...we know them too. One circuit type that most people today have in their homes and not know about are what’s Operational Amplifiers or op-amps.. You can find them in the amplifiers in our home theater systems or simple TVs or in our transportation like airplanes and automobiles. The op-amp common used in radios or communication devices amplifies the voltage that flows in the differential input out of the single output thousands and thousands of times than the initial input which is why it’s the key component of amplification. This key function is why hooking up a car amp to a set of subs at one end and the head unit at the other gives you that loud booming bass that the young generation loves to have. The op-amp had its earliest begins in the 20th century by J.A.Fleming in 1904 which was a vacuum based rectifier. Used also in analog computers for solving mathematic equations it wasn’t until the 1920s when Bells Lab invented the feedback amp for the telephone. Used a lot in WWII these style of vacuum tubes were then starting to be replaced around the 1950s and 60s because they were large hot and required a lot of power. As technology improved so did the op-amp over the years there has been many different types of amps like IC op-amp, reactor bridge op-amp designed to have very small input current, or the monolithic op-amp. The op-amp we know of today works in both open and closed loop operations. In a...
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...Toulmin model assignment Now that you have a firm understanding of the Toulmin model and its various parts, you will now apply that information to the real world. You are to find an argument made in a newspaper or magazine editorial, and then analyze the argument via the Toulmin model. The article can be from an online newspaper or magazine, but blogs or normal webpages are not acceptable. Additionally, the article MUST be an editorial or op-ed piece – these are to be personal views that are making a specific argument about an issue. Beyond including a hard copy of your article, you will want to include the following: * Identify the parts present – analyzing the artifact, you will identify any and all parts of the Toulmin model that are present within the artifact. For each part, you will need to present three aspects: * Define the Toulmin part – define (briefly) what this part is (to demonstrate that you know what you’re supposed to be looking for). This should be in your own words – don’t just quote the readings. * Express the example – express what specifically, within the artifact, is representing this particular part of the Toulmin model. This should be a direct quotation from the article. Do NOT paraphrase this part. * Explain the selection – explain why this particular selection you have chosen is a representation of this particular part of the Toulmin model. How does it fit into this type? Why would this be an example of the part...
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...unusual point of view on a current public conundrum, along with a relevant platform (e.g., being a teacher, businessman, lawyer, doctor, parent or stamp collector) you don’t need clips or editorial experience on your résumé—just quick thinking and an understanding of the form of these articles. I once sent a hastily written kvetch about a Kmart opening in my Greenwich Village neighborhood to The New York Times at noon, had an acceptance by 2 p.m., was sent a copy by midnight and received a check within a week. Here are the essential elements of a successful and sellable op-ed. 1. BE TIMELY OR EARLY. I submitted my Kmart commentary the week the local branch opened, which, luckily, coincided with a front-page debate about superstores infiltrating Manhattan. Timeliness is essential with this genre, especially now that online news sites can update as often as they choose. The presidential election was hot for op-ed writers until Nov. 4; then, regular columnists took over the topic. Be sure to factor in lead times and how long it can take an editor to reply (especially if he doesn’t know you). If the Fourth of July is next week, your patriotic piece might already be too late. Retool it for Labor Day. Holidaysare reliable hooks because they happen every year, so you can plan ahead (or try...
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...Constitutional Law: Bill of Rights TUTORIAL 1: WRITING AN OP-ED Do you have an interesting opinion to share? Is something driving you crazy? Is there something which needs to be said which no-one else is saying? If you can express it clearly and persuasively in an op-ed, you can reach thousands of people, and possibly sway hearts, change minds, influence decision-makers and even shape public policy. In the process, you also earn recognition for yourself and your institution, all for less effort than it takes to write a professional journal article. An op-ed is a short punchy piece of writing in which you give your opinion and try to convince your readers why you are right. It is not like an essay that unfolds slowly like a carpet. Quite the opposite because in an op-ed you open with your conclusion – the one message that you want to get across in the op-ed. This is the most important thing to remember about an op-ed. You have space for ONE message only. The rest of the op-ed is for you to make your case and support your view or conclusion. In the process of doing so, you usually play an educating role for readers who have no specialist knowledge of the subject matter. It is important though that your op-ed is accessible and not preachy. So an op-ed is the expression of your opinion, but backed up with facts, research or first-hand information. Typically an op-ed is 700-800 words. Any longer and you risk an editor deciding not to publish it because she can’t...
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...CPRL 224 Templates: How to use them, when to use them, why use them Many Canadians assume that ……………. Many Canadians believe that ………………… On the one hand, ……….. . On the other hand, ……………….. . I agree that ………….. . This is not to say that …………… . Author X contradicts herself. At the same time that she argues …………., she also implies ………….. She argues ………………, and I agree because …………….. Her argument that …………… is supported by new research showing that ……………. Templates are rhetorical patterns, rhetorical structures, that allow you to summarize, to respond, to introduce a quotation, to support your argument or point of view with evidence, to shift between general, over-arching claims and smaller-scale, supporting claims, to introduce an on-going debate, to introduce something implied or assumed, and many more such forms of dialogic communications. They allow you to frame an argument, a position, a point of view, while acknowledging the arguments of others. Furthermore, they provide clarity and coherence. Conventional wisdom has it that ………………… Common sense seems to dictate that …………… It is often said that ……………… I have always believed that ……………. When I was a child, I used to think that ……………….Although I should know better by now , I cannot help thinking that ………………. One implication of Mr.’s treatment of ………………. Is that ……………… Although Ms. Y doesn’t say so directly, she apparently assumes that ………………. While they rarely admit...
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...Mountain Equipment Co-op Report In this report our group discusses the ethics and impacts of MEC’s decision to shift from primarily Canadian manufactured goods to offshore facilities. We will discuss which stakeholders are affected, how they are affected, how they are going global and the risks and investments involved, the ethical issues involved in purchasing offshore goods and MEC’s sustainability strategy. MEC’s decision to carry products manufactured in offshore facilities will affect the following stakeholders: Stakeholder | Effect | Description | Canadian Manufacturers | Suffer | They will lose business | Offshore Manufacturers | Benefit | They will gain business | Consumers | Benefit | High quality products for low cost | Investor(members) | Benefit | More surplus will return more dividends | Canadian Employees | Suffer | Lose jobs as manufacturers lose business | Offshore Employees | Benefit | Better work environment and pay rate | Governments | Benefit | Canada: More tax revenue as consumers will buy cheaper products.Offshore: Investment in the country and increasing employment rate | MEC is ‘going global’ by purchasing from offshore manufacturers, increasing its global influence through parternerships, improving foreign work environments, and purchasing from sustainable manufacturers. In addition MEC is a member of the UN global compact, Canadian business, and the Social Responsibility Labour Association. There is a higher degree of investment...
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...EE43 Theory: Op-Amps 1. Objective The purpose of these experiments is to introduce the most important of all analog building blocks, the operational amplifier (“op-amp” for short). This handout gives an introduction to these amplifiers and a smattering of the various configurations that they can be used in. Apart from their most common use as amplifiers (both inverting and non-inverting), they also find applications as buffers (load isolators), adders, subtractors, integrators, logarithmic amplifiers, impedance converters, filters (low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-reject or notch), and differential amplifiers. So let’s get set for a fun-filled adventure with op-amps! 2. Introduction: Amplifier Circuit Before jumping into op-amps, let’s first go over some amplifier fundamentals. An amplifier has an input port and an output port. (A port consists of two terminals, one of which is usually connected to the ground node.) In a linear amplifier, the output signal = A ( input signal, where A is the amplification factor or “gain.” Depending on the nature of the input and output signals, we can have four types of amplifier gain: voltage gain (voltage out / voltage in), current gain (current out / current in), transresistance (voltage out / current in) and transconductance (current out / voltage in). Since most op-amps are used as voltage-to-voltage amplifiers, we will limit the discussion here to this type of amplifier. The circuit model of an amplifier...
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...C3 / F5 Electronics F5.1 OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS An operational amplifier (op-amp) is a voltage amplifier which amplifies the difference between the voltages on its two input terminals. Op-amps often require a dual balanced d.c. power supply, e.g. ± 15V. However, they will work over a wide range of supply voltages from ±5V to ±15V. The power supply connections are often omitted from circuit diagrams for simplicity. The diagram below shows the typical connections for an op-amp. [pic] The + input terminal is known as the non-inverting input and the – input terminal is known as the inverting input terminal. The output voltage is given by [pic] where A is the voltage gain. An op-amp is assumed to behave ideally and the general properties of an ideal op-amp include:- • the voltage gain is very large (typically, 106 at low frequencies), • the maximum output voltage is equal to the power supply voltage, (in practice it is about 2V less), • it has infinite input resistance so no current passes into the input terminals, (typically 109(, so there is an input current of a few nano-amps), • the output impedance is zero so it can supply any required current, (in practice many op-amps are designed to limit the current to approximately 15mA), • the output voltage is zero when the two inputs are equal, (in practice there is a small offset voltage which needs a variable resistor to balance out). General Amplifier Definitions An amplifier...
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...EMT 212/4 ANALOG ELECTRONIC II Chapter 2 – Op-amp Application Content 1. 2. Op-amp Application Introduction Inverting Amplifier Non-inverting Amplifier Voltage Follower / Buffer Amplifier Summing Amplifier Differencing Amplifier Integrator Differentiator Comparator Summary Frequency Response Op-amp Application Introduction Op-amps are used in many different applications. We will discuss the operation of the fundamental op-amp applications. Keep in mind that the basic operation and characteristics of the op-amps do not change — the only thing that changes is how we use them Inverting Amplifier Circuit consists of an op-amp and three resistors The positive (+) input to the op-amp is grounded through R2 The negative (-) input is connected to the input signal (via R1) and also to the feedback signal from the output (via RF) Inverting Amplifier V V+ Assume that amplifier operates in its linearly amplifying region. For an ideal op-amp, the difference between the input voltages V+ and V to the op-amp is very small, essentially zero; V V 0 V V Inverting Amplifier V V+ Hence; Vin V Vin iin R1 R1 Inverting Amplifier The op-amp input resistance is large, so the current into the +ve and –ve op-amp inputs terminal will be small, essentially zero V Vout iin RF Vin V V Vout RF R1 V 0 Vin Vout ...
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...Lovely Professional University,Punjab Format For Instruction Plan [for Courses with Lectures and Tutorials Course No ECE210 Cours Title ANALOG CIRCUITS AND LINEAR ICS Course Planner 14649 :: Mohina Kharbanda Lectures Tutorial Practical Credits 3 1 0 4 Text Book: 1 Microelectronics Circuits: Analysis and design by Muhammad H Rashid Other Specific Book: 2 Ramakant A.Gayakwad,”Op-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuits,”4th edition,Pearson Education 3 Electronic Devices and circuits by Millman-Halkias, Tata Mcgraw Hill 4 Roy Choudhary and Shail Jain,”Linear Integrated Circuits”, Wiley Eastern Ltd. Other Reading Sr No Jouranls atricles as compulsary readings (specific articles, Complete reference) Relevant Websites Sr. No. (Web adress) (only if relevant to the courses) 5 http://www.rosehulman.edu/.../Rose_Classes/ECE351/Notes/Differential Amplifier Notes.pdf 6 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_amplifier 7 http://www.doctronics.co.uk/555.htm 8 http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/sboa092a/sboa092a.pdf Salient Features Introduction to differential amplifiers Introduction and Classification of Electronics amplifier 555 Introduction and Application Applications of operational amplifiers Detailed Plan For Lectures 1 Approved for Spring Session 2011-12 Week Number Lecture Number Lecture Topic Chapters/Sections of Pedagogical tool Textbook/other Demonstration/case reference study/images/anmatio n ctc. planned Part 1 Week 1 Lecture 1 Lecture 2...
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...bedrijf kan er nog omheen: de marketing moet voor een belangrijk deel gericht worden op e-marketing. Er zijn weinig mensen meer die niet actief zijn op de social media zoals Hyves, Twitter of Facebook. De databases van die social media zorgen ervoor dat de marketing zich kan optimaliseren door daar gebruik van te maken. Vooral Facebook is zeer geschikt voor het promoten van de nieuwe collecties van H&M door gebruik te maken van database marketing. In dit rapport wordt het gebruik van Facebook geëvalueerd om dit toe te lichten, zodat de meerwaarde van een Facebookpagina voor H&M beter kan worden beoordeeld. Marketingdatabases Een marketingdatabase is een bestand waarin gegevens over klanten worden bijgehouden. Gegevens over welke producten een klant koop, waar de klant de producten koopt, wat het profiel van de klant is en of de klant belangrijk is (van Wieringen, 2007). Bij database marketing wordt gebruik gemaakt van de gegevens uit een marketingdatabase voor marketingdoeleinden. Er kan een gericht aanbod worden gedaan dan bij een klant past, doordat gebruik wordt gemaakt van een hoop verzamelde gegevens (Database Marketing, z.j.). Een voordeel is dat je een klantgericht aanbod kunt doen doordat je informatie hebt over individuele klanten. Dat brengt een ander voordeel met zich mee, namelijk dat er weinig klanten zijn die een reclameaanbod zullen weigeren. Het sluit immers aan op hun eigen smaak. In een marketingdatabase kun je ook veel gegevens van verschillende...
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...Het effect van brandimage op McDonald’s Customer Loyalty Docent: | Drs. W. de Vries jr. | Groep 10: | Jammeren of juichen? | Afdeling: | Marketing | Namen: | Nikki PierrotMark SchutteDaan SchuurmanRico Temmink | Inleiding McDonald’s is een van de winnaars van de crisis (NOS, 2014). Althans zo omschrijven de media het. Namen als McDonald’s, Van der Valk en LIDL zijn sprekende namen en zijn in staat om tijdens crisistijd dubbele groeicijfers te realiseren. Volgens dhr. Grievink, directeur van het Foodservice Instituut (FSIN), is dit vooral gelegen in de duidelijke consumentenverwachting bij de dienstverlening van deze merken (NOS, 2014). In dit kader kan breder gekeken worden naar de rol van het imago op loyaliteit zoals klanten deze uitdrukken door herhaalde aankopen bij een bepaald bedrijf uit te voeren. Meer specifiek stellen wij onszelf de vraag: Welk effect heeft het brandimage van McDonald’s op customer loyalty met customer satisfaction als mediator? In dit paper zullen we opeenvolgend bekijken wat precies merkimago is en hoe dit er voor McDonald’s uit ziet; tevens kijken we naar het creatieproces van een merkimago en identificeren we de verschillende types van associaties die consumenten kunnen hebben ten opzichte van een merk. Vervolgens kijken we naar de rol van loyaliteit. Wat is het en hoe staat dit in verband met merkimago? In hoofdstuk 3 behandelen we de relatie tussen merkimago en klantloyaliteit en in het specifiek het belang van satisfactie...
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...circuits using linear integrated circuits and their applications in the processing of analog signals. Also to introduce a few special function integrated circuits such as Regulator ICS, Waveform generator etc. Passive circuit analysis and transistor behavior. single or two stage amplifier, Diff-Amp and Current Mirror concepts Contents Operational Amplifier Fundamentals Basic Op Amp Configurations, Ideal Op Amp Circuits Analysis, Simplified Op Amp Circuits Diagram, Input Bias and Offset Currents, Low-Input-Bias-Current Op Amps, Input Offset Voltage, Low-Input-Offset-Voltage Op Amps, Input Offset-Error Compensation, Maximum Ratings. Open-Loop Response, Closed-Loop Response Input and Output Impedances Transient Response Effect of Finite GBP on Integrator Circuits Effect of Finite GBP on Filters Current-Feedback Amplifiers Hours 08 2 Linear Applications of OP-AMP 3 The Stability Problem, Stability in Constant-GBP Op Amps Circuits, Internal Frequency Compensation External Frequency Compensation Stability in CFA Circuits Composite Amplifiers Op Amp Powering. Slew rate and methods of improving slew rate. 08 Current shunt feedback (Inverting Amplifier) Current Series feedback (Non-Inverting Amplifier) Summing Amplifier, Averaging Amplifier Difference Amplifier, Instrumentation Applications,...
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...Table of Contents Assignment: 2 1 Introduction 1 1) You need to select an Op Amp circuit of your choice (inverting, non-inverting, summing, comparator, feedback, voltage regulator, etc.). Simulate the circuit in any of the packages you have identified in the first assignment, and then assess the performance of the software package by carrying out mathematical analysis of the circuit. 2 Op Amp Summing Amplifier 2 Op Amp Summing Amplifier Simulation 1 2 Op Amp Summing Amplifier Simulation 2 3 Results Simulation 1 & 2 5 2) Describe the following terms used in ECAD systems: 6 (a) Prototype 6 (b) Boundary scan 6 (c) Self-testing 7 (d) Controllability and observability 7 (e) Testability 7 (f) Simulation modelling 7 (g) Fault simulation 8 (h) Temperature simulation 8 3) VLSI 9 Conclusion 10 References 10 Online sources 10 Books 11 Assignment: 2 You are working for an electronic design services company. The company designs and engineers printed circuit boards. It specializes in interconnection design, and provides electronic design automation solutions. As part of your training programme, your line manager has asked you to carry out the following task and to submit your findings in a report (around 6 pages). Introduction There is a huge prevalence in electronics in everyday products, there for R&D is a very important factor. Electronic Computer-Aided Design (ECAD) software are used to optimise existing products or to develop...
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...Demografisch: Demografisch richt zich op de bevolkingssamenstelling zoals de bevolkingsopbouw, dichtheid, geografische kenmerken en verschillen en de infrastructuur. Bevolkingsopbouw Nederland vergrijst dat betekent dat er steeds meer 65 plusser zijn op steeds minder werkenden. De verhouding tussen jong en oud verandert. De oorzaak van de toenemende vergrijzing is gelegen in het verleden. Vlak na de tweede wereld oorlog werden in Nederland veel baby’s geboren. in de jaren zestig was de anticonceptie bil in de markt gekomen en toen werden er minder baby’s geboren. Maar ook in de jaren zeventig hebben vrouwen het krijgen van kinderen uitgesteld om eerste te gaan werken en daardoor werden de gezinnen ook kleiner. Vele kinderen die vlak na de tweede wereld oorlog geboren zijn gaan nu met pensioen. Aangezien er in de jaren zestig en zeventig minder baby’s waren geboren is er daardoor nu naar verhouding meer zestig blussers die steeds ouder worden door betere gezondheid zorg. En doordat ziektes beter te behandelen zijn leven ouderen langer. De mensen die nu werken moeten de pensioen en zorgkosten van de ouderen betalen. Dat is financieel veel zwaar gezien er meer ouderen zijn. Geplaatst door: statistiekcbs Geraadpleegd op 25-09 2013 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5yqwDwisiCI&feature=youtu.be bevolking geraadpleegd op 25-09-2013 http://www.cbs.nl/nl-NL/menu/themas/bevolking/nieuws/default.htm Dat de bevolking vergrijsist is een algemene probleem in heel nederland...
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