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Offshore Windmolenpark

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De kracht van wind geeft energie!
Ik loop naar buiten, heerlijk, het waait. De wind streelt mijn gezicht en laat mijn haar dansen. Ik kijk om mij heen, bladeren worden met veel energie verplaatst. Gratis en onbeperkt waait de wind dagelijks over ons vlakke kikkerlandje heen. Met de kracht van wind, zee en techniek wil Nederland in 2020 ons land voor maar liefst 20% aan groene stroom voorzien (Rijksoverheid 2013). Duurzame energie, windmolenparken op zee maken het mogelijk (Rijksoverheid)! Dagelijks verbruiken wij fossiele brandstoffen. Van vroeg in de ochtend tot laat in de nacht rijden er voertuigen op aardolie en benzine en verbruiken wij aardgas om te koken, douchen en verwarmen (Duurzame-energiebronnen.nl 2013). De fossiele brandstoffen aardgas, aardolie en steenkool raken uitgeput en daarnaast zijn ze ook niet goed voor het milieu (Duurzameenergiebronnen.nl 2013). Regelmatig gebeuren er olierampen en een gaslek is ook geen zeldzame verschijning. Deze rampen en de CO2 die vrijkomt tijdens het verbranden van fossiele brandstoffen zijn extreem slecht voor ons milieu (NUON). Olierampen zorgen voor watervervuiling en veroorzaken daarmee een groot aantal dierlijke slachtoffers, verder zorgt de CO2 uitstoot voor de opwarming van de aarde met alle gevolgen van dien. Fossiele brandstofvoorraden zijn niet onbeperkt en vorming ervan gaat langzaam, te langzaam voor de hoeveelheden en snelheid waarmee wij het verbruiken (Milieucentraal). Willen wij zo blijven leven als nu, dan zullen er alternatieve bronnen moeten komen! Windmolenparken wekken schone energie op door middel van wind, een oneindige energiebron en daarmee een duurzaam alternatief (Duurzame-energiebronnen.nl 2013). In een land als Nederland lijkt het de beste oplossing, het waait er veel en op zee is er ruimte genoeg om windmolenparken te creëren. De zee geeft als locatie ook nog eens het voordeel dat de windkracht hoger is dan op land (Mann and Teilmann 2013). Dit lijkt mij een super oplossing! Helaas denkt daar niet iedereen hetzelfde over. Als bezwaar tegen windmolenparken wordt vaak horizonvervuiling aangehaald (GfK 2008). Maar kan horizonvervuiling zwaarder wegen dan milieuvervuiling door verbruik van fossiele brandstoffen? Het winnen en verbruik van fossiele brandstoffen is zeer slecht voor het milieu. Het winnen brengt gevaren als lekkages en instorten van mijnen met zich mee en tijdens het verbruik komt een grote hoeveelheid CO2 vrij wat bijdraagt aan het broeikaseffect. Beide zorgen voor de negatieve gevolgen van klimaatveranderingen (Milieucentraal). Er wordt ook vaak gesteld dat windmolenparken slecht zijn voor de ecologie. De aanleg zou het zeeleven verstoren en het gebruik ervan heeft negatieve gevolgen voor de daar levende en migrerende dieren. Onderzoeken geven echter aan dat door de aanleg van windmolenparken een nieuw habitat ontstaat op de zeebodem (S. Degraer, R. Brabant et al. 2010, Noordzeewind 2012). Zeeleven maakt hier optimaal gebruik van (H. J. Lindeboom, H. J. Kouwenhoven et al. 2011). IMARES heeft onderzoek gedaan naar de ecologische effecten van het offshore windpark voor de kust van Egmond. Daaruit blijkt dat de aalscholver het windpark gebruikt als kolonie- en rustplaats. Tijdens zijn vlucht over zee moet een aalscholver namelijk zijn vleugels laten drogen, het windmolenpark is hier uiterst geschikt voor (Mann and Teilmann 2013). Ook voor bijvoorbeeld bruinvissen en zeehonden zijn er geen negatieve effecten geconstateerd, enkel tijdens de bouw werd het windpark vermeden door zeehonden. De palen van de windmolens bieden voedsel en beschutting (er mag rond het windmolenpark niet gevist worden) voor andere vissen zoals kabeljauw (S. Degraer, R. Brabant et al. 2010, H. J. Lindeboom, H. J. Kouwenhoven et al. 2011, Mann and Teilmann 2013). Windenergie is een duurzaam en schoon alternatief van fossiele brandstof. De Offshore windmolenparken zorgen niet alleen voor schone energie, maar bieden ook een thuishaven voor zeeleven en vogels. Hiermee dragen wij toch nog een extra steentje bij en wordt ons milieu optimaal gespaard.

Literatuurlijst
Duurzame-energiebronnen.nl (2013). "Duurzame energie en alternatieve energiebronnen." Retrieved 30 oktober, 2013, from http://www.duurzame-energiebronnen.nl/. Duurzame-energiebronnen.nl (2013). "Windenergie als duurzame energiebron." Retrieved 30 oktober, 2013, from http://www.duurzame-energiebronnen.nl/windenergie.php. GfK, I. (2008). De beleving van het windpark voor de kust van egmond. T3-Meting. Hilversum, Intomart GfK. H. J. Lindeboom, et al. (2011). Short-term ecological effects of an offshore wind farm in the Dutch coastal zone; a compilation. The Netherlands, IOPSCIENCE. 6: 13. Mann, J. and J. Teilmann (2013). "Environmental impact of wind energy." Environmental Research Letters 8(3): 035001. Milieucentraal. "Fossiele brandstoffen." Bronnen van Energie. Retrieved http://www.milieucentraal.nl/themas/bronnen-van-energie/fossiele-brandstoffen. 30 oktober, 2013, from

Noordzeewind (2012). "Zeeleven profiteert van eerste offshore windpark van Nederland." Retrieved 29 oktober, 2013, from http://www.noordzeewind.nl/onderzoek-toont-aan-zeeleven-profiteert-van-eerste-offshore-windparkvan-nederland/. NUON. "Offshore Wind Farm." Egmond aan Zee Offshore Wind Farm. Retrieved 30 oktober, 2013, from http://www.nuon.com/company/Innovative-projects/noordzeewind.jsp. Rijksoverheid. "Windmolenparken op zee." Duurzame energie. Retrieved 29 oktober, http://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/duurzame-energie/windenergie/windenergie-op-zee. Rijksoverheid (2013). "Rijksbegrotingen 2013." Retrieved 30 http://www.rijksbegroting.nl/2013/voorbereiding/begroting,kst173862_10.html. oktober, 2013, 2013, from from

S. Degraer, et al. (2010). Offshore wind farms in the Belgian part of the North Sea: Early environmental impact assessment and spatio-temporal variability. Brussel, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Management Unit of the North Sea Mathematical Models. Marine ecosystem management unit. 184 pp. + annexes.

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