...Literature Review: Enlarged Tracheoesophageal Puncture after Total Laryngectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Name Affiliation Date ABSTRACT Objectives: Enlargement of the tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) is a challenging complication after laryngectomy with TEP. We sought to estimate the rate of enlarged puncture, associated pneumonia rates, potential risk factors, and conservative treatments excluding complete surgical TEP closure. Methods: A systematic review was conducted (1978–2008). A summary risk estimate was calculated using a random-effects meta-analysis model. Results: Twenty-seven peer-reviewed manuscripts were included. The rate of enlarged puncture and/or leakage around the prosthesis was reported in 23 articles (range, 1% to 29%; summary risk estimate, 7.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.8% to 9.6%). Temporary removal of the prosthesis and TEP- site injections were the most commonly reported conservative treatments. Prosthetic diameter (p =.076) and timing of TEP (p = .297) were analyzed as risk factors; however, radiotherapy variables were inconsistently reported. Conclusions: The overall risk of enlarged puncture seems relatively low, but it remains a rehabilitative challenge. Future research should clearly establish risk factors for enlarged puncture and optimal conservative management. Keywords: tracheoesophageal puncture, total laryngectomy, enlarged tracheoesophageal puncture, complications, leakage Enlarged Tracheoesophageal Puncture after Total...
Words: 6352 - Pages: 26
...In this discussion I will give a brief summary on two types of data collection methods and give examples of pros and cons for each method. OBSERVATIONAL STUDY Observational study is a method of data collection that involves a process of watching any given type of situation and recording the data that is observed. Depending on how and what data is being observed depends on the type of tool the researcher will want to use in order to collect their information. The researcher conducting this type of study is a passive observer and does not tamper in any way with the variable of interest or any factors that may affect it. When recording observation data, you have to remember that all answers are from your own perception and there is no right or wrong answer. In the observational study that I researched, researchers wanted to know if CCBs associated with LUTS in males. This was conducted on 38 males which ranged from the ages of 46 to 89 years old, with the median age being 67 for about five years. According to the study, calcium channel blockers associated to 100% of the lower urinary tract symptoms within a 38 males. A few disadvantages of the observational data method are that some of the research conducted can be subject to the researcher’s biases. This is mainly due to the perception of the researcher. The researcher may also miss important milestones that may need it to have been observed. Because of the fact there is limited control with this method; people conducting...
Words: 827 - Pages: 4
...find examples of studies that used two different methods of data collection. Paragraph 1: Describe the data collection method used in one study. (Be sure to cite the article which must be from one of AIU’s full-text databases) Paragraph 2: Using the knowledge you gained from the textbook, discuss the pros and cons of the data collection method. (Cite the textbook) Paragraph 3: Describe a different data collection method used in another study. (Be sure to cite the article which must be from one of AIU’s full-text databases) Paragraph 4: Again, using the knowledge you learned from the textbook, discuss the pros and cons of the data collection method. (Cite the textbook) In this discussion I will give a brief summary on two types of data collection methods and give examples of pros and cons for each method. OBSERVATIONAL STUDY Observational study is a method of data collection that involves a process of watching any given type of situation and recording the data that is observed. Depending on how and what data is being observed depends on the type of tool the researcher will want to use in order to collect their information. The researcher conducting this type of study is a passive observer and does not tamper in any way with the variable of interest or any factors that may affect it. When recording observation data, you have to remember that all answers are from your own perception and there is no right or wrong answer. In the observational study that I researched...
Words: 964 - Pages: 4
...costs are substantial. 2. Comparison One – Brotzeit VS Malones Irish Restaurant & Bar 2.1 Sales/Revenue Monetary gains are a good measure of success and a highly tangible KPI. Due to high start-up and recurring costs of the chosen outlets, increased revenue and hence profit would increase success and sustainability. Brotzeit takes the forefront for this aspect based not simply on their price points but also the consumption and revenue . Based on our observational research, Malones offers a set lunch at approximately $7 (includes main course, soup of the day and a non-alcoholic beverage) , which is extremely affordable compared to their regular prices where starters are $8 and above. Brotzeit does not run any set promotions. However, Brotzeit had (??%) more customers than Malones during the lunch peak hour from 12-3pm and a (??%) more sales of alcoholic beverages which is a high component of revenue for restaurant bars due to highly taxed alcohol in Singapore. Based on the calculations made from the observational study conducted on a typical day , the revenue of Brotzeit was significantly more than that of Malones. Brotzeit’s success is evident as they had hit their sales target for the lunch period while Malones did not. 2.2 Online Reviews Consumers of society today are highly tech savvy and 90% use the...
Words: 474 - Pages: 2
...Question Here | | Fill in the Blank | 1 points | Modify Remove | | Question Facts and figures related to a problem | Answer | Data | | Add Question Here | | Fill in the Blank | 1 points | Modify Remove | | Question Facts and figures that have already been recorded before the project at hand | Answer | Secondary data | | Add Question Here | | Fill in the Blank | 1 points | Modify Remove | | Question Facts and figures that are newly collected for the project | Answer | Primary data | | Add Question Here | | Fill in the Blank | 1 points | Modify Remove | | Question Facts and figures obtained by watching, either mechanically or in person, how people actually behave | Answer | Observational data | | Add Question Here | | Fill in the Blank | 1 points | Modify Remove | | Question Facts and figures obtained by asking people about their attitudes, awareness, intentions, and behaviors | Answer | Questionnaire data | | Add Question Here | | Fill in the Blank | 1 points | Modify Remove | | Question The use of computer networks that can store and process data | Answer | Information technology | | Add Question Here | | Fill in the Blank | 1 points | Modify Remove | | Question The extraction of hidden predictive information from large databases to find statistical links between consumer purchasing patterns and marketing actions |...
Words: 292 - Pages: 2
...Methodological Issues in Management Research Lee Sechrest, PhD Professor Department of Psychology University of Arizona Room 312 Tuscon, AZ 85721 White paper prepared for the Department of Veterans Affairs Management Research in VA Workshop, sponsored by the HSR&D Management Decision and Research Center November 19-20, 2001 Methodological Issues in Management Research Managers want to make good decisions. Any decisions will, by definition, be made on the basis of some presumed information. Even if a decision were to be made by throwing dice, that process would almost certain stem from “information” indicating that no better basis for the decision could be discerned, e.g., that a randomly determined choice would be likely to be better than a decision open to bias. At least to some extent, it is axiomatic that the better the information, the better the decisions. It is useful to distinguish between data, facts, and information. Data are simply observations, usually in the form of numbers thought to represent some systematic process underlying them, i.e., a process generating the numbers. Data do not mean anything or tell us anything until they are interpreted in some way. Merely to have an observation that on a particular day 43 patients were reported to have received a particular service is not in itself meaningful. Facts are merely data elevated in confidence to a point of suggested certainty. The observation that 43 patients received a service may be...
Words: 6205 - Pages: 25
...Improving Compliance to Treatment Plan in DM Patients Table of Contents Problem Identification 3 Literature Review 5 Critical Analysis and Evaluation of Literature 6 Formulation of Intervention Protocol for Clinical Problem 12 Proposed Intervention 12 Outcomes and Associated Evaluation Criteria 13 References 15 Appendix: Table 18 Improving Compliance to Treatment Plan in DM Patients INTRODUCTION The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2011) identified diabetes mellitus (DM) as a major public health disorder in the United States that results in one’s shortage of insulin or...
Words: 5024 - Pages: 21
...Observational techniques Observational studies are investigations where the researcher observes a situation and records what happens but does not manipulate an independent variable. Observational studies therefore tend to be high in ecological validity as there is no intervention and if the observer remains undetected the method avoids problems with demand characteristics. There are a number of different types of observational studies including naturalistic and controlled observations, non-participant and participant observations, structured and unstructured observations. Naturalistic observation is a research method commonly used by psychologists and other social scientists. This technique involves observing subjects in their natural environment. This type of research is often utilized in situations where conducting lab research is unrealistic, cost prohibitive, or would unduly affect the subject's behavior. Naturalistic observation differs from structured observation in that it involves looking at a behavior as it occurs in its natural setting with no attempts at intervention on the part of the researcher. A non-participant observation is a type of observational study whereby the researcher does not join in with the activity being observed. Controlled observation is a type of observational study where the conditions are contrived by the researcher. This type of observation may be carried out in a laboratory type situation and because variables are manipulated...
Words: 957 - Pages: 4
...Jessica Rose December 13, 2015 Student ID# 277419 XTT Task 1 BSN to MSN A Currently in my facility, we do not have a policy regarding geriatric and/or demented patients and pain control. I believe this needs to be changed because although we have an initial assessment protocol, we do not have any kind of protocol to control a geriatric or demented patients pain. Since demented patients are quite often left unable to communicate their feelings, I believe there would be, less adverse effects and better patient outcomes for this group of people and better satisfaction with their families. B There are many people associated with proposing the change within the facility. First would be to go through the assistant nurse manager and nurse manager who would then bring the proposal to the nursing and medical directors for the ER. The ANM and NM would have to decide whether the proposed change would be beneficial for the patients and their outcomes and do further research which they would then propose to the directors. From there, they would decide whether the research was sufficient enough to implement a change. C Full APA citation for at least 5 sources | Evidence Strength (1-7) and Evidence Hierarchy | 1. H., Bell, J., Karttunen, N. M., Nykänen, I. A., M., & Hartikainen, S. A. (2013). Analgesic Use and Frailty among Community-Dwelling Older People. Drugs & Aging, 30(2), 129-136. doi:10.1007/s40266-012-0046-8 | 2 and Experimental | ...
Words: 2413 - Pages: 10
...nurses experienced many interruptions whilst conducting medication rounds and this review will consider ways to minimise interruptions and thus improve patient safety. Using the PICO acronym a suitable research question was formulated, ‘do interruptions during medication rounds increase the drugs administration errors made by nurses?’ A short description of the literature search is given and a summary of findings is presented in tabular form. Five original articles were selected and one chosen to critically appraise (see appendix 2). The rest of the essay will focus on reviewing the five articles. It will furthermore demonstrate the link between interruptions during drug rounds and patient and nurse safety, consider the implications of the studies for nursing practice and include the nurse’s perspective of these interruptions. Dale (2005) defines EBP as ‘the nurse making conscious judgements...
Words: 4962 - Pages: 20
...after birth. It focuses on helping lower the psychological stress on the mother which occurs when their infant is in the NICU and also to encourage sensitive mother – infant connections. This program includes written information, observational exercises, one on one discussions and video feedback. This gives important knowledge to mothers of VLBW infants on how to cope with anxiety, the skill of how to interpret their infants’ behavior cues all while encouraging a sensitive mother- infant bond (Feeley, Zelkowitz, Westreich, & Dunkley, 2011). Purpose of the Study and Article The purpose of the article, “The Evidence Based for the Cues Program of Very Low Birth Weight Infants: An Innovative Approach to Reduce Anxiety and Support Sensitive Interactions,” which was published in The Journal of Perinatal Education, “is to outline the empirical evidence that guided the development of the innovative Cues intervention program as well as to describe the program.” The goal of developing the Cues intervention program was to make a program that could be assessed “for feasibility, efficacy, and effectiveness” (Feeley et al., 2011, p. 143). Summary of the Literature Review Feeley et al. (2011) references multiple well designed studies from Aarnoudse-Moens, Weisglas-Kuperus, van Goudoever, & Oosterlaan, 2009;...
Words: 738 - Pages: 3
...What is a Systematic Review? Frequently there will have been more than one study addressing a particular health question. In such circumstances it is logical to collect all these studies together and base conclusions on the cumulated results. However the same scientific principles as would be expected in the original studies need to be applied to the identification, sorting and analysis of potentially relevant studies. This is what is meant by a systematic review. The most obvious sign that a review is systematic will be the presence of a methods section. Meta-analysis is the statistical process of combining the results from several studies that is often part of a systematic review. What is a Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT)? An RCT is a type of interventional or experimental study design. Participants (individuals or groups) are randomly allocated to receive either the new intervention being tested or a control treatment (usually the standard treatment or a placebo). Each arm of the study is then followed up and the amount or severity of the disease measured in the intervention group and compared with the control group. RCTs are by definition prospective. What is a Qualitative study? A qualitative study examines the experiences and beliefs of people from their own perspective. It can take many forms including in-depth interviews and focus-groups with analysis attempting to identify underlying themes. Verbatim quotes of participants...
Words: 452 - Pages: 2
...Quantitative Methods and Analysis Unit 1 DB Leonidas Murembya July 22, 2013 My first choice is the face-to-face data collection method.The population health surveys trend to rely on five main methods of data collection, the one that I am doing is the Face-to-Face interview. Most of them in this study chose to do the face-to-face interview. The face-to-face is also known as FTF. The face-to-face interview method was done on the Population Surveys of Children’s Health and Wellbeing: Parental Views on Data Collection Content and Methods. (Waters, E., Davis, E (Nee Maher) & Mehmet-Radji, O., 2005-206). The face-to-face interview method could be done one on one or in a group setting. This study had been done on a group from Australian families with the children ranging from zero to twelve years of age. The face-to-face interview method is on their health status in which it has four subgroups for it, one is the health and wellbeing, the second one is the growth and development, third one is the mortality, the fourth one is morbidity and disability, as well as the fifth one is the safety and security. However, other professionals, such as doctors, do other studies and then there are also other kinds of face-to-face interview methods as well depending on what they are looking for in the child. There are several pros and cons for a face-to-face interview method. The cons would be that you would have a variety of communication (technology) (Editorial Board 2012). Then you would...
Words: 771 - Pages: 4
...for a 30 minutes at 10 a.m. to 10.30 a.m. In the first and second observations, researcher used the time sampling data sheet to record the frequency of problem behavior and determined the target behavior. After that, researcher used the ABC checklist in the third and fourth observations to identify the reasons and consequences of the occurrence of target behaviors. The interventions were planned to start on 6th of October to 20th of October for a total of five days. The duration of each intervention...
Words: 933 - Pages: 4
...this case control study, we note that VaD participants tend to have a higher lipid profile, do less exercise, and engage less frequently in social interaction and educational or reading activity. They have less fresh vegetables, fish and offal, but more deep fried food. This underscores the recommendation of a healthy lifestyle for the prevention of vascular cognitive impairment. Lipid disorder Elevated low-density lipoproteins cholesterol levels increases the risk for VaD in stroke patients,51 52 and also affects amyloid β processing and deposition causing dementia, in particular Alzheimer’s disease. 53 Although statin drugs are effective in preventing recurrent stroke both because of their lipid lowering effect and also their plaque-stabilising effects on vascular function and control over atherosclerosis, their effect on dementia is uncertain. A recent systematic review and...
Words: 552 - Pages: 3
