...becoming more global and consumers buying online in greater numbers, the rapid and accurate flow of information is vital to accountants. This is where AIS or Accounting Information Systems come in, this practice was originally handled “in house” by most businesses, but as technology changed and businesses became more web based, software packages from developers such as Microsoft and Oracle are sold to assist businesses with their accounting needs. AIS was developed for the collection, storage, and processing of financial and accounting data. In most organizations A.I.S. are made up of interrelated components that interact to achieve a common goal. Throughout this paper we will look at the history of AIS, why the A.I.S. is important to corporate America, and what future developments are necessary to move ahead with the system History of the AIS In order to understand Accounting Information Systems better it is important to break down what the term really means and why it is so important in modern day accounting. The development of AIS dates all the way back to Babylon, in the year 3600BCE, this is when the oldest known record of any business occurred. It is believed that AIS were used in many other countries before making it’s way to the U.S. Countries such as Greece, China, and Rome are all believed to have used this system during trade activities. A.I.S. were first comprised of someone jotting down notes with a pencil and paper and now years later it has developed into extensive...
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...1 Country Differences in Accounting Standards Kimetha Davis BUS616 International Business Jason Sheedy Ashford University May 6, 2012 2 Abstract Accounting Standards hold a very important place in any business, whether foreign or domestic. Accounting is shaped, by the environment, in which it operates. Throughout the world accounting, systems are most likely to be different, according to company standards. Which because of different accounting systems, it would make harmonization as challenge. Because there are differences in accounting systems, adopting international standards of accounting will prove to show benefit as well as risks and this paper will cover some of each… 3 Accounting Standards Accounting Standards hold a very important place in any business, whether foreign or domestic. Accounting is shaped, by the environment, in which it operates (Hill 2011). Foreign companies have different accounting systems, such as in European countries, government regulations require forms to publish detailed information about training and employment policies, there are no such requirements in the United States accounting systems (Hill 2011). There are factors that may...
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...know if it is making a profit. Modern accounting is believed to have begun around 1494 A.D. Book keeping entered into the Unites States in late 19th century. The first accounting exam was held by and organization in 1896. Today, accounting is used throughout the world and business to communicate, buy, sell and barter with each other very frequently and therefore, International accounting principles have been developed for the entire globe (Csebfalvi, 2012). In today’s highly competitive business world the environment requires companies to create a business strategy that includes accounting. This portion of their business strategy will help them achieve their strategic goals for the organization. In 1973, the International Accounting Standings Committee came in to existence in order to establish new international standards. The International Accounting Standards Board is the committee responsible for developing International Financial Reporting Standards (Knowledge guide to international accounting standards). This firm ensures that businesses are applying these standards to their financial reports. The first recorded account of international accounting was an article by Lord Benson called The Story of International Accounting Standards. Once the IASC was established, they began to release International Accounting Standards between 1973 and 2000 (Knowledge guide to international accounting standards). There is also the Financial Accounting Standards Board, which has worked together...
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...Critical Perspectives on Accounting- MMPA 516 Journal This Journal provided me an opportunity to express my views and critically analyze the different aspects to which accounting relates. It had been a great experience and a great approach to express ones opinion. 2014 Harleen Kaur Juneja 300289064 6/3/2014 Critical Perspectives on Accounting- MMPA 516 Journal This Journal provided me an opportunity to express my views and critically analyze the different aspects to which accounting relates. It had been a great experience and a great approach to express ones opinion. 2014 Harleen Kaur Juneja 300289064 6/3/2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION Page 2 2. ACCOUNTING IN ITS WIDER SENSE Page 3 3. ACCOUNTING AND EDUCATION Page 4 4. ACCOUNTING AND WAR Page 8 5. ACCOUNTING AND GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS Page 11 6. ACCOUNTING AND CSR Page 13 7. REFERENCES Page 15 INTRODUCTION In this course I was surprised to see the other face of accounting. Till date I use to see the stereotypical accounting course that teaches us on a pattern to make us number crunchers who can arrange, categorize, and report details in a manner so unreasoned that only other accounting student can understand them. I had not seen to possess the more important reasoning skills that are necessary for the real life problem solving and business leadership, except to my exception in the MMPA 511 course taught by Arun Elias...
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...HOW HAVE MODERN ACCOUTING SYSTEMS MADE A DIFFERENCE IN MODERN ORGANIZATIONS? Matt Copeland ACC 205 Rachel Durmstadt June 20, 2011 HOW HAVE MODERN ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS MADE A DIFFERENCE IN MODERN ORGANIZATIONS? For the past ten years I have been running my own business, Decisive Realty. I am a real estate investor that purchases apartment building and rent them out to tenants. This has caused me to manage my finances by creating my own accounting methods. My methods are effective but require a lot of brushing and polishing. In other word, it needs to be revamp. Taking this class has made me realize possibilities that I will implement to be more efficient. The accounting system that I have learn over the past five weeks will be applied to my business to make it more manageable, alleviate the guess works, and assist me in measuring success or failure. Modern accounting has assisted small business like mine and large corporations to organize their business and keep track of important details. In this paper I will present circumstances where modern accounting has contributed to the success of businesses. I will also present examples of modern accounting systems assisted modern organization in the business world. Accounting is the recording, tracking, and reporting of the finances of an organization. Having several apartments is a service that involves the managing of rent collection, maintenance, utilities, and repairs just to name a few. All of which includes financial aspects...
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...of increasing the comparability of accounting practices by setting bounds to their degree of variation’ (Page 75). In Essence, it is the continual effort of implementing a global set of standards, in which there is if not none, minimal differences between financial reporting in countries all around the world. For many modern day businesses, it is important to have a set of financial statements that appeals to a wider audience of investors and shareholders in which they can hope to receive important investments. The process of Harmony around the world seems to be a challenge, however in 2006, Canada’s accounting board, AcSB, made a strategic move in giving the option for firms in the public sector the choice of presenting their financial statement in accordance with IFRS which would be in effect as of January 2011. This essay seeks to establish the influential factors that shaped the accounting standards in Canada, and to distinguish any key differences in relation to the UK accounting system using the Canadian private enterprise, Good Group. This paper will primarily focus on the Private sector that choose to present under the ASPE system, as both Canada and UK use different accounting standards for which they implement in this sector. Canada’s Accounting System Like many other countries around the world, Canada has multiple accounting standards to meet the needs of different segments within their accounting environment. The system is categorized into three sections: ...
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...Applications The state of accounting in Egypt: a case Khaled Dahawy The American University in Cairo Nermeen F. Shehata Cairo University Tad Ransopher Georgia State University Abstract Egypt, one of the largest Middle East economies, is beginning its transition to a market economy. As a developing nation, Egypt has witnessed several changes in its accounting system during last two decades. This case provides an analysis of the Egyptian accounting system with emphasis on the development of the Egyptian Accounting Standards. In addition, this case makes recommendations for the reformation of the Egyptian accounting system. Keywords: Egypt, International accounting standards, Egyptian accounting standards, Egyptian accounting system, Privatization, Culture The state of accounting, Page 1 Journal of Business Cases and Applications 1. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this case is twofold. The first goal is to present an analysis of the development of the Egyptian accounting system. The second goal is to provide several recommendations to facilitate the Egyptian accounting reformation. Once accounting reformation occurs, Egyptian companies can prepare financial reports that will be of greater benefit than those at present. To Egyptian companies the result will be an increase in foreign investment and funds raised from external sources. With these goals as the objective, Egyptians need to comprehend successful accounting systems and extract that which may be ...
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...The SANGEA Accounting and Reporting System By: Henry Smith Accounting 3000 Table of Contents 1. Introduction Pg: 1 2. Background Pg: 2 3. History Pg: 2 4. Conventional Systems vs. SANGEA System Models Pg: 3 5. GAAP and iGAAP Pg: 4 6. How to Use SANGEA Pg: 5 7. Users of SANGEA Pg: 5 8. My Opinions Pg: 6-7 9. Appendices and Work Cited Pg: 8-22 Introduction Mostly everything in the business world has a system they use to collect and report inventory. “SANGEA, an automated, electronic data management information system, is owned by API [American Petroleum Institute] and was designed to assist petroleum companies with estimating, managing and reporting greenhouse gas (GHG) [Greenhouse Gas] emissions.”1 This system covers the accounting and reporting of six greenhouse gases by the Kyoto Protocol such as: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6). The actual idea is quite simple with the following objectives in mind: to help companies prepare a GHG inventory that represents a true and fair account of their emissions, through the use of standardized approaches and principles, to simplify and reduce the costs of compiling a GHG inventory, to provide business with information that can be used to build an effective strategy to manage and reduce GHG emissions, and to increase consistency and transparency...
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...Today’s modern accounting systems implement basic accounting needs while at the same time offering increased correctness in tracking trends, enabling partnership, and giving quick access to data. Computers run everything from home to work. Computerized solutions offer faster transaction processing and better classification of data while at the same time growing the range of input data that give a clearer and more complete picture of a company’s financial bottom line. Modern accounting systems help company management choose wisely in the use of better resources to increase profits at the same time as identifying cost saving and less spending. Accounting is the foundation of any business big or small. Yesterday many businesses did their accounting by hand. This was a long and problematic job done by those who were trained to do only accounting. Some small businesses still do it today, and this serves them fine. Larger companies have switched to computerized accounting systems today which run faster and are more accurate than manually. They both perform essentially the same thing, and are under the very same principles and concepts with the only differences being in the mechanics (Shanker, 2011). There are many factors facing manual accounting compared to computerized accounting today: speed, cost, and back up. Speed is important in accounting today due to the large companies and their investors. Using today’s computerized accounting systems, processing data, and reports...
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...Director of the Cost Management project that was the original source of ABC as a management tool. Jim can be reached at abmi@tx.rr.com. BLURB: If we are to compete in a dynamic business world; if we are to provide our decision makers with transparent information; if we are create value for our customers; then we must be bold and objectively reevaluate our management practices; we must adopt a management philosophy that mirrors the way the business world behaves! "I dreamed a thousand new paths... I woke and walked my old one" Chinese Proverb Information is the lifeblood of an organization. Information is also one of the most improperly used tools in managing a firm. Organizations become mesmerized with information organized and analyzed according to generally accepted practices and processed with the latest state-of-the-art software. This “formula for success” puts blinders on managers and prevents organizations from viewing information in innovative ways. If an organization is to prosper, it must ask itself if it needs an information transformation. An information transformation begins by challenging the myths that freezes an organization into inactivity and distorts an organization’s culture. Some of the most egregious management myths include the following: Myth 1 Accounting information fairly represents business facts—Today’s financial information...
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...The World of Accounting ACC/ 291 The Ever Changing World of Accounting 2 The world has evolved over the years; making the lives of people easier and allowing them to become more efficient to meet the demands and growing population. In the not so distant future, some of the World’s people will make another change, so that the accounts they use will make the way they do business with other will become even more well-organized and capable of trading and buying from those they have not been able to before. In some parts of the world, some industries use an accounting system called the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, which is also known as GAAP, and in the others those people use International Financial Reporting Standards, which is sometimes referred to as IFRS. Although these accounting systems have some of the same basic functions, they have the ability to conform to one main system. So, why would a country change their accounting system? In order to understand why the change is needed, the FASB and IASB fair value has intensified, it is clear that the need for consistent fair value measurements in a global market. However, the fair value measurements have set principles based on global framework, with very few exceptions. This has impact all fair value measurements in a reporting entity’s of financial statements. A component depreciation is a method in which certain parts of a property are individually depreciated at many different rates or prices...
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...governance processes, as designed and represented by the management, is adequate and functioning in a manner to ensure: risks are identified and managed, objectives are achieved, and compliance with policies are met. Along with internal auditing come developments, including standards and risk assessments for accounting and reporting practices. Sarbanes-Oxley Act The Sarbanes Oxley Act (the “Act”) of 2002 is a federal law passed in response to major corporate and accounting scandals including those of Enron, Tyco International, and Worldcom. These accounting scandals gave pause to the accounting world because of how complex and encompassing they were. They resulted in a decline of public trust in both accounting and reporting practices. It was then when the government realized that major reform was needed. This Act is now mandatory in the accounting world. All companies, whether small or large, must comply with the act. The corporate responsibility section of the Act calls for the establishment of an audit committee. The Act requires that all members of the audit committee be independent. Companies must disclose whether or not the audit committee includes at least one financial expert and are also responsible for hiring the auditors and supervising the audit and working as mediators between management and the auditors. Another point of the Act is the responsibility of corporate officials. The CEO and CFO must sign off on the financial reports. By signing these reports, they...
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...Electronic Accounting in Today's World Leigh M., Yahoo! Contributor Network May 18, 2007 "Contribute content like this. Start Here." .More: Accounting Software Accounts Receivable Accounting Accounting Degree .Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Print Flag Close 4 Helpful? Post a comment Just about everything in the world today has been affected by technology. Particularly, accounting has been affected to the highest degree. There is less paperwork and less guesswork. Accounting software has made accounting much easier to deal with by saving all the information one enter into the system and distributing it the data amongst all the proper locations. There is only one thing accounting software has not simplified is deciding which software to use. If one were to look up the words "accounting software" on google.com one would receive nearly six million results. However, I will only discuss two. Best Software's Peachtree Complete Accounting and Intuit's QuickBooks Pro are two of the most popular small business solution systems on the market today. Peachtree offers five levels of current software ranging from $99.00 for a beginner's version to $499.00 for a premium version. QuickBooks offers six levels of software ranging from $19.95 for an online version to $3,500.00 for an enterprise version. Except exactly how do the two softwares compare in everyday use? Both can integrate with Microsoft Excel. Both systems have accounts payable, accounts receivable, etc. One can track...
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...An accountant plays a vital role in any business; one can even say they are one of the most influential practitioners. For instance, accountants participant in generating rules and guidelines, advising day to day business activities, and even decision making. While the IT and IS communities are used frequently in many businesses, they are not the founders of the characteristics of useful information. The key reason behind this is due to the fact that accountants are the users of IS and IT communities. As being the primary users, one can expect the characteristics, rules, and guidelines for an information system to be designed by the accountants themselves. In a broader view, “accountants can assume three roles: designer, user, and auditor” (Gelinas, Dull 27). As a designer, the accountant can offer its knowledge of various principles (accounting principles and auditing principles), and various methods and techniques (information system and system development). In designing an accounting information system (AIS), the accountant can answer various questions that relate back to the seven characteristics of useful information systems. Some questions may include: “What will be recorded and how will transactions be recorded? When will the transaction be recorded and when will they be reported? What controls will be necessary to provide valid, accurate, and complete records? How much detail will reports need?” (Gelinas, Dull 27). If accountants did not design the AIS then these questions...
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...1 Egypt’s Accounting Standards (EAS) against IFRS: The Reason behind Compliance and The Main Differences. Ahmed Mostafa Eliwa German University in Cairo Supervised By: Prof: Dr. Ehab K. A. Mohamed 2 Chapter 1: IFRS Historical Background 1.1 Introduction The purpose of this chapter is to gather information about the history of the international financial and reporting standards (IFRS), the committee that issued them, and what the reasons behind issuing such standards are to be agreed and implemented across the world. In the following sections we will know more about the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) “The IFRS Issuer” foundation and launching. Then we will talk about the IFRS and the IASC development during the period of 1973 - 2000. How the IASC started to issue their international accounting standards and to what extent they were agreed and implemented across the world. And also what are the difficulties that faced them to issue accepted international accounting standards during this period. Finally, in the last section, the factors that forced the IASC to be restructured to IASB “International Accounting Standards Board”. Moreover, and after correspondence and deliberations, the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) endorsement on the IFRS. 1.2 IASC Foundation and Launching: Following World War II, each country had its own Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP, the U.S. designation), or proper accounting practice. Even among the GAAPs...
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