...October 10, 2011 The Arab Oil Embargo of 1973 The Arab oil embargo of 1973 resulted after the formation of Israel [ (American Business) ]. After WWII Israel was created. The formation of Israel upset surrounding Arab countries because they wanted “Israel to return to Arab land it had been occupying since 1967” [ (If Americans Knew) ]. During October 1973, “Egypt and Syria attacked Israel, starting the Yomkippur War” [ (American Business) ]. “Persian Gulf oil producers” wanted to weaken any ties between the United States and Israel. As a result of the United States helping Israel during the war, OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) decided to end all exports to the United States as well as any other western countries that supported Israel [ (American Business) ]. “Saudi Arabia’s King Faisal ibn Abdul Aziz had been warning the Nixon administration of an oil boycott” [ (If Americans Knew) ]. Even with warning from Saudi Arabia, the Nixon administration ignored any threats of an oil boycott. With the boycott, gas prices increased 45 percent [ (American Business) ]. Many business passed on the costs to their customers, while other businesses closed down. The oil embargo lasted only five months from October 17, 1973-March 17, 1974 [ (American Business) ]. Although it only lasted five months, the embargo affected the lives of many people long after it was over. Resulting from the embargo was a long term effect that encouraged “the government, businesses...
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...Being that the 1973 Oil Embargo was a major crisis that changed the way we consume energy today, it was surprisingly difficult to find a “lessons learned” report on the incident. I Google searched terms such as “1973 Oil Embargo lessons learned report”, “1973 Oil Crisis policy outcomes”, “1973 Oil Embargo aftermath”, and “1973 Oil Crisis synopsis”. I also searched the Department of Energy’s website for reports on the embargo and found relatively little information. It was not until I emailed you for help that I found documentation on the policy outcomes and reports on the 1973 Oil Embargo event (also known as the Arab Oil Embargo). The report I am using to analyze the crisis is from the Federal Energy Administration written in 1980 by Roger Anders. The report summarizes the outcomes resulting from the 1973 Oil Embargo—specifically, the establishment of the Federal Energy Administration, The Energy Policy and Conservation Act, The Energy Conservation and Production Act, and...
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...McDonald’s for failing to reduce the amount of trans fat the company used in its cooking process. In 2002, McDonald’s had publicly announced that, by February 2003, they would voluntarily begin using an “improved cooking oil” to prepare their fried foods. Do so would significantly reduce the amount of trans fat in their products by 48% ("Mcdonald's exposed for," 2004). McDonald’s withdrew their promise and did not switch over to a cooking oil with less trans fat, nor did they reveal to consumers that the conversion did not take place. The company claims that they changed their minds when customers began complaining that they did not want the taste of McDonald’s food to change (Horovitz, 2007). BTF accused McDonald’s of false advertising, deceiving consumers, and not taking the health of their consumers into consideration. In their lawsuit, BTF claimed that “McDonald's failed to make clear to customers that the type of oil used to fry its foods (which contains TFAs) had not been changed” ("Responsible shopper," 2005). BTF did not seek monetary damages, they only asked that McDonald’s publicize their failure to switch over to the healthier cooking oil and make that conversion as soon as possible. McDonald’s claimed that it was taking longer than expected to change to a new oil, but they were working on implementing the exchange. They did not provide any information as to how long they expected this to take. The company’s Chief Operating Officer stated that, "While speedy implementation...
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...Organic oils Organic oils are produced in remarkable diversity by plants, animals, and other organisms through natural metabolic processes. Lipid is the scientific term for the fatty acids, steroids and similar chemicals often found in the oils produced by living things, while oil refers to an overall mixture of chemicals. Organic oils may also contain chemicals other than lipids, including proteins, waxes and alkaloids. Lipids can be classified by the way that they are made by an organism, their chemical structure and their limited solubility in water compared to oils. They have a high carbon and hydrogen content and are considerably lacking in oxygen compared to other organic compounds and minerals; they tend to be relatively nonpolar molecules, but may include both polar and nonpolar regions as in the case of phospholipids and steroids.[6] Mineral oils Crude oil, or petroleum, and its refined components, collectively termed petrochemicals, are crucial resources in the modern economy. Crude oil originates from ancient fossilized organic materials, such as zooplankton and algae, which geochemical processes convert into oil.[7] The name is a misnomer, in that minerals are not the source of the oil - ancient plants and animals are. Mineral oil is organic. However, it is classified as "mineral oil" instead of as "organic oil" because its organic origin is remote (and was unknown at the time of its discovery), and because it is obtained in the vicinity of rocks, underground...
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...Anything NOT on the list is forbidden ... for now: Shellfish: Prawns are allowed during the attack phase 1 Lean beef and veal or rabbit, not pork or lamb (trim all fat and avoid ribs as too fatty). Eat meat grilled, roasted or boiled and without using butter, oil or cream (not even low-fat versions). You could also 'dry fry' it - rub the surface of a frying pan with a few drops of oil on kitchen paper. Lean minced beef can be prepared as burgers or meatballs (mixed with an egg, spices, capers or gherkins) or enjoy frozen beefburgers (if less than 10 per cent fat). 2 All chicken and turkey (not goose or farmed duck) but remove skin before eating and avoid the outside part of the wings (too fatty). 3 Ham if low-fat and lean, also cut rind off. Avoid deli, cured, and smoked hams (too fatty). 4 Beef, veal or chicken liver. 5 All fish white or oily, fresh, frozen, dried, smoked or canned (but not in oil or in any sauce containing fat), even crab sticks. 6 All crustaceans and shellfish. 7 Up to two eggs a day. Stick to 3 to 4 yolks per week if you have high cholesterol, but the white can be eaten without restriction. 8 Non-fat dairy products such as 0per cent yoghurt, fromage frais, quark, cottage cheese, and skimmed milk. Natural ( plain) and flavoured yoghurts (coconut, vanilla, lemon) are allowed without restriction, but non-fat fruit yoghurts (containing fruit puree) should be limited to two a day (or avoided if you want a lightning start to your attack phase)...
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...improve concentration and mental sharpness. Alan Hirsch MD studied peppermint's ability to directly affect the brain's satiety center, which triggers a sensation of fullness after meals. This powerful essential oil is often diluted before topical application. Peppermint may also be used to enhance the flavor of food and water. Peppermint has an approximate ORAC of 373,455 (TE/L). TE/L is expressed as micromole Trolox equivalent per liter. [pic] EarthKosher Certified How to Use For dietary, aromatic, or topical use. When using as a supplement, dilute one drop in 4 fl. oz. of liquid such as goat's or rice milk. Possible skin sensitivity. If pregnant or under a doctor's care, consult your physician. Dilution recommended for both topical and internal use. Do not apply neat to a fresh wound or burn. Dilute before using on sensitive areas such as the face, neck, genital area, etc. Keep out of reach of children. Avoid using on infants and very small children. Product Tips • Add a drop of peppermint essential oil to herbal tea to help aid normal digestion. • Massage several drops of peppermint essential oil on the abdomen, place a drop on wrists, or inhale to soothe the minor stomach discomfort associated with travel. • Rub one drop of peppermint essential oil on the temples, forehead, over the sinuses (careful to avoid contact with your eyes), and on the back of the neck to relieve...
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...given substance. Density can be expressed using the equation: ρ=mv Specific Gravity is the measure of the measure of density relative to the density of a reference substance. (ex. Water) In can be expressed using the equation: S.G. =ρ sub.ρ water=m ofsusbtancev of substancem of waterv of water If, Vsub=Vwater then, S.G. =MsubMwater 2. If 54.96 mL of oil weighs 52.78g, what is its specific gravity? Given: Voil = 54.96 mL Moil = 52.78 g Formula: ρ=mv S.G. =ρ sub.ρ water Solution: Voil = 52.78 g54.96 mL = 0.9603 gml S.G. =0.9603gml1gml = 0.9603 3. A pycnometer weighs 50.00g. When filled with water, it weighs 100.00g. When filled with oil, it weighs 94.00g. Determine the specific gravity of the oil. Given: mpycnomter = 50.00g mpycnometer + water = 100.00g mpycnometer + oil = 94.00g Formula: mwater = mpycnometer + water - mpycnometer moil = mpycnometer + oil - mpycnometer Since Voil = Vwater then; S.G. = MoilMwater Solution: mwater = 100.00g – 50.00g = 50.00g moil = 94.00g – 50.00g = 44.00g S.G. of oil = 44.00g50.00g = 0.88 4. An insoluble powder weighs 12.00g. A pycnometer, weighing 21.00g when empty, weighs 121.00g when filled with water. When the powder is introduced into the empties pycnometer, and the pycnometer is filled with water, the three together weighs 130.00g. What is the specific gravity of the powder? Given: mpowder = 12.00g mpycnometer = 21.00g =...
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...dependent on oil to what extent do you agree with this statement. As Fossil Fuels Dominate the Global energy situation, oil provides 34.8% of the world’s Energy being the number one source of energy in 4 out of 6 regions, especially in the Middle East with 50% and is also the number one extractor and exporter of oil. Oil Dependency is when a country is in need of oil to be able to function properly and without oil, it may crumble. Oil is the biggest single source of the world's energy. In the short-term vital public services like ambulances, fire-engines and public transport are all put in jeopardy when fuel supplies run low. The U.S. is the largest consumer of oil in the world, burning through 18.83 million barrels per day. Even if the U.S. produced all petroleum products domestically, Americans would still feel the shocks from market volatility. Oil is a global market, and market prices prevail regardless of origin. Despite policies to improve vehicle efficiency, America remains dependent on oil. This dependency presents several problems, especially in the long term. And it has happened before, The 1973 oil crisis began in October 1973 when the members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries proclaimed an oil embargo in response to American involvement in the 1973 Yom Kippur War. The US supplied Israel with arms. In response to this, OAPEC announced an oil embargo against Canada, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the US. The embargo occurred at...
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...dōTERRA is a company that sells certified pure therapeutic grade (CPTG) essential oils. These oils are used for healing, losing weight, lifting your mood, and many other purposes as well. They are made from the seeds, stems, roots, flowers, bark, and other parts of plants. They are produced to provide the most beneficial, all natural healthcare available today. There is one particular essential oil that I want to focus on. This oil is called Deep Blue. It is used for healing achy muscles, arthritis, headaches, and sore joints. It also comes in a lotion rub form that is very easy to apply to the area when needed. Deep Blue Rub is in a squeeze bottle that was made so that it doesn't take much effort to use. Anyone can easily open the lid and use this wonderful product. Deep Blue Rub is made out of the purest ingredients to be the most beneficial to those who suffer from pain or inflammation in muscles and joints. It is made from the essential oils: Wintergreen, Camphor, Peppermint, Blue Tansy, German Chamomile, Helichrysum, and Osmanthus (a flower located in China). I have used Deep Blue many times before. When I got injured and strained my muscle, I applied it to the area, and immediately felt relief. Not only did Deep Blue take the pain away, but it helped heal my strained muscle faster than it would have on its own. I have also suffered from knee injuries that caused me severe pain, inflammation, and swelling. I used Deep Blue Rub and I was able to do physical therapy without...
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...How Oil Prices are Established Did you realize that at our current consumption of crude oil and at our current status of known reserves, we have approximately 40 years of reserves remaining? This is a startling fact when we take into account all the products that are produced from refined crude oil or from its by-products. Many people are aware of the price increases they feel at the gas pump, but has anyone ever considered the cost or investment put forth in finding new reserves? Under the right conditions, oil would sometimes seep up to the surface, but in our times, the search for new reserves is more costly and dangerous. When considering how the price of crude oil and its by-products are determined, one must first look at the quantities available and the amount required by its users. Crude oil by itself is not a valuable product. The products that are refined from crude oil are where the value lies. Crude oil is refined down into such products as gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, propane and various flammable gasses, perfumes and insecticides. Some refined products from crude oil are also used as feed stocks in the production of other products like animal feed, plastics and other household items. With the expanding economies of various countries like China and Russia (Brown and Virmani 2007), the demand for these products has risen dramatically over the past four to five years. Many nations classified as third world countries are also increasing their need. Unfortunately...
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...different types of gas to fuel vehicles, heat their homes, or to cook meals for their families. One reason for the rise in the price of this resource stems from the lack of oil refineries used to produce gas. Fewer refineries leads to less of the product that is manufactured. When there is a high demand for a low turnout product the price usually tends to be higher. Another reason that the prices for gas and fuel to rise could be linked to weather conditions. Not only does it affect the shipment of crude oil, it also takes a toll on the oil rigs in the ocean. Along roadways storms may cause delays in an expected shipment of gasoline, or propane to stores. Other Natural disasters, such as earthquakes and hurricanes can also cause the shutdown of oil rigs, or the transportation of crude oil by ship to refineries. This again, shortens the supply of gas and could in turn raise prices. Furthermore, oil producing countries also control the price of gasoline in different ways. Taxes and embargos on crude oil, tariffs, and how much oil a country is willing to export are all major factors when gas prices are set. War in these countries can also affect the production, distribution, and consumption of this major resource. When a country is at war, it tends to use more, and produce less oil, or even raise the price on any oil it exports. Gas and fuel are almost a necessity in life, prices of both effect day to day life of nearly everyone worldwide. It is one thing that makes a...
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...Make Children Healthy using Oregano Oil An Investigatory Project Submitted by: Aaliyah Maxine Rochelle Pangan Grade 4 St. Catherine Submitted to: Ms. Casiñas II. Rationale Your community is where you live in with your neighbors, so you got to keep it safe and healthy. By observing your community, you may get to know about it, get to know its problems and investigate the source of the problems. It is exciting to investigate because you can help your community to solve the problem. The researcher observed that children don’t like to eat vegetables that much. This can cause problems in their nutrition. Even if they are young, their lives won’t last long because they lack vitamins and the proper diet to give them energy. She will make an experiment to help the children be healthy again and help her community become strong. III. Related Literature A. Oil and its Uses An oil is any neutral, nonpolar chemical substance that is a viscous liquid at ambient temperatures and is both hydrophobic (immiscible with water, literally "water fearing") and lipophilic (miscible with other oils, literally "fat loving"). Oils have a high carbon and hydrogen content and are usually flammable andslippery. The general definition of oil includes classes of chemical compounds that may be otherwise unrelated in structure, properties, and uses. Oils may be animal,vegetable, or petrochemical in origin, and may be volatile or non-volatile.[1] They are used for food, fuel,...
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...Exxon Mobil is an oil and gas company that was founded in 1999; a merger of Exxon and Mobil. It is a Descendant of John D Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Company (Exxon Mobil). Exxon is a US based company with its head quarters located in Irving Texas, even though it is considered an international corporation. Exxon Mobil is considered the world’s largest publicly traded international oil and gas company, and has even been ranked as the number one traded company in the world. Currently Exxon is traded on the New York Stock Exchange, is a Dow Jones Industrial Average Component as well as a S&P 500 Component (Exxon Mobil). When it comes to oil, Exxon Mobil does it all. With 102,700 employees, Exxon has broken its operations into two main categories Upstream and Downstream (Yahoo Finance). Exxon does partake in other types of operations such as it operates coal mines and has its own IT, real estate, help center, as well as an engineering and chemical research and development department which fall under the umbrella of Exxon Mobil Corp (Exxon Mobil). Exxon’s two main divisions are incredibly important in keeping its industry advantage, where the Upstream sector is responsible for the exploration of new resources in an efficient and economical manner. The Upstream sector also extracts resources and then deals with the wholesale and distribution of the minerals. The Down Stream operations include refining the mineral and managing retail operations and marketing. Due to Exxon’s vast...
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...December 2013 Executive Summary ExxonMobil is an American multinational oil and gas corporation that is headquartered in Irving, Texas. On November 30, 1999, Exxon and Mobil merged to become ExxonMobil. ExxonMobil is the largest publicly traded petroleum and petrochemical enterprise in the world (www.exxonmobil.com). The main activities of ExxonMobil are exploration, production, transportation and sale of crude oil and natural gas as well as the manufacture, transportation and sale of petroleum products (www.corporatewatch.org). This analysis will discuss the history of ExxonMobil. The analysis will identify the market structure and production decisions of the company. It will attempt to determine consumer demand. Through the findings of consumer demand the analysis will also attempt to determine the behavior and pricing strategies of ExxonMobil. It will also provide an explanation of management decisions. And, an explanation of management approaches to opportunities along with threats from macroeconomic expectations and implications. The analysis will also identify ExxonMobil’s competitors. Some common examples of competition are; Royal Dutch Shell, BP, and Chevron. The analysis will further discuss how the decisions of each individual company may affect similar companies in the industry. HISTORY ExxonMobil is the biggest and most profitable of the Western “supermajor” oil companies (ExxonMobil: Oozing Success). In 1999, when Exxon and Mobil merged to...
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...resource, Crude Oil. Overall, the oil industry accounts for a staggering 25% of Russia’s total GDP, as well as totaling 40% of all exports leaving its borders (Poussenkova, 2010). Lukoil, Russia’s largest oil company came about in 1991, when the then state owned oil monopoly was dismantled (Firlej, 2009). Today Lukoil accounts for roughly 19% of all oil production in Russia with profits reaching $108 Billion in 2008. Despite tremendous success in recent times for Russian oil exports, the state now looks to offset the risks associated with both heavily fluctuating oil prices as well as its enormous dependence upon oil exports for the well being of the nation. Because of this, companies such as Lukoil are now engaging in foreign investment to reduce the effects of fluctuating oil prices, political uncertainty as well as other risks related with their position (Firlej, 2009). This paper will discuss various aspects of Russia’s position as an oil exporter as well as various risks that may be faced in the near future. Theories of Trade When talking about Russia’s global position as an oil exporter, it is best to use various trade theories to help explain the situation. Firstly, it must be pointed out that the current situation for Russian oil exports is that of a competitive advantage over its foreign counterparts (Gurkov, 2010). Since the oil industry is subject to the laws of supply and demand, Russia currently stands in great stead, as its proven reserves of crude oil are more...
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