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How to Prevent Infection with Safe Injection and Medication Practices?

Infection transmission risks are present in all hospital settings (Siegel, Rhinehart, Jackson, Chiarello, & the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee, 2007, p. 31). A recent online survey of more than 5,000 healthcare practitioners revealed an alarming lapse in basic infection control practices associated with the use of syringes, needles, multi-dose vials, single-use vials, and flush solutions (Paparella, 2011, p. 564). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) there has been at least 49 infection outbreaks occurring because of contaminated injectable medical products since 2001 particularly at the time of administration. Out of the 49 outbreaks occurring, 26 of those took place in the past five years (Jayanthi, 2014). The transmission of bloodborne viruses and other microbial pathogens to patients during routine healthcare procedures continues to occur because of the use of unsafe and improper injection, infusion, and medication vial practices by health care professionals in various clinical settings throughout the United States. Breaches in safe injection, infusion, and medication vial practices continue to result in unacceptable and devastating events for patients (Dolan et al., 2010, p. 167). With this in mind it is necessary to understand the causes of and how to effectively prevent infection and injury with safe injection and medication vial practices.
In the last decade more than 150,000 patients living in the United States were notified and recommended to get tested for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus HIV because of the reuse of syringes and misuse of medication vials ("One and Only Campaign | What are They & Why Follow Them?," n.d.). When infectious diseases such as HBV,

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