...the Chinese Health Care System D. Rob Haley, PhD; Mei Zhao, PhD; JoAnn M. Nolin, JD; Kerry Dunning, MHA; Sun Qiang, PhD As China continues its moves from a socialist ideology to a market economy, the impact of its presence is being felt globally. This is especially true with China’s health care system and the challenges that it is experiencing with its 1.3 billion population. The erosion of China’s socialist ideology was accompanied by an erosion of the government’s subsidy of health services, placing the major responsibilities of providing health care services on regional governments. Unfortunately, the impact of these policies on China’s health care system is not commonly understood, resulting in confusion and propagation of myths. For example, many believe that the Chinese government provides free health care for all citizens, and the population has not accepted Western medicine and relies primarily on traditional Chinese medicine. In addition, it is believed that there is no shortage of nurses, as the majority of care is provided at home. Finally, it is commonly believed that China’s health care issues are different from those of the United States. Exploration of these myths provides us with a better understanding and an improved ability to engage with this emerging economic global leader. Key words: China, Complimentary Therapies, Nursing, Traditional Chinese medicine, Western Medicine HINA’S EMERGING PRESENCE in the global economy has been accompanied by...
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...them(Docter). Throughout this trip Russell's perspective of the elderly changes dramatically and he has a new found respect. The way America treats their elderly people varies greatly from other countries. In America we treat the elderly as if they are disposable. Instead of taking our mothers and fathers into our home to take care of them, we place them in retirement communities and nursing homes. Most nursing homes are filled with horrific stories. It is a known fact that nursing homes are understaffed. Our loved ones do not get the proper treatment they deserve and ninety percent of nursing homes fail federal inspections for health and safety (Henslin, 384). Elder abuse usually goes hand in hand with nursing homes but it can also take place in the family's home. Elder abuse includes mental, physical, sexual and financial abuse. In other countries like China it is a son's duty to take care of this mother. The elderly mother will live in the biggest room of her sons' house, he will cook her special meals and take her to her medical appointments. This is how the elderly should be treated. In China elderly are considered a source of wisdom. However the elderly are not treated this well in every country. The Tiwi people who live of the northern coast of Australia choose to dispose of their frail, elderly women. Charles Hart, the anthropologist working on the case, described one of the woman as “ toothless, almost blind, withered” (Henslin, 367). Towards the end of the trip Charles...
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...NAME NG Ka Yan DEGREE BA (Hons) Human Resource Management TUTOR Adam Wong TITLE Investigate the on-going problem of the high turnover rate in the Hong Kong nursing industry DATE 13 April 2012 CAMPUS Hong Kong Polytechnic University STUDENT No: 11001223B0 Project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the BA (HONS) BUSINESS MANAGEMENT of Northumbria University DECLARATIONS I declare the following: (1) that the material contained in this Project is the end result of my own work and that due acknowledgement has been given in the bibliography and references to ALL sources be they printed, electronic or personal. (2) the Word Count of this Project is: Section A: 3997 Section B: 4994 Reflective Statement: 525 Total Word Count: 9516 (3) that unless this Project has been confirmed as confidential, I agree to an entire electronic copy or sections of the Project to being placed on Blackboard, if deemed appropriate , to allow future students the opportunity to see examples of past Projects. I understand that if displayed on Blackboard it would be made available for no longer than five years and that student would be able to print off copies or download. The authorship would remain anonymous. (4) I agree to my Project being submitted to a plagiarism detection service, where it will be stored in a database and compared against work submitted from this or any other School or from other institutions using the service...
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...Running head: QUANITATIVE RESEARCH REPORT Quantitative Research Report M. Ellen Kingsley Grand Canyon University NRS-433V May 06, 2011 The Quantitative Research that this student chose is titled; Interventions to Promote Physical Activity in Chronically Ill Adults. Physical activity in chronically ill adults is a topic that is very important to study, people, in general, do not realize the importance of exercise and if there is proof that exercise is beneficial to people with long term illnesses then maybe, by nurses, the patients can be persuaded to be involved in more exercise which would improve their health and quality of life, including improving their illnesses without more medications. Nurses provide a lot of client education and also promote health in all of their clients and can improve the health and well-being of their clients that they serve. The main research question in this article is not stated outright. This author believes that the research question would be; what are the health benefits of physical activity in chronically ill adults? Also another question could be added; which strategies and practices are most effective in increasing physical activity in chronic illness. The hypothesis of this study was not stated. This author interprets the hypothesis would be; Physical activity in chronically ill adults will improve health and wellness to these clients. This article discussed the implications of findings that describe the strategies...
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...There are various cultures in the world. Cultural diversity has brought cross cultural interactions beyond geographical boundaries. Every culture has values and beliefs which reflects cultural and social influences, relationships, and personal needs in an individual. Health cultural values “shape human behaviors and determine what individuals will do to maintain their health status, how they will care for themselves, and others who become ill, and where and from whom they will seek health care” (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). Transcultural nursing is a practice to transform health care and help people of diverse cultures. An analysis of Leninger's vision for the work of transcultural nursing indicates that there are many barriers and issues in health care, particularly for persons from diverse cultures. For instance, health care for poor Americans and ethnic minorities is less than optimal because they are unable to pay for services because of lack of insurance (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). Ethnicity is a reference to a collective identity, a sense of uniqueness within the larger society, and a distinction from nonmembers. Ethnicity denotes a sharing of customs, food, dress, music, religion, and of symbols, such as language, among those who see themselves as fellow members of the group (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). An ethnic group may have “common geographic origins, family patterns, language, religion, values, traditions, symbols, music, dietary preferences, and employment...
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...Jerry Yang, makes an agreeable statement that "we have to follow the law," in regards to conducting business in China; a country with many strict rules, regulations, and laws placed upon businesses, particularly search engine companies, who wish to do business in the country (Argenti, 2009, p. 20). While it may seem unusual and as though a violation of human rights within some western cultures, particularly in the United States, to restrict a population from gaining access to certain information, whether it be on the Internet or not, all business leaders from around the world can benefit from understanding and respecting the country and culture in which the company wishes to conduct business. Advice to Google co-founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page, and CEO Eric Schmidt, would be to adhere to the cultural customs and laws within the countries they wish to establish business in and build a rapport with such countries as to create potential allies and long term positive relationships, opposed to creating conflict over cultural differences. Healthcare practitioner, Linda Laskowski-Jones states that while "cultural competence" is required to produce the highest quality products and services, "we also need to develop our skills in intraprofessional cultural competence", which is the ability to work together within the multitude of different cultures within an industry (Nursing, 2012, p. 6). Togetherness and cooperation are essential for any business relationship to operate effectively...
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...self-examination of one’s own background, recognizing bias, prejudices, and assumption about other people”. To provide an effective care, health care provider should be of cultural competence and practice. Cultural sensitive care in nursing is important to provide meaningful and supportive care for clients. Beyond the concept that language can often present a barrier to proper understanding and decision making, every client has a unique background and life story that influences what he or she considers appropriate care. Age, race ethnicity, gender, race, religion, economic status, and other factors such as prior healthcare encounter and recent family event can all affect how an individual sees the world. To discover client’s culture care, values, meaning, beliefs and practices, nurses need to be able to assess social, cultural, and biophysical factors influencing treatment and care of client; nurses also need to show the motivation and commitment to care for others and learn from them, be open and accepting of cultural difference and build on cultural similarities; obtaining sufficient comparative knowledge of diverse group, including their indigenous values health beliefs, care practice, worldview and bicultural ecology. To provide an effective nursing care, nurses has to...
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...Examining experiences of WA nurses workload under the NHPPD staffing model. One of onus for practising nurses as highlighted by the ANMC code of ethics (2008) is that “Nurses value quality nursing care for all people”. This becomes significantly harder as several complexity or factors within the health system impedes on nurses ability to efficiently fulfil this role. One of such issues is safe and effective workload or the optimal nurse to patient ratio for providing quality nursing care. As Twigg et al. (2011) noted the implementation of nursing hours per patient day (NHPPD) staffing model in 2002, a landmark event for western Australian public hospitals was a result of nurses taking a stand to combat the unreasonable workload that was being undertaken. With evidence showing, mandated nursing staff levels having a significant impact on health outcomes, implementation of various staffing models to foster quality nursing care and improved patient outcomes in the health care setting has been widely utilised globally (Twigg et al. 2011). With prominent research done by Aiken and colleagues in the US, and with several other studies carried out internationally the gains achieved for patient outcomes through appropriate nursing staffing levels has been thoroughly highlighted. Aiken et al (2002) demonstrates the significant impact low staffing levels has on patient’s mortality rate. The study noted that wards that had the worst staffing ratios saw a 31% increase in death rates. Increases...
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...Western Plaza Inc. Bringing Western Culture to South Korea via Nursing Home, Plastic Surgery, Clothing and Makeup Jacob Schwarz Executive Summary My reason for writing this study is to determine the feasibility of building a nursing/retirement home, a plastic surgery outpatient center, and a cosmetic and clothing store in Seoul, South Korea. In my opinion, South Korea is welcoming to this venture; this can be seen in the upcoming research. In this report, I explore the geography of Seoul, South Korea. I learn of the growing, large, population and the population density of 45,000 people per square mile (“Population Statistics,” 2013). Next, I review the demographics and find out that minority groups consist of 2.2% of the population (Population Statistics, 2013). While reviewing the demographics I found that the education system is extremely strict; though it is more lenient now, it is still success driven (Chakrabarti, 2013). I also found that religion is not going to be an issue with this venture, in my opinion. There are two major religions; the major Christian religion will be implemented in the venture (Koo, n.d.). Education and demographics are important to a global business venture, though I believe the economy is most important. I present information about South Korea’s economy, and how it has transformed from an aid recipient to a donor country (Globalization, n.d.). Here is where I mention the chaebol’s success, which accounted for 55.7% of South Koreas GDP in...
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...Contents Page Chapter One - Abstract…………………………………………………….Pages 3 -4 Chapter Two –Introduction and Rationale ………………………..….…Pages 4 - 6 Chapter Three – Search Strategy…………………………………………Pages 6 – 9 Chapter Four – Theme One………………………………………..………Pages 9 -13 Chapter Five – Theme Two…………………………………….…………..Pages 13 - 17 Chapter Six – Theme Three…………………………………………….….Pages 17 - 20 Chapter Seven – Conclusion and Recommendation…..………….……..Pages 20 - 25 Reference List and ……………………………………………………………Pages 26-32 Tables Table One – Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria…………………………..….Page 7 Table Two – Search Strategy…………………………………………….….Page 8 Appendices Appendix One – Kurt Lewin (1951) Force Field Analysis………………....Page 33 Appendix Two – Change Management Driving and Restraining Forces…Page 34 Appendix Three – Change Management Timeline………………………....Page 35 Appendix Four- Kurt Lewin (1951) Theory Model Change…………………Page 36 Appendix Five – Research Articles……………………………………………Page 37-39 Chapter One: Abstract Aims of the literature review An extensive literature review has been explored to discuss the topic of what is the impact a colostomy or ileostomy has on a patient’s quality of live. The findings will be concluded and an appropriate change will be suggested in regards to future practice. Rationale Ileostomy and colostomy procedures are known to be common within the UK according to NHS Choice (2013). It is suggested that over 9,000 ileostomy procedures are conceded each year and approximately...
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...discussed for many years before us and is still current in health care and in general. As I was preparing for this week learning adventure, I can say that, besides our chapters in textbooks, I read so many different articles, but for this paper I have chosen the article written by Maier- Lorentz Transcultural nursing: Its importance in nursing practice. I found this article easy to understand and fallow through and I agree with many things listed and discussed by the author. We can define diversity in many different ways many years ago diversity was defined mainly by gender, race, or color. In today’s world, we can also add on sexual orientation, military experience, education, work experience, marital status and many more. With a diverse workforce health care can compete with the higher achieving global organization. This article is discussing important of diversity in the nursing profession. As we can see from the article increasing culturally diverse workforce creates positive outcome for the hospital or organization, and also helps in delivering better care for patients and families (Maier-Lorentz, 2008). That is why this issue has been incorporated through nursing schools in their curriculums as well as boards and examinations, also organizations implemented and developed policies and procedures to help with cultural diversity. As of 2004, there were 2.4% working RN’s in the United States. 94.2% were women, with 5.8% being men 89.3% were Caucasian and 4.2% African American...
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...to switch to other less demanding and tedious jobs. Another point which has decreased the turnover is that the new hospital opened close to this hospital provides flexible hours of work with higher pay scale. The management has taken care of nurses issues and problems which they faced in majority of the hospitals. (MULIIRA, 2004) Advances in medical practice and technology, the impact of new diseases and infections [e.g. Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)], and changes in public (consumer) expectations is a major reason for the low count of nurses in the hospital as well as for this specific profession. The top most reasons nurses have cited for discontent, early retirement and changing from nursing to other jobs are, increased work road, inadequate staffing, poor patient ratios, harmful changes in health care delivery systems as away of cost containment and decreased quality of care. The extent to which...
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...The Healthcare Systems of China (In Comparison to the United States) Tiara C. Robinson HSM 310- Professor Jennifer Pryor April 4 2011 China, whose population estimate for 2010 was 1,330,141,295, has a growth rate of 0.5%, a birth rate: 12.1/1000, an infant mortality rate of 16.5/1000, with an average life expectancy of 74.5 years. Prior to my research, I had some knowledge of the problem of overpopulation in China. Even the elders of China were exceeding the normal range. One source states, “As a result [of the overpopulation] China’s 60+ populations will increase dramatically – from 200 million in 2015 to over 300 million by 2030.” (<http://www.china-mike.com/chinese-culture/society/china-population-growth-crisis/>) To better understand the population of China, in comparison to the whole world, (http://www.prb.org...) states that China now has a life expectancy at birth “increasing by two-thirds from 40.8 to 71.5 between 1955 and 2005.” Adding on, “The country already has about 102 million elderly (those ages 65 and over), or over one-fifth of the world's elderly population and the percentage of elderly in China is projected to triple from 8 percent to 24 percent between 2006 and 2050, to a total number of 322 million. Before vigorous research which will include availability and access to healthcare, technological influences, political and cultural economic issues and providers available, I sought it necessary to complete background information on the country…just...
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...and public health nursing was formed in the mid 18th century in response to communicable diseases, claiming the lives of people in large numbers. Over the years, the leading cause of death has shifted and transitioned from infectious deceases to chronic diseases. In today’s modern world advancement in health care and technology call for quality of life and achievement of optimum health for all people. The face and scope of public health transformed to accommodate this need, originating the idea of health promotion. This paper focuses on the role of nursing in health promotion and levels of health promotion. Definition World Health Organization defined health promotion as the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. It moves beyond a focus on individual behavior towards a wide range of social and environmental interventions (WHO, 1986). Purpose of Health Promotion The central goal of health promotion is to enhance each individual’s ability to improve their own health. This goal can be achieved by creating an environment that supports the health of a person as whole. Nurses have a vital role in creating that environment. This is done by health education and by being the mediator - link between patients and health care resources. The different sectors of health care, that span into the nursing scope of practice, enable nurses to interact with patients in all phases of care. This implies huge responsibility on nursing as a primary care...
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...China and Japan Essay As oriental countries, the West often perceives China and Japan as two countries with similar politics, economics, and social norms. What many Westerners may not realize, however, is that starting in the 19th century, Japan ended its traditional isolationist policies while China sought to become isolationist, and that this distinction strongly influenced both Japan and China's political, economic, and social responses to modernization and westernization. Politically, China and Japan's reaction to Western ideas dramatically differed. When President Fillmore sent Commodore Matthew C. Perry to Japan, the ho-shogun and his advisers first resisted the visit, but finally agreed to trade with the United States upon signing the Treaty of Kanagawa in 1858. (Cohen)As a result, Western diplomats soon inundated the Land of the Rising Sun in order to persuade the nation politically, but more importantly to them, economically. The political-diplomatic, cultural-intellectual, and socio-economic relation that followed was christened the Meiji Restoration. In general, the Japanese gradually became very receptive to the concepts of democracy, liberalism, and laissez-faire, but Meiji leaders planned to remain free of Western imperialism by negotiating with Western diplomats. They did not abandon their isolationist policies of over 200 years under the Tokugawa Shogunate only to be absorbed as a European colony; instead, they wanted to learn Western military and industrialization...
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