...Comparing Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring And The Neuman Systems Model Jayanna Volm Concordia University Comparing Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring And The Neuman Systems Model Nursing frameworks and conceptual models are imperative as a foundation for nursing practice. These frameworks provide recognition, understanding, and the ability to manage phenomena in which nursing comes into contact. These frameworks also provide the nurse with a systematic approach to interventions and goal attainment. The purpose of this paper is to compare Neuman Systems Model to Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring. According to Alligood and Tomey the Neuman Systems Model is classified as a nursing conceptual model. “Nursing conceptual models are concepts and their relationships that specify a perspective from which to view phenomena specific to the discipline of nursing. Different conceptual models provide various perspectives or frameworks for thinking critically and making nursing decisions” (Alligood & Tomey, 2010, p. 223). The nursing conceptual models are comprehensive and define the metaparadigm according to their framework. Tourville and Ingalls categorize the Neuman Systems Model as a systems model. They define a systems model of nursing as viewing “the person as a multidimensional being who reacts continually to a world of stressors” (2003, Systems Model, para. 1). Systems may be organizations, communities, businesses, or social structures. Within the large...
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...Current and Future Nursing Models That Guides My Nursing Practice Leila Pinter Concordia University Nursing Theory MSN 834 Dr. Tracy Shannon February 15, 2015 Current and Future Nursing Models That Guides My Nursing Practice Nursing theories are what we base our practice on. It is not only the basis for our practice but also patient care, nursing research, education, and personal and professional development. It allows us to understand and analyze our practice, draw inspiration from them, and guide us with those tools to improve patient outcomes. I align myself most closely with Patricia Benner’s Model From Novice to Expert. The concept of Benner’s theory states that you acquire knowledge and skills over time with practice and experience. Current Model Current Practice I recently left my position as an emergency room nurse and now practice as a case manager for a health insurance company. My roles as a nurse have changed over the years, and prior to leaving the emergency department I was a charge nurse and the trauma coordinator. It was my job in both of those positions to be a leader, mentor and resource person. I was usually the most experienced person in the department, therefore the person to assist when questions would come up or critical situations would arise. As the trauma coordinator, it was my job to know the ins and outs of the program and ensure we are following the recommended guidelines, and prepare for our certifications. I worked closely...
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...Mental Health Nursing, Finding Our Core: The Therapeutic Relationship in 21st Century Advanced ORIGINAL 4 42 June © Blackwell 0031-5990 Publishing Perspectives in Psychiatric PPC 2006 Practice PMH2006 Malden, USAARTICLE Care Blackwell Publishing Inc Nursing: Finding Our Core Suzanne Perraud, RN, PhD, Kathleen R. Delaney, RN, DNSc, Linnea Carlson-Sabelli, PhD, APRN, BC, Mary E. Johnson, RN, PhD, Rebekah Shephard, MS, APRN, and Olimpia Paun, APRN, BC, PhD TOPIC. Increasingly, students from various professional backgrounds are enrolling in Psychiatric Mental Health (PMH) Nursing graduate programs, especially at the post-master’s level. Faculty must educate these students to provide increasingly complex care while socializing them as PMH advanced practitioners. PURPOSE. To present how one online program is addressing these issues by reasserting the centrality of the relationship and by assuring it has at least equal footing with the application of a burgeoning knowledge base of neurobiology of mental illness. SOURCES. Published literature from nursing and psychology. CONCLUSIONS. The PMH graduate faculty believes that they have developed strategies to meet this challenge and to help build a PMH workforce that will maintain the centrality of the relationship in PMH practice. Search terms: Nurse–patient relations, psychiatric nursing, empathy, therapeutic relationship, education, nursing, graduate Perspectives in Psychiatric...
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...specialty within nursing that deals specifically with human responses to life-threatening problems. * As defined by the World Federation of Critical Care Nurses: Specialized nursing care of critically ill patients who have manifest or potential disturbances of vital organ functions. Critical care nursing means assisting, supporting and restoring the patient towards health, or to ease the patient’s pain and to prepare them for a dignified death. Aim To establish a therapeutic relationship with patients and their relatives and to empower the individuals’ physical, psychological, sociological, cultural and spiritual capabilities by preventive, curative and rehabilitative interventions. Illnesses and injuries commonly seen in patients on critical care units (CCUs) Gunshot wounds Traumatic injuries Cardiovascular disorders Surgeries Respiratory disorders Shock THE EVOLUTION OF CRITICAL CARE * Forty years of development in critical care and critical care nursing has given rise to a recognized specialty in nursing practice . * Critical care units have evolved over the last four decades in response to medical advances . HISTORICAL PRESPECTIVES * Florence nightingale recognized the need to consider the severity of illness in bed allocation of patients and placed the seriously ill patients near the nurses’ station. * Modern medicines boomed to its higher ladder after world war 2 * Dr. Walter E. Dandy 1886-1946 First pioneer of intensive care in...
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...EMPOWERING NURSES 2 Abstract The author examines three published studies validating the concept that a supportive professional practice environment allows for an empowering and successful nursing practice. All but one of the studies, reference Rosabeth Moss Kanter's model of organizational empowerment and further outline how utilization of this model can be useful in creating meaningful work environments for professional nurses. Two studies discuss newly graduated nurses, their organizational commitment and reasons for possible burnout while the other study considers the empowerment needs of the advanced practice nurse. Generally defined, empowerment is a multidimensional social process that helps people gain control over their own lives. It is a process that encourages power (that is, the ability to influence) in people, for use in their own lives, their communities, and in their society, encouraging action on those issues that are found to be of importance. As stated by Chinn and Kramer (2011) it is the growing ability of individuals and groups to exercise their will to have their voices heard, and to claim their full human potential. The author acknowledges the importance of empowering professional nurses for successful practice and finds Kanter’s model an excellent tool to achieve positive outcomes. EMPOWERING NURSES 3 The Importance of Empowering Nurses Imagine reporting to work and being informed that the supervisor has called for...
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...LEARNING OUTCOME ONE Throughout this assignment I will critically reflect and appraise the role of the mentor in professional practice which should enable me to facilitate learning in my practice setting. It will be appended with a critical incident that I feel is relevant, to my present and future practice, utilising a reflective model in the process. The word mentor is of Greek origin, the concept stemmed from Homer’s odyssey, where mentor a wise and trusted friend of Odysseus took on the education of his son Telamachis, in the absence of his friend. Carruthers (1993) gives a further dimension, that “this meant that mentor had to be a father figure, teacher, role model, approachable councillor, trusted advisor, challenger and encourager”. The compact Oxford English Dictionary describe mentor as “an experienced person in an organisation or institution who trains and counsels new employees or students”(www.askoxford.com). Mentoring in pre registration nurse education has become a widely accepted practice since the introduction of project 2000 (Lee, 2006). Most of the literature written in the early 1990’s involved defining the concept and determining the nature of the mentoring role. The lack of agreement regarding the role and functions of mentors was a common feature. Terms such as mentor, preceptor facilitator and supervisor were all used interchangeably creating an overlay of role functions which were not clearly defined (Neary, 2000). Hamilton (1993) describes the...
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...Professional Dynamics As the largest single profession in US healthcare, Nursing plays a major role in the healthcare delivery in both rural and urban areas. The nursing profession is a work in progress and constantly evolving. Nurses in this era in many ways are far different than what it was at its inception. Today’s nurses must embrace change and incorporate evidence based medicine, creativity and the enthusiasm with discipline. Currently nurses are limited with their ability to deliver care with the changing healthcare practice in US. In order to be an effective participant in the evolving and transforming healthcare system, The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) and Institute of medicine (IOM) launched an initiative in 2008 which created a report with eight recommendations for the future transformation of the nursing profession. The IOM report had 8 key recommendations for the future of nursing. The following key messages were the framework for the recommendations. * Recommends that nurses should be able to practice to the full extent of their training and education * Recommends that nurses should attain higher levels of schooling and training through an enhanced education system that encourages seamless academic advancement. * Nurses should be full allies, with physicians and other health care professionals, in reforming health care in the United States. * Recommends that labor force development be effective and policy making needs better collection of...
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...Jean Watson’s Caring Theory Nurses’ responsibilities to their patients are continually changing with the times. Jean Watson formed the “caring theory” to convey the significance and emphasize nursing as a diverse health profession. Using the Jean Watson’s caring theory enables nurses to maintain their perspective on caring for patients when overwhelmed with increased acuity, responsibility and workload. With the increase of patients and their needs, nurses often replace the caring attitude with an attitude of arrogance and hurried tasks, leaving patients and family members with belief that nurses believe they are here just to perform a job. By applying the Watson caring theory in caring for patients, “it allows nurses to practice the art of caring, to provide compassion to ease patients’ and families’ suffering, and to promote their healing and dignity but it can also contribute to expand the nurse’s own actualization” (Cara, 2003, p 2). Watson believes it is crucial that nurses apply caring values to their practice because it is essentially a byproduct in discovering the meaning of the nursing profession (Theory of Human Caring, n.d.). The foundation of this paper is to expound on the caring theory Jean Watson designed “to bring meaning and focus to nursing as a distinct health profession” (Cara, 2003, p 2). Description of the Theorist In the 1940’s, Jean Watson was born in West Virginia in a small town in the Appalachian Mountains. In 1961, graduated from the Lewis Gale...
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...INTERPROFESSIONAL RELATIONSHIP INTERPROFESSIONAL RELATIONSHIP AND COLLABORATIVE WORKING According to the reviews, professionalism is growing in every field of works, as new changes and development are emerging in the health and social care. A nurse basic professional responsibility is to provide care and support to people who need helps to improve their health issues. Its professional responsibility is to provide nursing care and support to the people who have been suffering from deterioration of health. A traditional way of nursing is to just provide primary care and follow the order of the professional practitioner, but now new concept of therapeutic relationship and implementation of therapeutic process is evaluated (Fournier, 2000). Nursing practices includes variety of settings and these settings will affect the processes which are out of control over nurse’s influence. These processes may be government laws, policies, management decisions and orders of other professional practitioners. The code of ethics outlines the intention of professional nurse to accept the individual rights and respect these rights in medical practices. Such code of ethic for nurses may affect to fulfil their moral obligation and other ethical problems they may face during their professionalism. Nurses are encouraged to take part in discussion and take decision for their moral obligation which they are facing in taking care and supporting their patient. (Gelman, White, Carlson & Norman,...
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...The specialist practice nurse is employed as a British Heart Foundation (BHF) Heart Failure (HF) nurse and is based in secondary care. Along with networking with a wide range of health care practitioners providing a seamless service between primary and secondary care her role also involves evidence-based care to clients with chronic heart failure (CHF). CHF is a complex syndrome that results from a structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the heart to function as a pump. This results in the heart not being able to pump enough blood to meet metabolic demands of the body (Clinical Resource Efficiency Support Team (CREST), 2005). The most common cause of HF is coronary artery disease, hypertension and valvular disease. It is a chronic condition, which may fluctuate, and result in repeated hospital admissions. The incidence and prevalence of heart failure is on the increase and with the current ageing population it is likely to continue along this trend. It is currently the most common cause of hospital admission in clients over the age of 65 years and accounts for 1 - 3 % of the National Health Service’ expenditure, the majority of which is associated with inpatient care (CREST, 2005). The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2010) defined specialist practice as “...the exercising of higher levels of judgement, discretion and decision making in clinical care” and requires that specialist practice nurse is competent in clinical assessment and...
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...provides overall specific vision regarding the vital contribution of advanced practice nurses to the health care system. The Department of Veteran’s Affairs (VA), the Geisinger Health system, and Kaiser Permanente are used as examples of care delivery organizations that maximize nursing scope of practice. The transformation of the VA from a hospital-based system into a primary care focused organization is based on the maximization of nurse practitioners (NPs) as primary care providers. As a result, by 2007, VA patients experienced higher quality and significantly lower-cost care compared with similar Medicare populations. Geisinger is noted in the report as an organization that that transitioned from a high-cost, specialty-focused medical facility to an organization of high value. Geisinger’s vision includes “having staff work up to the limit of their license” and to “redistribute caregiving work to increase quality and decrease cost.” Under this model, nurses in call centers shifted to primary care sites and established relationships with patients and families, resulting in the creation of more effective care plans thus reducing hospitalizations. Additionally, Geisinger created its own NP-staffed convenient care clinics. Kaiser is noted for its experimentation with nurses’ roles to improve quality and patient satisfaction, and to lower costs. The organization established the discharge nurse role, which has full authority over the discharge process from acute care...
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...THE TUCK SCHOOL AT DARTMOUTH MinuteClinic Bringing Change to Healthcare Delivery Peter Albro, Bill Aull, Ryan Fitzgerald, John Goldsmith, Tom Harris, Jon Mohraz 11/14/2008 Introduction In 1999, consumers of the US healthcare industry had a myriad of frustrations to choose from when seeking medical assistance: lack of convenience, no focus on customer service, limitations from insurance providers, billing inefficiency and confusion, and very opaque pricing. One grumbler, Steve Pontius, had an epiphany during an all too common experience when seeking medical coverage for his kids. After waiting for three hours at an urgent care clinic for what he thought was an ear infection, the physician diagnosed in three minutes what Pontius had predicted. Additionally, only after the visit to the doctor had he figured out that his insurance company did not cover treatment at this particular clinic, so Pontius would have to pay hundreds of dollars out of his own pocket to pay for the visit with the doctor.1 Sensing a business opportunity, Pontius, along with Rick Krieger and Douglas Smith, partnered to start MinuteClinic, the retail medical treatment clinic that is widely regarded as the beginning of the convenient care clinic (CCC) movement. Also known as retail based clinics, these facilities are small medical operations located within a larger retail operation such as Target or CVS. They offer a limited scope of medical services and are primarily characterized by...
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...Quality Research Article Critique Factors Influencing Emergency Use of Nurse Practitioners: A Critique Problem and Purpose This is critique of a Qualitative Nursing article, the article is: Factors Influencing the Decision to Use Nurse Practitioners in the Emergency Department by Laurie A. McGee, MN, ARNP and Louise Kaplan, PhD, ARNP, published in Journal of Emergency Nursing, Volume 33, Number 5, October 2007. The problem that is stated in the article is there is a growing and serious problem facing the overcrowding of emergency rooms within the United States. There is a current epidemic of the population that relies on emergency room care as primary care. “The 2004 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) reports an 18% increase in the number of visits to emergency departments from 1994 to 2004.” This causes long wait times and may cause emergency room doctors and nurses to be overworked allowing for a possibility for mistakes to handle the volume. “Overcrowding is defined as a situation in which demand for emergency services exceeds the ability of a department to provide quality care within acceptable time frames.” Overcrowding can delay care which is a patient safety issue and can lower patient satisfaction. “The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations' review of sentinel events has attributed patient deaths to delays in patient care. In hospital emergency departments, delay of treatment is the most common type of sentinel event.”...
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...NURSE PRACTITIONERS HAS A PRIMARY CARE PROVIDERS Primary care is usually the patient’s first contact with the treatment system, according to chapter 1 of Barton, Roemer’s model of a health services system defines primary care as the entry point into the health services system where diseases are diagnosed and initial treatment is provided, episodic care for non chronic illness and injuries is rendered, prescription drugs to treat common illness are provided, routine dental care done and potentially serious physical or mental health conditions that require prompt referral for secondary or tertiary care are diagnosed. A nurse practitioner is a registered nurse who has achieved an advanced level of education and training with a master degree as well as a higher level of training in the diagnoses and treatment of a range of common medical conditions and illnesses. Some nurse practitioners seek training in highly specialized areas of medicine as well. Their job is very similar to that of a physician. In fact, these professionals often have working relationships with physicians. They can perform the duties of a primary health care provider and can offer medical care to patients of all ages and are legally allowed to prescribe medications. Nurse practitioners will be in high demand, according to healthcare industry experts because of shortage in the number of primary care physicians available to treats patients, a growing and aging population combined with the need for healthcare services...
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...framework very easy to follow, and as Clodagn (2003), explains it allows a person to implement alternative actions to an event, if followed. The incident will be described and the influence of key issues relating to ethical theories and decision-making, illness journeys and lay and professional perspectives will be explored. Principles of nursing models will be looked at and their contribution to individual patient care. I will also look at resource management, quality assurance and the role of evidence-based practice. For the purpose of this essay, to maintain confidentiality, the patient will be referred to as Mr Charlie Wood, (NMC code of professional conduct 2002; 5.1). Incident The incident occurred when I was a student on a medical ward. Mr. Wood, age 80 had been admitted to hospital following a stroke. From this he had lost the ability to mobilise and speak effectively. He was a very dependent gentleman and counted on the nurses to undertake all aspects of his care. His wife, whose name has also been changed for confidentiality reasons (NMC 2002), was very dedicated to him and stayed most days. As a student nurse I spent a lot of time looking after Mr. Wood’s needs and also helping Mrs. Wood emotionally. I found myself becoming very emotionally attached to the couple and became very upset when he passed away. I had a mixture of feelings throughout my time with Mr.Wood. I...
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