Osteoporosis
Author's Name
Institutional Affiliation

Osteoporosis
Introduction
Osteoporosis is a bone disease whereby the bone is prone to fracture. The name “osteoporosis”comes from a Greek word that means “ bone pore” (Rubenstein, et al 2007). What happens here is the bone mineral density (BMD) starts to reduce. The microarchitecture also reduces in the bone prompting the protein variety to be changed. WHO (1994) defines this condition as having a BMD of 2.5 standard deviation from the normal bone mass. Typically, there two types of osteoporosis namely: type 1 and type 2 .Type 1 osteoporosis mainly occurs in women after menopause. It is also referred to as “postmenopause osteoporosis”. Type 2 often happens after the age of 75. The latter affects men and women in the ratio of 1:2 respectively. There is also secondary osteoporosis which occurs in both men and women of all ages. This type of osteoporosis is rare as it is mostly as a result of lifestyle (Rubenstein, et al. 2007). Lifestyle change is key in the reduction of secondary osteoporosis (Calvert & Old, 2004). Diet change is essential in keeping the disease away. This entails a more healthy diet full of nutrients and loads of water. Exercise is also important but one has to keep in mind that the exercise regime has to be safe. By doing this one avoids fractures.
History of Osteoporosis
A biologist called Astley Cooper was the first to discover the existence of this condition. Nevertheless, Jean lobstein a pathologist from France was the first to uncover its pathological nature. Later on, scientist would discover that osteoporosis usually occurred after menopause. In 1960 scientists discovered Bisphosponates which were used to treat osteoporosis (Calvert & Old, 2004). .
Epidemiology
An estimated 55% of the American population has one form of the disease. Amongst these 55% an alarming 80%