...ABSTRACT This article expounds upon the reasons and requirements for classification of information in modern governments. It cites the reasons societies, governments, and leaders keep state secrets, along with historical examples of such activity. Spying – the attempt to steal such information – is discussed in context along with more recent cultural demands for more transparency from governments as to what sort of information they are keeping from their citizens. The article weighs the pros and cons of keeping classified information, and explains the requirement for keeping state secrets. Governments have existed since mankind began forming societies thousands of years ago. Humans have always, in one form or another, gathered in groups and chosen leadership – or have been dominated by the strongest among them. Not long after people formed governments, they reasoned that information was power, and the nascent concept of classification became relevant. In our modern age, with concepts of “freedom of information”, there are those who believe that no government should keep any secrets. However, history refutes this argument strongly. Governments have an inherent need to safeguard certain types of information. Classification is, and always has been, a requirement of governments. Some of the earliest records of government and state secrets come from Roman times. The Roman emperor Caesar was well known during his campaigns against the Celtic peoples of Europe, called Gallia...
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...More children are living below the poverty line in America today than when the war on poverty began almost fifty years ago. Despite consistent efforts by the government, nonprofit organizations, and the people themselves, poverty rates in 2012 are very similar to the early 1960s. Social security and Medicaid have reduced the number of seniors living in poverty, but the plight of children has worsened. Several factors have contributed to this problem. As measured by inflation adjusted dollars, wages of low-skill jobs have declined. The number of families headed by unmarried mothers has risen, and large numbers of immigrants with little education have entered the U.S. The combination of these factors have resulted in approximately 20% of our country’s children living in poverty, which is 50% higher than 1969. Historically, the foundational basis for lifting the disenfranchised out of poverty is education. One of the first steps of the civil rights movement was a grassroots movement educating the poor and disenfranchised to a level of literacy that would enable them to register to vote. This strategy was led by Stephen Currier and his wife, Audrey Bruce, the granddaughter of Andrew Mellon, during the early 1960s. Their Taconic Foundation brought the leading civil rights groups together with other foundations including the Stern, Rockefeller, and Norman foundations. The funding to civil rights advocacy associations was matched with volunteers throughout the South who tutored...
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...ICS FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE I. Week 8 (Video Games) a. Genres of Games i. Action ii. Adventure iii. Role Playing (RPG) iv. Simulation v. Strategy vi. Serious b. Elements of a Game i. Rendering engine (graphics) ii. Physics engine (collision detection) iii. Sound iv. Artificial Intelligence v. Animation vi. Scripting vii. Networking c. Game Development i. Studio teams of 20 to >100 ii. Designers iii. Artists iv. Programmers v. Level designers vi. Sound engineers vii. Testers d. Early Games i. 1951: Nimrod ii. 1958: Tennis for Two 1. Like Pong, but with real physics simulation iii. 1975: Adventure, Colossal Cave 1. First modern adventure game iv. 1980: Rogue 1. ASCII terminal e. What makes a game fun? i. Hard Fun 1. Meaningful challenges, strategies, puzzles ii. Easy Fun 1. Exploring new worlds. 2. Focus on player attention (immersion) 3. Ambiguity, incompleteness and detail iii. Serious Fun 1. Self-Improvement 2. Relaxation and excitement 3. Creating 4. Becoming better iv. People Fun 1. Just to spend time with friends 2. Build teamwork and comraderie 3. Enjoy rivalries f. WTF [for Games]: “Where‘s the Fun.” II. Week 9 (Data Visualization) a. Data Science i. The science and technology of turning data into wisdom b. Wisdom, Knowledge, Information Relationship i. Information is Data that has been processed with context to give it meaning. ii. Knowledge is information you...
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...Land Records Paper.. 1. What is the date of death of Nusrat Bhuto-------- October 23, 2011 2. What is the date of death of Arfa Karim-----------14 January 2012 3. Which Pakistani woman won Oscar Award----------Sharmin Obaid Chenuy 4. On which date Abbotabad operation was carried out--------2may2011 5. How many number of balls in snooker game----------------22 6. Which is the world expensive city--------------Zurich 7. Where is the dum dum airport------------------calcuta 8. World Econimic forum kahan hua-----------Davos 9. Women protection bill of acid thrown on face passed on-----13.12.11 10. which country is largest producer of coffee ----------Brazil 11. G4 countries konsi hn-----------india, brazil, germany, japan 12. Pakistan cabinet recognize India as most favorite nation(MFN)-----11.1.12 13. How many deserts are in Punjab-------------2 14. Dr.Abdulsalam ko kab nobel prize mila------------1979 15. Nobe prize kon si country daita hae -------------Sweden 16. Neil amstrong ny kb moon pr step rkha -------------1969 17. When Pakistan joined UNO-----30sep1947 18. When IMF was established----1945 19. Who was the first captain of Pakistan Cricket team?----------Hafeez Kardar 20. Savak agency ks mulk ki hae ..--Iran 21. old athme kis country ka hae------Japan 22. punjab act kb khatam howa tha .... 23. fasal kharif ki insepection kb start karna chahey---March 24. fasal rabi ki insepction kb start karni chahey ----October ...
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...FINANIAL CRISIS 2008 AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE The business world is questioning whether Corporate Governance has become a mere catchphrase, divorced from the contentious problems it is supposed to solve… MEMBERS: AYUSH KUMAR-030 NIPEKSH I MAHAJAN-082 PRABHAV MISHRA-0 PRATEEK KUMAR-096 VAIBHAV JAIN-164 “Why should a financial engineer be paid four, four times... to a hundred times more than the real engineer? A real engineer build bridges, a financial engineer build, build dreams. And when those dream turn out to be nightmares, other people pay for it.” - Andrew Sheng “Contrary to the vulgar belief that men are motivated primarily by materialistic considerations, we now see the capitalist system being discredited and destroyed all over the world, even though the system has given men the greatest material comforts” - Ayn Rand “In fact, there is ultimately a limit to how much regulation can do. In the final analysis, you could write all the rules you want, but there has to be a philosophy of ethical behaviour that comes from human beings operating in a professional way” – William H. Donaldson, CFA “The global crisis was caused by “the over-50s not knowing what the under-30’s were doing” – Johann Rupert, Remgro Chairman “The first casualty of a downturn is truth” - Financial Times Columnist 30 Sept 2008 Introduction- The banking crisis was triggered by largely unregulated trading of complex financial instruments, including mortgaged-backed...
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...Your First Date with a Girl Information provided by Disabled World - Published: 2009-02-12 So you successfully got a gorgeous girls phone number and it's time for you to go on the first date? Are you feeling nervous? Don't worry, guys. That's perfectly normal | The fact of the matter is that we all get nervous at some point. It's not whether or not you get nerves; it's how you handle those nerves. When you are on a date with a girl you hardly know it's always best to move at a nice pace and not force anything. There will be many openings throughout the night (if she likes you that is). Signals and positive body languages will permeate her soft skin. So you will know if she wants you to take a step further (inviting you in) or stay at bay (telling you to stay back). So how will you know if you are having a good first date? The first date is the most important date because it sets the tone. Does she feel like the date can go forever? Or does she keep looking at her watch and wondering why the time is moving so slowly? I will show you how to have the perfect first date and not screw things up. Follow these rules and she will ask you to follow her home... First thing is first... always be kind and respectful to her. I don't care if you think she is just a fling or a one night stand; treat her with some type of respect and dignity. All women like to feel cherished and appreciated. Compliment her on her beauty. Remember, she took the whole day just to get ready for the date...
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...THE ACCIDENTAL PRIME MINISTER THE ACCIDENTAL PRIME MINISTER THE MAKING AND UNMAKING OF MANMOHAN SINGH SANJAYA BARU VIKING Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Books India Pvt. Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi 110 017, India Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario, M4P 2Y3, Canada (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Penguin Ireland, 25 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) Penguin Group (Australia), 707 Collins Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3008, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) Penguin Group (NZ), 67 Apollo Drive, Rosedale, Auckland 0632, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) Penguin Group (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, Block D, Rosebank Office Park, 181 Jan Smuts Avenue, Parktown North, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England First published in Viking by Penguin Books India 2014 Copyright © Sanjaya Baru 2014 All rights reserved 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The views and opinions expressed in this book are the author’s own and the facts are as reported by him which have been verified to the extent possible, and the publishers are not in any way liable for the same. ISBN 9780670086740 Typeset in Bembo by R. Ajith Kumar, New Delhi Printed at Thomson Press India...
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...Th e T yranny of Gui lt • Pa s c a l B ru c k n e r Translated from the French by s t ev e n r e n da l l The tyranny of Guilt An Essay on Western Masochism • P r i n c e t o n u n i v e r si t y P r e s s Princeton and Oxford english translation copyright © 2010 by Princeton university Press First published as La tyrannie de la pénitence: essai sur le masochisme occidental by Pascal Bruckner, copyright © 2006 by Grasset & Fasquelle Published by Princeton university Press, 41 William street, Princeton, new Jersey 08540 in the united kingdom: Princeton university Press, 6 oxford street, Woodstock, oxfordshire OX20 1TW press.princeton.edu all rights reserved library of congress cataloging-in-Publication data Bruckner, Pascal. [tyrannie de la pénitence. english] The tyranny of guilt: an essay on Western masochism / Pascal Bruckner; translated from the French by steven rendall. p. cm. includes index. isBn 978-0-691-14376-7 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. civilization, Western— 20th century. 2. civilization, Western—21st century. 3. international relations—Moral and ethical aspects. 4. Western countries—Foreign relations. 5. Western countries—intellectual life. 6. Guilt 7. self-hate (Psychology) 8. World politics. i. title. CB245.B7613 2010 909’.09821--dc22 2009032666 British library cataloging-in-Publication data is available cet ouvrage, publié dans le cadre d’un programme d’aide à la publication, bénéficie du soutien du Ministère des affaires étrangères et du service...
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...CALIFORNIA CALIFORNIA An Interpretive History TENTH EDITION James J. Rawls Instructor of History Diablo Valley College Walton Bean Late Professor of History University of California, Berkeley TM TM CALIFORNIA: AN INTERPRETIVE HISTORY, TENTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions © 2008, 2003, and 1998. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1234567890 QFR/QFR 10987654321 ISBN: 978-0-07-340696-1 MHID: 0-07-340696-1 Vice President & Editor-in-Chief: Michael Ryan Vice President EDP/Central Publishing Services: Kimberly Meriwether David Publisher: Christopher Freitag Sponsoring Editor: Matthew Busbridge Executive Marketing Manager: Pamela S. Cooper Editorial Coordinator: Nikki Weissman Project Manager: Erin Melloy Design Coordinator: Margarite Reynolds Cover Designer: Carole Lawson Cover Image: Albert Bierstadt, American (born...
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...Contents Preface Acknowledgments Introduction 1 BRAIN POWER Myth #1 Most People Use Only 10% of Their Brain Power Myth #2 Some People Are Left-Brained, Others Are Right-Brained Myth #3 Extrasensory Perception (ESP) Is a Well-Established Scientific Phenomenon Myth #4 Visual Perceptions Are Accompanied by Tiny Emissions from the Eyes Myth #5 Subliminal Messages Can Persuade People to Purchase Products 2 FROM WOMB TO TOMB Myth #6 Playing Mozart’s Music to Infants Boosts Their Intelligence Myth #7 Adolescence Is Inevitably a Time of Psychological Turmoil Myth #8 Most People Experience a Midlife Crisis in | 8 Their 40s or Early 50s Myth #9 Old Age Is Typically Associated with Increased Dissatisfaction and Senility Myth #10 When Dying, People Pass through a Universal Series of Psychological Stages 3 A REMEMBRANCE OF THINGS PAST Myth #11 Human Memory Works like a Tape Recorder or Video Camera, and Accurate Events We’ve Experienced Myth #12 Hypnosis Is Useful for Retrieving Memories of Forgotten Events Myth #13 Individuals Commonly Repress the Memories of Traumatic Experiences Myth #14 Most People with Amnesia Forget All Details of Their Earlier Lives 4 TEACHING OLD DOGS NEW TRICKS Myth #15 Intelligence (IQ) Tests Are Biased against Certain Groups of People My th #16 If You’re Unsure of Your Answer When Taking a Test, It’s Best to Stick with Your Initial Hunch Myth #17 The Defining Feature of Dyslexia Is Reversing Letters Myth #18 Students Learn Best When Teaching Styles Are Matched to...
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...Acclaim for THE LEAN STARTUP Acclaim for THE LEAN STARTUP “The Lean Startup isn’t just about how to create a more successful entrepreneurial business; it’s about what we can learn from those businesses to improve virtually everything we do. I imagine Lean Startup principles applied to government programs, to health care, and to solving the world’s great problems. It’s ultimately an answer to the question How can we learn more quickly what works and discard what doesn’t?” —Tim O’Reilly, CEO, O’Reilly Media “Eric Ries unravels the mysteries of entrepreneurship and reveals that magic and genius are not the necessary ingredients for success but instead proposes a scienti c process that can be learned and replicated. Whether you are a startup entrepreneur or corporate entrepreneur, there are important lessons here for you on your quest toward the new and unknown.” —Tim Brown, CEO, IDEO “The road map for innovation for the twenty-first century. The ideas in The Lean Startup will help create the next industrial revolution.” —Steve Blank, lecturer, Stanford University, UC Berkeley Hass Business School “Every founding team should stop for forty-eight hours and read The Lean Startup. Seriously, stop and read this book now.” —Scott Case, CEO, Startup America Partnership “The key lesson of this book is that startups happen in the present —that messy place between the past and the future where nothing happens according to PowerPoint. Ries’s ‘read and react’ approach to this sport, his...
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...School of Marketing Curtin Business School Consumer Acceptance and Response to SMS Advertising Kyle Jamieson This thesis is presented for the degree of the Master’s of Philosophy of Curtin University 1 March 2012 DECLARATION To the best of my knowledge and belief this thesis contains no material previously published by any other person except where due acknowledgement has been made. This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university. Signed 25/03/2011 2 ABSTRACT The rising market penetration of the mobile phone and rapid increase in wireless technology represent significant opportunities for advertisers to reach consumers. Mobile phone advertising has emerged as one of the fastest growing advertising mediums in recent times, and this rise is being led by Short Message Service (SMS) advertising. Despite the growing number of worldwide companies adopting SMS advertising, very little is understood about consumer reactions to this medium. In particular, little academic research has been conducted on consumers’ acceptance of this medium and their behavioural responses to advertising messages. In addition, researchers have thus far been unable to identify the impact of culture on acceptance and response to SMS advertising. This research aims to bridge the gap between academic knowledge and advertising practice by testing...
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...Acclaim for THE LEAN STARTUP “The Lean Startup isn’t just about how to create a more successful entrepreneurial business; it’s about what we can learn from those businesses to improve virtually everything we do. I imagine Lean Startup principles applied to government programs, to health care, and to solving the world’s great problems. It’s ultimately an answer to the question How can we learn more quickly what works and discard what doesn’t?” —Tim O’Reilly, CEO, O’Reilly Media “Eric Ries unravels the mysteries of entrepreneurship and reveals that magic and genius are not the necessary ingredients for success but instead proposes a scientific process that can be learned and replicated. Whether you are a startup entrepreneur or corporate entrepreneur, there are important lessons here for you on your quest toward the new and unknown.” —Tim Brown, CEO, IDEO “The road map for innovation for the twenty-first century. The ideas in The Lean Startup will help create the next industrial revolution.” —Steve Blank, lecturer, Stanford University, UC Berkeley Hass Business School “Every founding team should stop for forty-eight hours and read The Lean Startup. Seriously, stop and read this book now.” —Scott Case, CEO, Startup America Partnership “The key lesson of this book is that startups happen in the present—that messy place between the past and the future where nothing happens according to PowerPoint. Ries’s ‘read and react’ approach to this sport, his relentless focus on validated...
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...La cuestión criminal 1 Eugenio Raúl Zaffaroni Suplemento especial de PáginaI 2 1 1. La academia, los medios y los muertos En cualquier lugar de la superficie de este planeta se habla de la cuestión criminal. Es casi lo único de que se habla –en competencia con el fútbol, que es arte complejo–, mientras pocos parecen darse cuenta de que molestamos demasiado al planeta y le podemos provocar un estornudo que nos proyecte violentamente a quién sabe dónde (por no usar alguna expresión poco académica). Se habla, se dice, con ese se impersonal del palabrerío. Y lo más curioso es que casi todos creen tener la solución o, por lo menos, emiten opiniones. Claro que se habla al compás de juicios asertivos en tono sentenciador emitidos por los medios masivos de comunicación, a veces en manos de grandes corporaciones transnacionales enredadas con otras que les disputan el poder a los Estados bastante impotentes del mundo globalizado. Es indispensable escuchar lo que se habla para no quedar soliloqueando, como suele pasar en el mundo académico. Y en nuestro país y en los otros por los que a veces me desplazo se habla de la cuestión criminal como de un problema local. Las soluciones pasan por condenar a uno u otro personaje o institución, pero siempre hablando de un problema local, nacional, provincial, a veces casi municipal. Pocos se dan cuenta de que se trata de una cuestión mundial, en la que se está jugando el meollo más profundo de la forma futura de convivencia e incluso quizá del...
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...The Lauder GLobaL business insiGhT reporT 2014 rebalancing the Global economy Lauder-Report-2014.indd 1 12/18/13 12:07 PM Introduction The Lauder GLobaL business insiGhT reporT 2014 rebalancing the Global economy In this special report, students from the Joseph H. Lauder Institute of Management & International Studies examine current trends and recent developments shaping today’s global marketplace. The articles cover a wide variety of topics ranging from technology, innovation and brand building to infrastructure, entrepreneurship and social impact. A section on consumer markets looks at the popularity of e-cigarettes in France and elsewhere, efforts by Japanese firms to expand their businesses into Asia, new trends in French gastronomy, changes in Japan’s traditional food-consumption habits, and how a sector of the Chinese population is spreading, and spending, its newfound wealth. The report offers an analysis linking market-driven strategies with social impact in Peru and Colombia, as well as an article describing South Carolina’s embrace of innovative research. Other articles look at the Russian government’s attempt to reboot the city of Skolkovo as an innovation hub, the mixed success of innovation efforts in China, and the growing threat of cybercrime to businesses across the world. The challenges of infrastructure and planning are addressed in analyses of transportation in areas of Latin America, deficiencies in Brazil’s infrastructure, and real estate’s...
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