...Middle East, Australasia and China, as said by the UN-backed World Health Organization (WHO). A recent research reveals that Obesity in pregnancy causes a tremendous danger to the wellbeing of the unborn infant. Infants of overweight mothers are born as pre-diabetics or with severe birth imperfections that can cause kidney or heart disease, besides other troubles. These issues much strengthens in the age group 1year to 10 years. Overeating in pregnancy can have significant and numerous precarious health impacts on an unborn infant.[1] In this research paper, I have analyzed several factors of obesity in pregnant mothers that lead to health issues for their unborn infants and it will affect them through their lives. I have conducted a comprehensive interview with Executive Director of “The Consumer Wellness Center”, Mike Adams, who in detail describes the dangers associated with obesity in mothers and its effects on their children. Further a latest about the issue has been analyzed with a recommendation to mothers on how they can avoid this increasingly spread health concern followed by a comprehensive conclusion. Summary of Observations The most prominent finding of our analysis is the devastating consequence that mother’s pre-expectancy weight standing has on a minor’s risk of being plump. The infant of a mother who was fat pre-pregnancy is more or less two times as expected to be fat by the time they reach youth,...
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...Introduction In the public debate over obesity it is often assumed the widespread availability of fast food restaurants is an important determinant of obesity rates. Policy makers in several cities have responded by restricting the availability or content of fast food, or by requiring posting of the caloric content of the meals (Abdollah, 2007; Mcbride, 2008; Mair et al. 2005). But the evidence linking fast food and obesity is not strong. Much of it is based on correlational studies in small data sets. In this paper we seek to identify the causal effect of increases in the supply of fast food restaurants on obesity rates. Specifically, using a detailed dataset on the exact geographical location of restaurants, we ask how proximity to fast food affects the obesity rates of over 3 million school children and the weight gain of 3 million pregnant women. For school children, we observe obesity rates for 9th graders in California over several years, and we are therefore able to estimate cross-sectional as well as fixed effects models that control for characteristics of schools and neighborhoods. In the fixed effects models we focus on the openings of new restaurants and compare the difference in the change over time in obesity rates between schools that are located .1 miles from a new fast food restaurant and schools that are located .25 miles or more from a new fast food restaurant. For mothers, we employ the information on weight gain during pregnancy reported in the Vital Statistics...
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...Childhood obesity is a growing problem in the United States. Preventing obesities should be started before pregnancy and continued during pregnancy, and childhood. A woman who is at a healthy weight before pregnancy is less likely to have serious complications during pregnancy and her baby is also less likely to be born, preterm, have birth defects or face childhood obesity. (www.marchofdimes.com) Often, parents have limited knowledge about proper nutrition. They may not recognize the consequences of child obesities. Parents should be taught that obesity could lead to hypertension heart disease, diabetes, and many more related diseases. Preventing child obesities requires family involvement. If Parents make poor nutritional choices and have sedentary life styles, their children will mimic them (www.jfponline.com). It is the nurses’ professional responsibility to educate families and assist them with formulating a strategy of proper nutritional, active, and healthy lifestyle. Nurses can teach parents about the right portion size and come up with strategies to encourage children to increase activity and decrease their TV and game time. Nurses can make a difference by raising awareness for childhood obesities, at national and local government levels, through lobbing and being involved in national organizations and community or local healthcare forces. (Maville, &Huerta, p.56) Nurses are very powerful and trusted by the public; they can fight childhood obesity through...
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...Pregnancy: The Fight to Survive Sociology Research Paper Tri-County Technical College November 24, 2014 ABSTRACT Objectives: To research the causes of death during childbirth and infancy in nations around the world. To examine related health concerns of birth rate, death rate, birth defects, and how access to medical care in different nations contribute to the birth and survival of the fetus. Reviewing statistics of birth rates in all income nations and the overall affect on the population. Applying the Social Conflict theory as it relates to views on pregnancy. Explore different ideas on how to change declining birth rates and promote better health care for all nations. Key Words: Pregnancy, birth rates, death rates , birth defects,social conflict, health care associated with pregnancy. INTRODUCTION In December of 2013, The World Health Organization (WHO) conveyed a consultation on improving the measurement of quality of maternal, newborn, and child care in health facilities. This annual report proposed 19 core indicators for reporting on the quality of MNHC care in nations around the globe. While some key interventions have increased over the past decade, little progress has been made in the quality of care in some health care facilities around the world. The amount of health care coverage provided to mothers, newborns, and children in low income nations is very minimal compared to high income nations particularly in the United States where health care and...
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...during infancy and toddlerhood Nutrition is one of the basic building blocks of the human body. From pregnancy through toddler hood the fetus is growing and developing at a faster rate than at any other time in its life. The proper balance of nutrition can be the difference in birth weight, birth defects, and obesity. Too little energy, protein, and nutrients during this sensitive period can lead to lasting deficits in cognition, social, and emotional development. The importance of nutrition in pregnancy cannot be overstated. Proper nutrition, from conception through the first year of life, is a key factor to healthy growth and development in a baby. Not only do we need to be concerned with what is eaten we also need to look at how much is eaten. Good nutrition maintains maternal energy requirements, provides the underlying layer for the development of the new fetus tissues, and builds energy reserves for postpartum lactation. “Recommendations for prenatal nutrition have traditionally been directed at two clinical arenas, weight gain in pregnancy and dietary intake in pregnancy.” (Booker, C.J. 2010) Conversely, over nutrition can have just as negative an affect as malnutrition? Increasing the awareness of infant nutrition is especially critical now as the U.S. faces escalating rates of obesity across all segments of the population. And yet the debate over obesity often ignores the importance of infant nutrition in the first year of life. (Hedley, A.A. 2004) And although...
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...Recommendation for intake of whole-grains Definitions of the Dietary Reference Intakes Information included on a food label Nutrient fortification vs. enrichment of food Know how to calculated % total kcals from fat, carb, protein: e.g., for a 2000-kcal diet with 25% kcals from fat, how many grams fat are consumed? Types of food label health claims allowed by FDA Vegetarian diets – health benefits; nutrients of concern Ch 17 Nutrition care & assessment Calculation of BMI Major responsibilities for patient nutrition care assumed by MD, RD, RN Define/describe Medical Nutrition Therapy Biochemical indicators of nutrition status Methods of food intake assessment Understand “functional assessment” Ch 14 Pregnancy, Lactation Dietary Guidelines 2010 specific to women capable of becoming pregnant and pregnant women Define, describe pica Describe the concept of critical periods in...
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...Hispanic Women and Pregnancy: Cultural Factors and Predisposition Hispanic women have the second highest rate of obesity in the U.S. population at 76% (BabyCenter, 2011). Cultural factors that contribute to obesity among Hispanic women include unhealthy diets, lack of exercise, and acceptance of larger body types. During pregnancy, obesity can cause serious complications that include labor and delivery complications, birth defects, fetal and neonatal death, and delivery of a large baby (BabyCenter, 2011). Overweight pregnant women also run a greater risk of developing high blood pressure with swelling in the hands and feet (preeclampsia), and high sugar levels in the blood stream while pregnant (gestational diabetes). Hispanic women are more likely to develop pregnancy complications if overweight with a family history of high sugar levels in the blood stream (diabetes) or high blood pressure (BabyCenter, 2011). Preeclampsia: Preeclampsia is the most common complication of pregnancy. Preeclampsia is characterized by high blood pressure, protein in the urine, and increased swelling of the arms, hands, legs, and feet after 20 weeks of pregnancy. Preeclampsia is seen more often in teenagers and in women over 35 years of age (Ladewig, London, & Olds, 1998). Gestational Diabetes: Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar levels in the blood stream that has its onset or is first recognized during pregnancy (Ladewig, London, & Olds, 1998). If pregnant women have high of...
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...to support and educate patients to better understand what they can do to maintain optimal health and/or achieve better health. There are three levels of health promotion and include primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary health promotion is the education to prevent disease. The goal is to reduce the patient’s risk for disease. This can be done through several different ways of education. One example is preventing childhood obesity. In an article in the American Journal of Public Health, (AJPH), August 2012, it discussed a project called Be Our Voice. The project was created by several organizations including the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), the California Medical Association Foundation, the National Initiative for Children’s Healthcare Quality, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (McPherson, Mirkin, Heatherley, & Homer, 2012). The Be Our Voice project sought health care providers ranging from nurses, dentists, physical therapists, physician assistants to physicians for training and support to advocate for prevention of childhood obesity. Their primary...
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...nurse-managed health clinic (NMHC) in downtown Phoenix are in particular advantageous position to help address the problem of maternal obesity, because their primary cliental is college age students as well as other women of childbearing age in the local community. This evidence supporting preconception care will be presented to the clinical board for the ASU-NMHC, as well as financial supporters for the unique position they are in to drive this cost effective program to improve the health of future generations. These CHM encounter women of childbearing age during clinical visits and can begin to provide preconception education during clinical visits. They can be proactive in identifying those whom are at high risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Education about the effects of high risk health behaviors early before pregnancy and the effect on future children will reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes. Women who are appropriately informed with evidenced-based education will be empowered to make better choices about their health. They will be more likely to adapt positive health strategies to reduce a BMI greater than 30 with improved nutrition and physical activity, as well as decrease high risk behaviors. CHMs can also be proactive in providing information about appropriate weight gain, physical activity, stress management, and nutritious eating during pregnancy. The CHM can help clients’ structure meal plans, and exercise goals, and follow their progress during each visit. By addressing...
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...Obesity HCA/250 March 2, 2014 University of Phoenix Obesity One of the leading causes of death in America today is Obesity. There are many different reasons a person will become obese. Whether it be gender, income, age or race it is still an epidemic and a health issue that needs to be addressed. When looking into the issue not only causes need to be addressed, the ways to prevent also need to be cited. People who are obese might not know how to get the help that they need, but education will help them learn. Living in Pennsylvania my entire life I have seen the obesity population grow from minor to major over the past twenty years. The town is better known as the “Mountains”, and is a large tourist and college town that borders New Jersey, and within two hours of New York City. With the school district noticing that childhood obesity is on the rise, there is only one psychological educational program that is offered for both children and adults. The program is called “Healthy in the Poconos”. Healthy in the Poconos offers counseling, education, nutrition counselors, and low cost fitness trainers for the community to access. Healthy in the Poconos on the outside seems like a great program but when researching the program in its entirety there is not a lot of education from professionals that can assist the community fight the ever growing obesity problem. Improvements that I would do immediately. First I would look into the funding. There doesn’t seem to be a lot of...
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...Obesity HCA/250 March 2, 2014 University of Phoenix Obesity One of the leading causes of death in America today is Obesity. There are many different reasons a person will become obese. Whether it be gender, income, age or race it is still an epidemic and a health issue that needs to be addressed. When looking into the issue not only causes need to be addressed, the ways to prevent also need to be cited. People who are obese might not know how to get the help that they need, but education will help them learn. Living in Pennsylvania my entire life I have seen the obesity population grow from minor to major over the past twenty years. The town is better known as the “Mountains”, and is a large tourist and college town that borders New Jersey, and within two hours of New York City. With the school district noticing that childhood obesity is on the rise, there is only one psychological educational program that is offered for both children and adults. The program is called “Healthy in the Poconos”. Healthy in the Poconos offers counseling, education, nutrition counselors, and low cost fitness trainers for the community to access. Healthy in the Poconos on the outside seems like a great program but when researching the program in its entirety there is not a lot of education from professionals that can assist the community fight the ever growing obesity problem. Improvements that I would do immediately. First I would look into the funding. There doesn’t seem to be a lot of...
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...Part 2: Critical review on the “Effect of Exercise during Pregnancy on the Outcomes of Pregnancy. Introduction: The World Health Organisation (WHO) defined pregnancy as the period where a woman bears a growing baby in her womb, which were a moment of bliss and perfection for most mothers [1]. Nonetheless, both the mother and her growing offspring are susceptible for numerous health complications. For this reason, various approach can be used to overcome these risks. One of them is exercising during pregnancy because problems regarding pregnancy and labour are unlikely to occur for active women [2]. There are several researches that proved prenatal exercise will improve maternal and neonatal outcomes [3][4][5][6]. Benefits of exercise during pregnancy for mothers: A research done by Barakat, Pelaez [3] which is “Exercise during pregnancy and gestational diabetes-related adverse effect: a...
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...Gestational diabetes happens when your body can’t make enough insulin during pregnancy. According to the website during pregnancy, your body makes more hormones and goes through other changes, such as weight gain. These changes cause your body’ cells to use insulin less effectively. My advice or action that are needed to help a woman with Gestational Diabetes reduce the risk of having these complications in her pregnancy would be, to lose some extra weight and increase physical activity levels before getting pregnant. She would also want to continue with activity during pregnancy. She would also want to eat healthy during pregnancy and not a lot of junk food. If she is unable to maintain the desired blood sugar levels with meal planning and...
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...Obesity HCA/250 March 2, 2014 University of Phoenix Obesity One of the leading causes of death in America today is Obesity. There are many different reasons a person will become obese. Whether it be gender, income, age or race it is still an epidemic and a health issue that needs to be addressed. When looking into the issue not only causes need to be addressed, the ways to prevent also need to be cited. People who are obese might not know how to get the help that they need, but education will help them learn. Living in East Stroudsburg Pennsylvania my entire life I have seen the obesity population grow from minor to major over the past twenty years. The town is better known as the “Poconos”, and is a large tourist and college town that borders New Jersey, and within two hours of New York City. With the school district noticing that childhood obesity is on the rise, there is only one psychological educational program that is offered for both children and adults. The program is called “Healthy in the Poconos”. Healthy in the Poconos offers counseling, education, nutrition counselors, and low cost fitness trainers for the community to access. Healthy in the Poconos on the outside seems like a great program but when researching the program in its entirety there is not a lot of education from professionals that can assist the community fight the ever growing obesity problem. Improvements that I would do immediately. First I would look into the funding. There doesn’t seem to...
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...Nicole Andrews P.Killough English 114 15 March 2014 What factors can lead to obesity? Obesity has become an epidemic battle that experts are still trying to understand. What causes obesity? Various combinations can cause this problem. This epidemic affects half the population. To help end an epidemic battle with obesity we need to find out its leading factors. So many factors lead to obesity it can be a complex combination of lifestyle choices. Many people now a days aren't physically active spending hours in front of their television or computer spending most of the day doing work, school work, or leisure actives. From my own experience I spend about 2 or more hours in front of the television or computer. People who are inactive gain weight due to the fact that they do not burn the calories that they take in from eating and drink. Inactive lifestyle raises other health risk such as heart attack, diabetes, high blood pressure, colon cancer, and many other health problems. “Other reasons for not being active include: relying on cars instead of walking, fewer physical demands at work or at home because of modern technology and conveniences, and lack of physical education classes in schools(NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute). “Our environment doesn't support healthy lifestyle habits; in fact, it encourages obesity” (NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute). Most people don’t have time for physical actives with working long hours and or attending...
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