...T e c h n i c a l n o T e s a n d M a n u a l s Operational Risk Management and Business Continuity Planning for Modern State Treasuries Ian Storkey Fiscal Affairs Department I N T e r N A T I o N A l M o N e T A r y F U N D INTerNATIoNAl MoNeTAry FUND Fiscal Affairs Department Operational Risk Management and Business Continuity Planning for Modern State Treasuries Prepared by Ian Storkey Authorized for distribution by Sanjeev Gupta November 2011 DISCLAIMER: This Technical Guidance Note should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Note are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. JEL Classification Numbers: Keywords: H12, H60, H63, H83 business continuity, disaster recovery, business continuity and disaster recovery plan, operational risk, operational risk management, treasury operations ian@storkeyandco.com Author’s E-Mail Address: TECHNICAL NoTEs ANd MANUALs Operational Risk Management and Business Continuity Planning for Modern State Treasuries Prepared by Ian Storkey This technical note and manual (TNM)1 addresses the following main issues: • What is operational risk management and how this should be applied to treasury operations. • What is business continuity and disaster recovery planning and why it is important for treasury operations. • How to develop and implement a business continuity and disaster recovery plan using a six practical-step...
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... Wellfleet Bank’s Practice Audit & Risk Committee Board Group Risk Committee Reputational Risk Committee Country Risk Committee Operational Risk Committee Group Credit Committee Market Risk Committee Credit Officer Credit Officer Credit Officer Credit Officer 2 Business Risk Committee (Consumer Bank) Business Risk Committee (Corporate Bank) Board of Directors Wellfleet Bank’s Practice • The board of directors and top management demand a “no-surprises” culture. • The board hold ultimate responsibility for the effective management of risks. • The board delegates the management of risks to the Group Risk Committee (which includes all the executive directors), while the board’s Audit and Risk Committee (consisting of non-executive directors) reviews specific risk areas and monitors the activities of the Group Risk Committee Observation from the Case Study • The Corporate Banking Group has been aggressively pursuing large-scale transformational deals in line with the Bank’s strategic intent but there isn’t any Risk Appetite Statement which states the associated tolerance level. • The Board, CEO and Group CRO have no direct involvement with the loan approval process, apart from their periodic review of the corporate loan portfolio after decision has been made. 3 Group Risk Committee Wellfleet Bank’s Practice • This Group Risk Committee questions and approves proposed lending...
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...interdependence of this organization on information technology have increased this as well increase the consequence of IT risks. IT has become more and more central to business over the past decade but many enterprise organizations have not yet modify their processes for making key decisions related to IT and IT risks. Literature The research tailored to analysis IT risk management approach and the business impact. Including the integration of enterprise risks management in the organization. This is totally different from traditional risk management. The integrations refer to modifying the IT-operations approach, adjusting its capital structure and focus on engaging the right financial instruments. There are key areas enterprise risk management integration will address. The first is that, it integrates and coordinates all the various risks type across the entire organization. Thereby, risk management cannot be managed in silo rather all the risk that occurred in the entire ICT environment must be managed and approach in an enterprise way. Second, using enterprise risk management makes it possible for users to easily identify any potential incident that may affect the organization. Moreover, this makes decision taken to curb such risks in parallel with the organization objective. IT risk management commence with risk assessment. These depend on the problem and object to be addressed. Differences of IT risks assessment methods are also analysed. Research Questions How can...
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...| | | | | | | | Factors Influencing on Financial Decision A Case of a company operating in Bangladesh Company Name: GPH ispat ltd. Submitted To Mr. Saleh Mohammed Mashehdul Islam Asst. Professor, SOB, AUST. Submitted By Roll # 12-52-02-012 Mahmud Hassan Principle of Finance (MBA 603) Section # B Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology Date of Submission : 3rd Jan, 2013 Chapter-1 Company Information GPH Ispat Limited is one of the leading integrated steel manufacturing companies in Bangladesh engaged in manufacturing of M. S. Billet & M. S. Rod. The Company was incorporated in Bangladesh on 17 May 2006 as a Private company limited by shares under the Companies Act 1994. The principal activities of the Company are manufacturing and trading of iron products and steel materials of all kinds or other metallic or allied materials and marketing thereof. The commercial production of the factory commenced on 21 August 2008. The company subsequently converted into a Public limited Company. Nature of Business The Company is engaged in the manufacturing process of producing...
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...to making strategic and business decisions after considering major risks and opportunities. Originally focused simply on managing the losses and downside, ERM now is also used to help companies decide between alternative business lines and strategic growth options. Companies are using the tool to take a more valuefocused (rather than loss-focused) approach to risk management amid increasing volatility and uncertainty. ERM considers everything from credit risk to operational and supply chain risk. ERM examines decisions through a risk lens, identifying creative approaches to succeed in a world of uncertainty. To build an Enterprise Risk Management system, all parts of the organization contribute vital perspectives: • Senior executives determine the level of risk a company is willing to take. They express their risk appetite in concrete terms such as earnings volatility and potential losses of capital, equity or assets; • The risk organization, in cooperation with line managers, continuously examines the potential impact of various risks (e.g., strategic, business, financial and operational risks) on the organization. They decide whether to avoid the exposure completely, effectively mitigate it (for example, through a transfer to another party) or use the company risk insight and risk management capabilities as an opportunity to generate extra profit from the exposure; • Line managers embed risk management principles into everyday business decisions and activities; • Managers separate...
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...RISK MANAGEMENT DEFINITION OF RISK: 1. Risk in finance is defined in terms of the variability of actual returns on an investment, around an expected return, even when those returns represent positive outcomes. 2. The decisions on how much risk to take and what type of risks to take are critical to the success of the business. 3. The essence of good management is making the right choices when it comes to dealing with different risks. 4. In banking, the risk is the possibility that a borrower or counterparty will fail to meet its obligations in accordance with the agreed terms, both in terms of time and quantity. 5. Risk does not come alone – the default of one firm may cripple affiliated firms such as suppliers, customers and banks. RISK MANAGEMENT: 1. Risk Management is a planned method of dealing with the potential loss or damage. It is an ongoing process of risk appraisal through various methods and tools. 2. Risk Management involves not only to protect oneself against some risks but also to decide which risks are to be exploited and how to exploit them. 3. Risk Management covers credit decision making, performance assessment, pricing, capital computation, provisioning etc. 4. Risk Management covers the following: a. It assesses what could go wrong b. It determines which risks are important to be dealt with c. It implements strategies to deal with those risks. 5. Risk Management is not – ...
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...Market risk management D 1) Sensitivity analysis for foreign exchange risk Foreign currency risk Foreign exchange risk arises from the movements in exchange rates that adversely affect the revaluation of the Group and the foreign currency positions. Considering that other risk variables remain constant, the foreign currency revaluation sensitivity for the Group and the Bank on their unhedged position. 1% appreciation (-) n 1% depreciation (+) Interpretation of Impact The Group and the Bank measure the foreign exchange sensitivity based on the foreign exchange net open positions (including foreign exchange structural position) under an adverse movement in all foreign currencies against reporting currency (MYR). The result implies that the Group and the Bank may be subject to additional translation (loss)/gain if MYR appreciated/depreciated against other currencies and vice versa. E) Liquidity risk management 1. Liquidity risk management overview -Liquidity management Liquidity is the ability of the Group to fund increases in assets and meet obligations as they come due, without incurring unacceptable losses. Generally, there are two types of liquidity risk which are funding liquidity risk and market liquidity risk. Funding liquidity risk is the risk that the firm will not be able to meet efficiently both expected and unexpected current and future cash flow needs without affecting either daily operations or the financial condition of the firm. Market ...
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...Controllers: responsible for safeguarding the firms assets - ensures conpliance with with financial and regulatory requirements worldwide - support revenue-producing divisions of the firm while partering with Operations and Technology divisions - Measurs profitability of the firms increasingly complex products and services. -prepare internal and external finnancial information for the firm, inckluding annual report and press and reguatory filings in all jurisdictions. Corporate Controller: - Prepare firms quarterly and annual SEC filings - Monitor firmwide revenues and non-compensation expenses - Evaluate new acquisitions, structured trades and other transaction to determine approporiate accounting treatment. IMD Controllers - prepare global regulatory filings, AUM and revenue reporting Product Controllers and Funding Controllers - P&L calculations, reporting, attribution and reporting to desks - PRice Verification and management reporting - Account and monitor forthe firm's secured and unsecured financing activitis Regulatory Controllers - Calcualte and review Firl's capital ratios - Analyze and report regulatory capital - Prepare global regulatory filings -Coordinatre teh capital computations for "GS" Group and regulated legal entities Market Risk Analysis is responsible for measuring, analyzing and reporting market risk, including monitoring adherence to limits. Varieties of quantitative measures are used, including Value...
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...profile and warranted risk-taking discipline. The bank aggressively pursues growth in the large-scale transformational deals. The bank wants to grow aggressively but with balance. As the bank grows, they need to make sure that their risk infrastructure keeps apace with the business opportunities. A consequence for their growth strategy, the bank is facing several risks, such as legal/regulatory risk, credit risk, business risk and operational risk. The legal/regulatory risk is presented by changing international regulatory rules, the bank is required to set aside and manage capital reserves in response to these new regulatory rules. The global economy is becoming more competitive and Wellfleet bank is growing against a risky environment. Companies may default and that present credit risk to the bank. Wellfleet has more strict risk control than its competitors, and pay more attention to the risk modeling rather than the holistic view of the company requesting the facility or industries it operates in. The business risk followed by key lending decisions that the bank makes may result in an opportunity loss for revenue from current/potential customers. The power of the risk management function caused lots of tension in the corporate banking unit. The bank has a growing demand at the same time keeping an effective balance between risk and business...
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...| Deakin UniversityAssignment Attachment SheetFaculty of Business and Law | Date received | This form must be completed, signed and attached to each assignment you submit within the Faculty of Business and Law. If submitting online, this form must be completed and submitted with your assignment. Last NamePlease use block letters, and enter your name as it appears on your Deakin student card | First Name | Student ID | Li | Ke | 900335188 | Unit code | Unit name | Campus | Lecturer/Tutor/Unit Coordinator | MAF754 | Enterprise Risk Management | | Lecturer: David SewellPeter | | | | Tutor: | Assignment number / title | Due date | Assignment 2: A research paper of enterprise risk management for Sinomaster(SMT) group | 25 May 2012 | If this assignment has been completed by a group or team:1. Each student in the group must complete and sign a separate form;2. The assignment will be returned to the student in the group nominated below.*This assignment was completed in a group or team: No (circle or delete as necessary)The assignment should be returned to the student named on this form: No (circle or delete as necessary) | Plagiarism and Collusion Plagiarism occurs when a student passes off as the student’s own work, or copies without acknowledgement as to its authorship, the work of another person. Collusion occurs when a student obtains the agreement of another person for a fraudulent purpose with...
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...the commercial viability and development impact. In this report, we will be analysing the project’s major risks that are expected to arise in the future, as well as assessing the likelihood of a successful investment from various aspects, until reaching a final lending decision. In addition, loan portfolio considerations regarding the addition of the new investment will be discussed. 2. Major risks In this part of the report, the 3 major risks involved in the Mozal project are assessed, including political risk, operational risk and market risk. 2.1. Sovereign risk Comparing to other two types of risks, sovereign risk is relatively higher and more important in the Mozal case, with potential expropriation and moral hazard being realistic threats to the project. Mozambique was one of the poorest countries in the world and had only recently emerged from a 17-year civil war that had destroyed most of the country’s infrastructure. The high sovereign risk is reflected in the hurdle rate that amounts to a much higher value than its internal rate of return. Regarding the financing gap of $250m, participation of IFC is essential and could be very beneficial to the project, considering its impact on lending decisions of other commercial banks. However, the board of IFC should not approve the $120 million investment without any justification on protections against political risks. 2.2. Market risk Market risk is the risk that the value of an investment will decrease due to the change...
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...specifically what information must be gathered. Research Problem • Asks what the decision maker needs to do • Action oriented Research Objective • Asks what information is needed and how it should be obtained • Information oriented Task 2: Define Research Objectives • The objectives should specify: • From Whom is the information is to be gathered: the researcher must choose carefully the population that should be studied. • Objectives should also describe how respondents are going to be included in the sample. • What information is needed: the researcher must determine the construct (concept) to be measured. • For example: memorable, relevant, understandable likeable, attitude, purchase intention, etc. • The objectives should specify: • What is the unit of measurement: objective should describe the operationalization of the construct to be measured... in other words the specific measures for each concept to be researched. • Worded using the respondent’s frame of reference • What format should be used: the researcher will need to determine what type of study to design (qual or quant and which data collection format?) 4. Constructs and operational definitions and the applications of each Constructs & Operational Definitions Construct • Brand Awareness • Advertising Recall & Recognition • Knowledge of Product Features • Brand Familiarity Operational Definition • % of respondents that have heard of Brand A • % of respondents...
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...* Healthy and sound financial system plays an important role in achieving sustainable development and economic and political stability in both developed and underdeveloped economies. * Financial institutions play an important role in economic and financial environment of any country. * An essential element in the health of any financial system is the soundness of its institution. * As the value of the bank’s assets decreases or the percentage of non-performing loans increases a deduction from capital is take in an equal amount to restore the balance. Thus, capital acts as a source of funds to bear risks and absorb losses, covering any imbalance caused by a fall in the value of assets. * The level of capital funds required to support the institutional structure and to provide protection against unanticipated and excessive losses is known as capital adequacy * Capital adequacy is the most crucial element within bank supervisory systems * Systemic risk or the contagion effect means failure of one bank leads to possible collapse of several other financial institutions. * A liquidator is the officer appointed when a company goes into winding-up or liquidation who has responsibility for collecting in all of the assets of the company and settling all claims against the company before putting the company into dissolution * G-10 countries include Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, The United Kingdom...
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...CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Background of the study Banking plays an important role in the lives of individuals as well as nations. As a matter of fact, you couldn’t just imagine how our economic system in particular could function efficiently and effectively without the services rendered by banks. As the center of the financial sector, the banking industry in most emerging economies is passing through a process of change. With the passing of years, our banking system underwent rapid development which includes how they handle different risks to survive in their industry. As the financial activity has become a major economic activity in most economies, any interference or imbalance in banking system’s infrastructure will have significant impact on the entire economy. So to avoid any disruption on this, different banks used their own risk handling methods otherwise called a risk management as their key solution on this. Risk is a situation involving exposure to danger. It is the possibility that something unpleasant will happen. It may be also an object (person or thing) that creates or intensifies a risk situation. It may be also a scenario that can be described (qualified, if not quantified) and that may be damaging, in any way, to an organization or institution. It may cause a “loss” directly or indirectly. Any manage and control of potential risks is called risk management. It has a big part in any organization or an institution to have awareness...
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...HSBC and SWOT Analysis 4 3.2Credit Risk 6 3.3 Market Risk 7 3.3 Operational risk 9 4. Discussion 11 Scenarios 11 5. Conclusions 12 5. Perspectives 12 6. References 13 7. Annex index 24 1. Introduction Starting with the early 90’s the focus on risk management has been increasing leading to a change in the business models adopted by different companies. The recent crisis has revealed that managing risk is not an option but a necessity, and it can be stated that lately the banking business is all about risk. HSBC Group HSBC Holding p.l.c was formed in 1991 and has its origins in The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, back in 1865. The group has its headquarters in London and it has around 8,000 offices in regions like: Europe, Hong Kong, the rest of Asia Pacific, including the Middle East and Africa, North America and South America. The main activities of HSBC are: Personal Financial Services; Commercial Banking; Global Banking and Markets; Private Banking. All group’s activities includes various risks: Credit risk, Market risk, Operational risk, Liquidity risk, Insurance risk, Residual value risk, Pension risk, Reputational risk, and Sustainability risk. Research Question How can a bank measure and manage credit risk and market risk (including interest rate risk, foreign exchange risk and liquidity risk) and operational risk? 2. Methodology During the process of the analysis...
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