbed sleep pattern as evidenced by environmental changes, noise and facility

routines.

E. 1. Client will demonstrate an accurate and nonjudgmental account of three positive qualities

as well as identify two areas that she wishes to improve by December 31, 2012. (Long Term)

Client will identify one or two strengths by March 18, 2012 at 1400. (Short Term)

Irish 7

2. Client will gain 2 pounds per week for the next 3 weeks. (Short Term)

Client will exhibit no signs or symptoms of malnutrition by time of discharge from treatment

(e.g., electrolytes and blood counts will be within normal limits; a steady weight gain will be

demonstrated; constipation will be corrected; client will exhibit increased energy in participation

in activities). (Long Term)

3. Client will maintain adequate nutritional status throughout stay at facility as evidenced by

Nutritional labs (albumin, total protein, H&H, Na, K, Ca, Mg) within normal limits, no changes

From baseline skin turgor, no weight loss on a daily basis. (Short term)

Client's skin will remain intact throughout duration of residency as evidenced by absence of

reddened/ blanched areas, no disruption of skin surface. (Long term)

4. After eight hours of nursing interventions the client will achieve optimal amount of sleep as

evidenced by rested appearance. (Short term)

Within a week’s time, the client will achieve maximum quantity of sleep as manifested by rested

appearance, articulation of feeling rested and enhancement in sleep pattern

F. 1. A. Identify basic sense of self-esteem and image client has of existential, physical,

psychological self. Identify locus of control.

R: May provide insight into whether this is a single episode or recurrent or chronic situation and

can help determine needs and treatment plan. Determining whether the individual’s locus of

control is internal or external facilitates choosing most effective interventions.

B. Provide nonthreatening environment; listen and accept client as presented.

R: Promotes feelings of safety, encouraging communication.

C. Observe nonverbal communication including body posture and movements, eye contact, Irish 8

gestures, and use of touch.

R: Nonverbal language is a large portion of communication and therefore is extremely important.

how the person uses touch provides information about how it is accepted and how comfortable

the individual is with being touched.

D. Observe and describe behavior in objective terms.

R: All behavior has meaning, some of which is obvious and some of which needs to be

identified. This is a process of educated guesswork and requires validation by the client.

2. A. Determine child’s current nutritional status using age-appropriate measurements, including

weight and body build, strength, activity level, and sleep and rest cycles.

R: Identifies individual nutritional needs and provides comparative baseline.

B. Auscultate bowel sounds. Note characteristics of stool, including color, amount and frequency

of bowel movements.

R: Provides information about digestion and bowel function and may affect choice and timing of

feeding.

C. Determine psychological factors and cultural or religious desires or influences on dietary

choices.

R: Dietary beliefs, such as vegetarianism, can affect nutritional intake. Usual ethnic food choices

Can improve a child’s intake when appetite is poor.

D. Establish a nutritional plan that meets individual needs incorporating specific food restrictions

and special dietary needs.

R: Corrects or controls underlying causative factors, such as with GERD and malabsorption

disorders.

Irish 9

3. A. Inspect skin for changes in color, turgor, and vascularity. Note redness and excoriation.

Observe for ecchymosis and purpura.

R: Indicates areas of poor circulation and early breakdown that may lead to decubitus formation

and infection.

B. Monitor fluid intake and hydration of skin and mucous membranes.

R: Detects presence of dehydration or overhydration that affects circulation and tissue integrity

at the cellular level.

C. Provide soothing skin care, restrict use of soaps, and apply ointments or creams such as

lanolin or Aquaphor.

R: Baking soda and cornstarch baths decrease itching and are less drying than soaps. Lotions and

ointments may be desired to relieve dry, cracked skin.

D. Change position frequently, move client carefully, pad bony prominences with sheepskin, and

use elbow and heel protectors.

R: Decreases pressure on edematous, poorly perfused tissues to reduce ischemia.

4. A. Ascertain usual sleep habits and changes that are occurring.

R: Determines need for action and helps identify appropriate interventions.

B. Provide comfortable bedding and some of own possessions, such as a pillow or an afghan.

R: Increases comfort for sleep; provides physiological and psychological support.

C. Promote bedtime comfort regimens such as a warm bath, massage, a glass of warm milk at

bedtime.

R: Promotes a relaxing, soothing effect. Helps induce sleep.

D. Avoid or limit interventions such as awakening for medications or therapies.

Irish 10

R: Uninterrupted sleep is more restful, and client may be unable to return to sleep when

weakened.

G. 1. Evaluation set for December 31, 2012 at 1400. Client has made some progress toward goal; on March 18, 2012 she was able to identify two strengths and did not reject positive self feedback. Goal met. As of March 18, 2012 at 1400 client was able to identify two strengths: being a good listener and having good communication skills, through nonverbal communication.

2. Goal met, client’s weight increased or stabilized within the 3 week timeframe.

Goal not met. Client still involved in long term care. Nurse will continue to teach parents

nutritional principles, requirements, feeding techniques and special needs.

3. Goal met. Client’s skin has no signs of worsening or advanced impairment. Client’s skin

integrity has not been further compromised. Daily labs WNL.

Goal not met. Continue interventions as listed. Reposition the client at least once every

two hours. Continue to keep the client’s skin clean and dry. Continue to monitor the skin for any

signs of change or breakdown.

4. Goal met. After eight hours of nursing interventions, the client was able to sleep without being

easily awakened and participated more in daily activities due to being well rested.

Goal not met. Continue with comfort interventions, if not working contact physician for sleep

aides.

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Customer Satisfaction

...Transforming Lives Communities The Nation …One Student at a Time Disclaimer Academic programmes, requirements, courses, tuition, and fee schedules listed in this catalogue are subject to change at any time at the discretion of the Management and Board of Trustees of the College of Science, Technology and Applied Arts of Trinidad and Tobago (COSTAATT). The COSTAATT Catalogue is the authoritative source for information on the College’s policies, programmes and services. Programme information in this catalogue is effective from September 2010. Students who commenced studies at the College prior to this date, are to be guided by programme requirements as stipulated by the relevant department. Updates on the schedule of classes and changes in academic policies, degree requirements, fees, new course offerings, and other information will be issued by the Office of the Registrar. Students are advised to consult with their departmental academic advisors at least once per semester, regarding their course of study. The policies, rules and regulations of the College are informed by the laws of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. iii Table of Contents PG 9 PG 9 PG 10 PG 11 PG 11 PG 12 PG 12 PG 13 PG 14 PG 14 PG 14 PG 14 PG 15 PG 17 PG 18 PG 20 PG 20 PG 20 PG 21 PG 22 PG 22 PG 22 PG 23 PG 23 PG 23 PG 23 PG 24 PG 24 PG 24 PG 24 PG 25 PG 25 PG 25 PG 26 PG 26 PG 26 PG 26 PG 26 PG 26 PG 27 PG 27 PG 27 PG 27 PG 27 PG 27 PG 28 PG 28 PG 28 PG 28 PG 28 PG 33 PG 37 Vision Mission President’s...

Words: 108220 - Pages: 433

Free Essay

Changing Our Lives

...College Credit Through Advanced Standing Produced by the Office of Academic Services This manual is accurate as of the date of publication. As new information becomes available, it will be posted to the online version, available through the Academic Services web site, www.nvcc.edu/aboutnova/directories--offices/administrative-offices/academic/index.html. Revised June 2012 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 3 PURPOSE .................................................................................................................................3 TYPES OF ADVANCED STANDING ...................................................................................................3 GENERAL PROCEDURES ...............................................................................................................4 EVALUATION RESPONSIBILITIES .....................................................................................................5 SECTION 1—CREDITS FROM POST-SECONDARY INSTITUTIONS ........................................ 7 GENERAL CONDITIONS ................................................................................................................7 GENERAL EDUCATION TRANSFER CREDIT FOR STUDENTS WITH PREVIOUS DEGREES ..................................9 EVALUATION OF INTERNATIONAL TRANSCRIPTS .....................................................................

Words: 11912 - Pages: 48

Premium Essay

Amazon Distribution Channel

...Resources, Conservation and Recycling 36 (2002) 211 Á/240 www.elsevier.com/locate/resconrec Shipping news: the implications of electronic commerce for logistics and freight transport Markus Hesse * Department of Earth Sciences, Geographic Sciences and Urban Research, Free University of Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany Accepted 24 June 2002 Abstract The paper considers the significance of electronic commerce (e-commerce) for freight transport, logistics and physical distribution, regarding both business to business and business to consumer commerce. The possible implications of e-commerce are analysed in the broader context of structural change, going beyond narrow assessments that overstate the significance of e-commerce and its potential to make freight traffic more efficient. The main argument of the paper is threefold: first, most recent analyses of freight transport and logistics implications of e-commerce are overstating the current relevance of e-commerce applications on the one hand, and neglecting the influence of the underlying structural change in the entire logistics system on the other. Second, conventional analyses of certain efficiency benefits of ecommerce are probably too optimistic, whereas its negative effects are underestimated at the same time. E-commerce is likely to support longer transport distances and often higher delivery frequencies, increasing demand for land, due to the establishment of new transhipment points (distribution...

Words: 14030 - Pages: 57

Premium Essay

Learning Outcome 1

...How do new technologies impact on workforce organisation? Rapid review of international evidence Report developed by The Evidence Centre for Skills for Health Contents Key Themes ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 3 How are teams being organised?.......................................................................................................... 7 Substituting grades and roles ............................................................................................................................... 7 Reducing staff or team size .................................................................................................................................. 8 Empowering patients............................................................................................................................................. 9 Changing the place of care ................................................................................................................................. 10 Working across organisations ............................................................................................................................. 10 Working across regional areas .........................

Words: 19005 - Pages: 77

Premium Essay

Five Myths of the Chinese Health Care System

...The Health Care Manager Volume 27, Number 2, pp. 147–158 Copyright # 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Five Myths of the Chinese Health Care System D. Rob Haley, PhD; Mei Zhao, PhD; JoAnn M. Nolin, JD; Kerry Dunning, MHA; Sun Qiang, PhD As China continues its moves from a socialist ideology to a market economy, the impact of its presence is being felt globally. This is especially true with China’s health care system and the challenges that it is experiencing with its 1.3 billion population. The erosion of China’s socialist ideology was accompanied by an erosion of the government’s subsidy of health services, placing the major responsibilities of providing health care services on regional governments. Unfortunately, the impact of these policies on China’s health care system is not commonly understood, resulting in confusion and propagation of myths. For example, many believe that the Chinese government provides free health care for all citizens, and the population has not accepted Western medicine and relies primarily on traditional Chinese medicine. In addition, it is believed that there is no shortage of nurses, as the majority of care is provided at home. Finally, it is commonly believed that China’s health care issues are different from those of the United States. Exploration of these myths provides us with a better understanding and an improved ability to engage with this emerging economic global leader. Key words: China, Complimentary...

Words: 8043 - Pages: 33

Premium Essay

Form

...OFFICIAL CATALOG This Catalog contains information, policies, procedures, regulations and requirements that were correct at the time of publication and are subject to the terms and conditions of the Enrollment Agreement entered into between the Student and ECPI University. In keeping with the educational mission of the University, the information, policies, procedures, regulations and requirements contained herein are continually being reviewed, changed and updated. Consequently, this document cannot be considered binding. Students are responsible for keeping informed of official policies and meeting all relevant requirements. When required changes to the Catalog occur, they will be communicated through catalog inserts and other means until a revised edition of the Catalog is published. The policies in this Catalog have been approved under the authority of the ECPI University Board of Trustees and, therefore, constitute official University policy. Students should become familiar with the policies in this Catalog. These policies outline both student rights and student responsibilities. The University reserves the right and authority at any time to alter any or all of the statements contained herein, to modify the requirements for admission and graduation, to change or discontinue programs of study, to amend any regulation or policy affecting the student body, to increase tuition and fees, to deny admission, to revoke an offer of admission and to dismiss from the...

Words: 149595 - Pages: 599

Premium Essay

Cataolog

...ork2012 - 2013 Catalog A Message from the President “Sullivan University is truly a unique and student success focused institution.” I have shared that statement with numerous groups and it simply summarizes my basic philosophy of what Sullivan is all about. When I say that Sullivan is “student success focused,” I feel as President that I owe a definition of this statement to all who are considering Sullivan University. First, Sullivan is unique among institutions of higher education with its innovative, career-first curriculum. You can earn a career diploma or certificate in a year or less and then accept employment while still being able to complete your associate, bachelor’s, master’s or doctoral degree by attending during the day, evenings, weekends, or online. Business and industry do not expand or hire new employees only in May or June each year. Yet most institutions of higher education operate on a nine-month school year with almost everyone graduating in May. We remained focused on your success and education, and continue to offer our students the opportunity to begin classes or to graduate four times a year with our flexible, year-round full-time schedule of classes. If you really want to attend a school where your needs (your real needs) come first, consider Sullivan University. I believe we can help you exceed your expectations. Since words cannot fully describe the atmosphere at Sullivan University, please accept my personal invitation to visit and experience...

Words: 103133 - Pages: 413

Premium Essay

Police

...BELHAVEN UNIVERSITY Jackson, Mississippi A CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES FOUNDED IN 1883 CATALOGUE 2014-2015 EFFECTIVE JUNE 1, 2014 Directory of Communication Mailing Address: Belhaven University 1500 Peachtree St. Jackson, MS 39202 Belhaven University 535 Chestnut St. Suite 100 Chattanooga, TN 37402 Belhaven University 7111 South Crest Parkway Southaven, MS 38671 Belhaven University – LeFleur 4780 I-55 North Suite 125 Jackson, MS 39211 Belhaven University 15115 Park Row Suite 175 Houston, TX 77084 Belhaven University Online 1500 Peachtree St. Box 279 Jackson, MS 39202 Belhaven University 1790 Kirby Parkway Suite 100 Memphis, TN 38138 Belhaven University 4151 Ashford Dunwoody Rd. Suite 130 Atlanta, GA 30319 Belhaven University 5200 Vineland Rd. Suite 100 Orlando, FL 32811 Traditional Admission Adult and Graduate Studies Admission – Jackson Atlanta Chattanooga Desoto Houston Memphis Orlando Alumni Relations/Development Belhaven Fax Business Office Campus Operations Integrated Marketing Registrar Student Life Security Student Financial Planning Student Development Online Admission Online Student Services (601) 968-5940 or (800) 960-5940 (601) 968-5988 or Fax (601) 352-7640 (404) 425-5590 or Fax (404) 425-5869 (423) 265-7784 or Fax (423) 265-2703 (622) 469-5387 (281) 579-9977 or Fax (281) 579-0275 (901) 896-0184 or Fax (901) 888-0771 (407) 804-1424 or Fax (407) 367-3333 (601) 968-5980 (601) 968-9998 (601) 968-5901 (601) 968-5904 (601) 968-5930 (601) 968-5922...

Words: 151104 - Pages: 605

Free Essay

Logitech

...Erfolgsfaktoren interkultureller Strategischer Allianzen - am Beispiel von bilateralen Kooperationen zwischen deutschen, franzo sischen und japanischen Automobilunternehmen - INAUGURALDISSERTATION zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Wirtschaftswissenschaft des - Fachbereichs Wirtschaftswissenschaft der Gerhard-Mercator-Universita t Gesamthochschule Duisburg Vorgelegt von Dipl.-O k. Carola Krieger 46537 Dinslaken 2001 PDF wurde mit FinePrint pdfFactory-Prüfversion erstellt.http://www.context-gmbh.de II Inhaltsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis...................................................................................... VI Abku rzungsverzeichnis ..................................................................................... IX I. Fragestellung.................................................................................................... 1 II. Forschungsstand und Vorgehensweise ........................................................... 5 III. Aufbau der Arbeit.......................................................................................... 8 1. Strategische Allianzen................................................................................... 11 1.1 Definition der Strategischen Allianz und ihrer charakteristischen Merkmale ........................................................................................................................... 14 1.2 Herleitung des theoretischen Bezugsrahmens.........................

Words: 131050 - Pages: 525

Free Essay

Analysis

...Danksagung Ich möchte allen danken, die sich in den vergangenen Jahren die Mühe gemacht haben, sich mit meiner Dissertation, mit diesem Text, zu beschäftigen und ihn zu kommentieren. An erster Stelle sind das meine Betreuer am Europäischen Hochschulinstitut in Florenz, Klaus Eder und Friedhelm Neidhardt. Außerdem: Catherine Brice, Colin Crouch, Nora Eisermann, Bernd Giesen, Michaela Krützen, Johannes Lübking, Anne Marijnen, Gesa Marten, Jo Reichertz, Frederic Vandenberghe und Anne Will. Besonders danke ich meinem Bruder David Eisermann, der mir die nötige Zuversicht und liebevolle Unterstützung gegeben hat, die Arbeit abzuschließen. Berlin, im Oktober 2000 Jessica Eisermann Inhalt Danksagung .........................................................................................................5 Abkürzungen......................................................................................................10 Einleitung.......................................................................................................... 13 1 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 Das Problem der Mediengewalt........................................................... 21 Die Definition des Problems in der Öffentlichkeit .................................21 Die ordnungsgenerierende Funktion 'unterhaltender' Nachrichten ...22 Das Problem im Zusammenhang mit dem Symbol der Gewalt ........28 Das Problem im Zusammenhang mit dem Medium...

Words: 88045 - Pages: 353

Premium Essay

Damsel

...2014-2015 Undergraduate Academic Calendar and Course Catalogue Published June 2014 The information contained within this document was accurate at the time of publication indicated above and is subject to change. Please consult your faculty or the Registrar’s office if you require clarification regarding the contents of this document. Note: Program map information located in the faculty sections of this document are relevant to students beginning their studies in 2014-2015, students commencing their UOIT studies during a different academic year should consult their faculty to ensure they are following the correct program map. i Message from President Tim McTiernan I am delighted to welcome you to the University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT), one of Canada’s most modern and dynamic university communities. We are a university that lives by three words: challenge, innovate and connect. You have chosen a university known for how it helps students meet the challenges of the future. We have created a leading-edge, technology-enriched learning environment. We have invested in state-of-the-art research and teaching facilities. We have developed industry-ready programs that align with the university’s visionary research portfolio. UOIT is known for its innovative approaches to learning. In many cases, our undergraduate and graduate students are working alongside their professors on research projects and gaining valuable hands-on learning, which we believe is integral...

Words: 195394 - Pages: 782

Free Essay

Verwaltung Und Verwaltungswissenschaft in Deutschland

...Jörg Bogumil · Werner Jann Verwaltung und Verwaltungswissenschaft in Deutschland Grundwissen Politik Band 36 Begründet von Ulrich von Alemann Herausgegeben von Arthur Benz Marian Döhler Hans-Joachim Lauth Susanne Lütz Georg Simonis Jörg Bogumil · Werner Jann Verwaltung und Verwaltungswissenschaft in Deutschland Einführung in die Verwaltungswissenschaft 2., völlig überarbeitete Auflage Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über abrufbar. 1. Auflage 2005 2. Auflage 2009 Alle Rechte vorbehalten © VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften | GWV Fachverlage GmbH, Wiesbaden 2009 Lektorat: Frank Schindler VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften ist Teil der Fachverlagsgruppe Springer Science+Business Media. www.vs-verlag.de Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlags unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Die Wiedergabe von Gebrauchsnamen, Handelsnamen, Warenbezeichnungen usw. in diesem Werk berechtigt auch ohne besondere Kennzeichnung nicht zu der Annahme, dass solche Namen im Sinne der Warenzeichen- und Markenschutz-Gesetzgebung als frei zu...

Words: 132997 - Pages: 532

Free Essay

Understanding India, Globalisation and Health Care Systems

...Bisht et al. Globalization and Health 2012, 8:32 http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/8/1/32 REVIEW Open Access Understanding India, globalisation and health care systems: a mapping of research in the social sciences Ramila Bisht1*, Emma Pitchforth2 and Susan F Murray3 Abstract National and transnational health care systems are rapidly evolving with current processes of globalisation. What is the contribution of the social sciences to an understanding of this field? A structured scoping exercise was conducted to identify relevant literature using the lens of India – a ‘rising power’ with a rapidly expanding healthcare economy. A five step search and analysis method was employed in order to capture as wide a range of material as possible. Documents published in English that met criteria for a social science contribution were included for review. Via electronic bibliographic databases, websites and hand searches conducted in India, 113 relevant articles, books and reports were identified. These were classified according to topic area, publication date, disciplinary perspective, genre, and theoretical and methodological approaches. Topic areas were identified initially through an inductive approach, then rationalised into seven broad themes. Transnational consumption of health services; the transnational healthcare workforce; the production, consumption and trade in specific health-related commodities, and transnational diffusion of ideas and knowledge...

Words: 11974 - Pages: 48

Premium Essay

Dsda

...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research Background The auditor’s roles are to provide an opinion on financial statement and to ensure that the statements are based on true and fair image of company performance to the stakeholders. They are authorized in checking the accuracy of business records. Opinions given by the auditor gives an added credibility to the financial statements (Maqableh, 2014). Commonly, investors often rely on financial statements provided by auditor in making investment judgement and increase the productivity of financial markets. Financial statements provided by the auditors are often reviewed as credible, unbiased opinion that truly reflects the company financial positions. There’s no doubt that auditor independence is the core of auditing profession when establishing its objectivity and integrity. Auditor independence, in particular, indicates the ability of an auditor to disregard any influence or control when conducting an opinion (AAA, 1973). Therefore, auditor must be, and must be seen to be independent of company management. Lack of independence causes audits to be considered to have little value (Johnstone, Sutton, & Warfield, 2001). This is further supported by Elliott and Jacobson (1998) that a particular interest may trigger a risk that could weaken the outcome of the audit which in turn impairs the auditor independence. Hence, independence is fundamental to the purpose served by auditors (Moore et al., 2002). This study is limited to...

Words: 12977 - Pages: 52

Free Essay

Khoabnamap Study About Religion

...IN CONTEMPORARY SOUTHEAST ASIA ISLAMIC STUDIES AND ISLAMIC EDUCATION i ii IN CONTEMPORARY SOUTHEAST ASIA ISLAMIC STUDIES AND ISLAMIC EDUCATION Editors KAMARUZZAMAN BUSTAMAM-AHMAD PATRICK JORY YAYASAN ILMUWAN iii Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloguing-In-Publication Data Islamic studies and Islamic education in contemporary Southeast Asia / editors: Kamaruzzaman Bustamam-Ahmad, Patrick Jory ISBN 978-983-44372-3-7 (pbk.) 1. Islamic religious education--Southeast Asia. 2. Islam--Education--Southeast Asia. I. Kamaruzzaman Bustamam-Ahmad. II. Jory, Patrick. 297.77 First Printed 2011 © 2011 Kamaruzzaman Bustamam-Ahmad & Patrick Jory Publisher: Yayasan Ilmuwan D-0-3A, Setiawangsa Business Suites, Taman Setiawangsa, 54200 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – for example, electronic, photocopy, recording – without prior written permission of the publisher. The only exception is brief quotations in printed review. The opinions expressed in this publication is the personal views of the authors, and do not necessary reflect the opinion of the publisher. Layout and cover design: Font: Font size: Printer: Hafizuldin bin Satar Goudy Old Style 11 pt Gemilang Press Sdn Bhd iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS T his book grew out of a three-day workshop jointly held by the Regional Studies Program, Walailak University, and the Department...

Words: 104903 - Pages: 420