...Wage and Wage Earnings Research Process Introduction The general problem is that wage earnings and wages are categorized differently. In order to understand the specific problem one has to research various industries as well as look into what positions are being held, they have investigate the number of years experience, and kook at the current ages is of individuals who are working. With that said in order to provide research one has to understand what is meant by the research process. Today’s society understands the process of researching is asking question and searching for answers. This paper will provide research pertaining to wage earners and wages. First, define the purpose of the research and explain why researching wage earnings and wages are important. The next step is research hypothesis, meaning give three examples of possible outcomes. Knowing the purpose, understanding the question, and reviling the hypothesis will lead to defining the operational variables tested. Next is to establish the level of measurement and scale for each variable. The final objective is briefly discussing the remaining steps in the research process. Describe Purpose of the research and explain why the research problem is important Research is an organized, systematic, database, critical, objective, scientific inquiry, or investigation into a specific problem. In addition, in doing this, the business main purpose is to find answers or solutions. The research that is being preformed is...
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...average at least 8% of the gender employment gap and a larger proportion of the gender wage gap can be attributed to discrimination. Virtually all OECD countries have enacted anti-discrimination laws in recent decades, and evaluations as well as cross-country analysis suggest that, if well-designed, these laws can be effective in reducing disparities in labour market outcomes. However, enforcement of antidiscrimination legislation is essentially based on victims’ willingness to claim their rights. Thus, public awareness of legal rules and their expected consequences (notably, victims’ costs and benefits of lodging complaints) is a crucial element of an effective policy strategy to establish a culture of equal treatment. Moreover, legal rules are likely to have more impact if the enforcement is not exclusively dependent on individuals. In this respect, specific agencies may play a key role. 139 3. THE PRICE OF PREJUDICE: LABOUR MARKET DISCRIMINATION ON THE GROUNDS OF GENDER AND ETHNICITY Introduction Employment outcomes are far from being evenly distributed among the various sociodemographic groups. Although women’s rising labour market participation has been a major component in labour supply growth during past decades, their labour market performance still remains significantly worse than that of men, sometimes dramatically so: in certain countries female employment rates and wages are more than 25% lower than those of their male counterparts,...
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...Forum on Tax Reform Fundamental Tax Reform: An International Perspective Abstract - This paper examines trends in tax reforms. The analysis is limited to the experience of 30 OECD countries, and focuses particularly on changes since the year 2000. The paper analyses the general trend of reductions in both tax revenues and rates and the diversity in tax policies across OECD countries, reflecting the diversity in both economic circumstances and policy objectives. Developments in tax administration are also briefly dealt with. Some of the challenges for tax policymakers and administrators that are likely to arise over the next few years are identified, and possible alternative approaches to solving them are put forward. INTRODUCTION ax reform is an ongoing process, with tax policymakers and tax administrators continually adapting their tax systems to reflect changing economic, social and political circumstances. Over the last two decades, almost all Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries have undertaken structural changes to their tax system that have significantly altered the way these systems function and their economic and social impacts.1 In some countries (for example, many of the Eastern European economies in transition), the reforms have been profound and implemented over a very short period of time. In others (most of the European countries), the reforms have been a gradual process of adaptation, but over time they have substantially redesigned...
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...How Society Works – Lecture Notes Sep, 11, 2012 Introduction to Classical Social theory * “Theories in sociology are abstract, general ideas that help organize and make sense of the social world” (attempt to link idea’s with actual events) * Classical social theory (1840s – 1920s) – The enlightenment, political revolution (American revolution, French revolution), the industrial revolution * American and French revolution inspired more widespread adoption of democratic principle and rights of citizens * Industrial revolution caused dramatic, rapid urbanization, changes in family relations, gender relations, increased secularization * Classical social theorist and macro and micro theorists – macro are interested are in social theory that can explain huge social phenomenon’s (past and future), micro are interested in smaller scale phenomenon’s * Emile Durkheim was a positivist, saw society as analogous to a body, concerned with social solidarity, and developed the idea of the ‘social fact’ * Social Solidarity: division of labour Organic: present in modern societies, high dynamic density, high degree of labour specialization (works like a human body, everything works together with high specialization) Mechanical: present in traditional societies, low dynamic density , low degree of labour specialization (works like gears, works together to complete society) * Similarities of Social Solidarity: Conscience collective similar ideas...
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...of shirts to the Olanda,a South Korean company. Another garments known as Desh Garments ,also treated as the pathfinder of textile sector in Bangladesh. In 1979 Desh Garments opened a joint venture project with south korean company "Daiyuu". At present RMG sector of Bangladesh deals with 22 billion USD every year.4 million people directly depend on the ups and downs of the sector.the 81% of the total export earnings are come from this textile sector. The textile sector passes it's golden time now.with the help of the government and different organizations we may hope for the betterment of this sector. The economy of Bangladesh is largely dependent on agriculture. However the Ready–Made Garments (RMG) sector has emerged as the biggest earner of foreign currency. The RMG sector has experienced an exponential growth...
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...ABSTRACT While outsourcing internal audit function in the private sector has been extensively Investigated by various researchers (Carey and Chua, 1999; Petravick, 1997; and Sharma and Subramaniam, 200l; amongst others), there is scant empirical data from the public sector. This study attempts to fill the gap by providing some preliminary evidence in food and beverages industry. Using responses from 3 firms which includes Dangote flour mills, UAC and Northern Nigeria flour mills plc, the study found that more than 85% of the respondents had either fully outsourced or co-sourced their internal audit function. Further, non-department entities were found to more likely to fully outsource their internal audit function than the departments. Lack of technological know-how and service quality of external providers seem to outrank cost-related factors as reasons for outsourcing. The study also raises several issues in relation to a lack of segregation of duties in the process of selecting and monitoring outsourced arrangements. Implications for policy setting and avenues for future research avenues are discussed. INTODUCTION In today’s business environment, outsourcing processes to a third party has become relatively commonplace. The practice gives organizations an opportunity to gain efficiencies, improve performance, lower costs, and focus on core competencies. Many businesses, however, fail to complete necessary due diligence work before the outsourcing relationship begins and neglect...
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...The Acceptance and Awareness of Small and Medium Enterprises towards Implementation of GST in Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru CHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study The production of a good or service, in general, goes through several stages before the final product or service reaches the consumer. To illustrate, if the production and distribution process is divided into three basic stages of manufacturing, wholesaling and retailing, value is added at each stage through further processing, packing or other improvements before it reaches the consumer via the retailer. The GST is a tax on the value added to the output or service at each stage of the process. In its generic form, the GST is a value-added tax (VAT). These terms are used interchangeably in this note. A multi-stage tax like the GST protects tax collections through two built-in features. First, the multi-point collection and invoice trail minimizes tax avoidance and tax evasion. This is because the need to issue and obtain invoices to claim tax deductions for taxes imbedded in inputs from a previous stage of the production chain fosters greater compliance. Second, the GST is better able to protect revenue from tax evasion by retailers as compared to a single-stage sales tax imposed solely at the retail sales tax (RST). This feature, however, comes with greater administrative and compliance costs. 1.2 Problem...
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...Professor Dr. Bruno Staffelbach Supervising tutor: Dorothea Brunner Subject area: BWL I Subject: Human Resource Management Author: Mylene Perez Schüracherstr. 14a, 8306 Brüttisellen myleneperez82@yahoo.de Student ID Number: 02-728-285 Field of Study: BWL (Business Administration) Number of Semester: 10 Brüttisellen, 18.06.2008 Turnover Intent ABSTRACT Voluntary employee turnovers incur significant cost for an organization. Thus it is important to identify turnover intents as early as possible in order to enable planners to help implement courses of action. Within the scope of this diploma thesis a review of literature on turnover intent is offered. Initially the importance of the phenomenon is established and exact definitions of the subject area are presented. Subsequently the potentially critical impact of turnover behavior on organizational effectiveness is discussed. Several theoretical concepts that explain the occurrence of the turnover intent, and five key models that shaped the research on turnover, are presented and partially critiqued. This study also analyzes the effect of various factors on turnover intent using data from the HR-Barometers 2007. These factors were categorized into psychological, economical and demographic determinants, as well as moderating factors. The results revealed that the psychological determinants, such as psychological contract and job satisfaction, were the strongest significant predictors of future quits. Freiwillige...
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...Milkovich−Newman: Compensation, Eighth Edition Front Matter 1. The Pay Model © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2004 Chapter One The Pay Model Chapter Outline Compensation: Definition, Please? Society Stockholders Managers Employees Global Views—Vive la différence Forms of Pay Cash Compensation: Base Cash Compensation: Merit Pay/ Cost-of-Living Adjustments Cash Compensation: Incentives Long-Term Incentives Benefits: Income Protection Benefits: Work/Life Focus Benefits: Allowances Total Earnings Opportunities: Present Value of a Stream of Earnings Relational Returns from Work The Employment Relationship Combines Transactional and Relational Returns Variations in Transactional and Relational Expectations A Pay Model Compensation Objectives Four Policies Pay Techniques Book Plan Caveat Emptor—Be an Informed Consumer 1. Does the Research Measure Anything Useful? 2. Does the Study Separate Correlation from Causation? 3. Are There Alternative Explanations? Your Turn: Glamorous Internships? or House Elves? A friend of ours writes that she is in one of the touring companies of the musical Cats. In the company are two performers called “swings” who sit backstage during each performance. Each swing must learn five different lead roles in the show. During the performance, the swing sits next to a rack with five different costumes and makeup for each of the five roles. Our friend, who has a lead in the show, once hurt her shoulder during a dance number. She signaled to someone...
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...Abstract The objective of this study is to have practical knowledge on the Retail Banking services provided by the Private Conventional Banks and the Islamic banks in Bangladesh. Today, banks realize the importance of Retail Banking and its potential to help them acquire new customers, retain existing ones and maximize their lifetime value. this report provides an overall view of Retail Banking services in Bangladesh. the services provided by Private Conventional Banks and the Islamic banks are mentioned. Followed by are the products that are being used to provide these services. A trend of the retail banking services is done in the analysis part of this report. The Islamic banking concept is being adopted by some of the Private Commercial Banks to generate better understanding of the customer for product development, segmentation, appropriate targeting, campaign management and maintenance of long term profitable and mutually beneficial relationships with customers. The concept of Islamic Banking has been implemented on a vast scale. To meet the objective of the report a trend analysis of the retail deposit indicators,retail deposits and loans and advances is done in the fifth part of the report. there growth is also shown with line graphs. A comparison is also made between the PCB's retail banking services and that of IB's. In part six findings are listed and some recommendations are also made accordingly. Table of Contents Sl No | Topic | Page No. | 1.0 | Introduction1...
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...A PROJECT REPORT ON COMPENSATION MANAGEMENT IN HETERO DRUGS LIMITED SANATHNAGAR, HYDERABAD In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of MASTER OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Submitted by G.VARALAKSHMI [pic] K.G.R.L.PG COLLEGE, BHIMAVARAM. ANDHRA UNVERISTY VISKAPATANAM (2009-2011) DECLARATION I here by declare that this project report titled a study on “COMPENSATION MANAGEMENT” in HETERO DRUGS LIMITED has been carried out by me Submitted in partial fulfillment of the award of the degree of “ MASTER OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT”, in K.G.R.L .PG COLLEGE BHIMAVARAM. PLACE: DATE: (G.VARALAKSHMI) PREFACE In today’s changing world on should aware of latest trends market demand then only survival can be possible and can compete with others. The concept of “compensation management” plays a significant role in HUMAN RESOURECE MANAGEMENT. COMPENSATION MANAGEMENT is defined as “ systematic approach to provide monetary value to employee in exchange of work performed” A study has been conducted on “COMPANSATION MANAGEMENT” and a Questionnaire is prepared to conduct survey to know how it is working in “HETERO DRUGS LIMITED”. A through analysis is presented in this report on the study conducted with the help of graphical representation. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I take the opportunity to express...
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...and sharpen the analytical skill of the student. You are instructed to go through the course materials carefully and thoroughly to have better understanding of the subject. You are advised to attend the Personal Contact Programmes to have better clarity on the subject. At the end of the each unit, the review questions are given to enable you to prepare for Examinations. The Model Question Paper is given at the end of the course material for reference and practice. We wish you all the best in your endeavour for successful completion of the programme. Director Directorate of Distance Education Alagappa University Karaikudi, Tamilnadu. MBA PAPER 4.33 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS SYLLABUS UNIT 1 Industrial Relations: Concept – Definition – Significance – Objectives – Scope – Approaches – Principles of good industrial relations – Role of State, Employers and the Unions in industrial relation. UNIT 2 Trade Unionism and Industrial Relations: Labour movement – Concepts – Trade union movement – Development of trade unionism in Indian – Functions and problems of trade unions. International Labour Movement – International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) – World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTC) – International Labour Organisations (ILO) – Origin, history, objectives and functions. UNIT 3 Industrial Disputes: Meaning – Causes – Forms – Industrial relations machinery – Joint consultation – Works...
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...the analytical skill of the student. You are instructed to go through the course materials carefully and thoroughly to have better understanding of the subject. You are advised to attend the Personal Contact Programmes to have better clarity on the subject. At the end of the each unit, the review questions are given to enable you to prepare for Examinations. The Model Question Paper is given at the end of the course material for reference and practice. We wish you all the best in your endeavour for successful completion of the programme. Director Directorate of Distance Education Alagappa University Karaikudi, Tamilnadu. MBA PAPER 4.33 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS SYLLABUS UNIT 1 Industrial Relations: Concept – Definition – Significance – Objectives – Scope – Approaches – Principles of good industrial relations – Role of State, Employers and the Unions in industrial relation. UNIT 2 Trade Unionism and Industrial Relations: Labour movement – Concepts – Trade union movement – Development of trade unionism in Indian – Functions and problems of trade unions. International Labour Movement – International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) – World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTC) – International Labour Organisations (ILO) – Origin, history, objectives and functions. UNIT 3 Industrial Disputes: Meaning – Causes – Forms – Industrial relations machinery – Joint consultation – Works...
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...INTRODUCTION TO MACROECONOMICS E202 $ ¥ Dr. David A. Dilts Department of Economics Doermer School of Business and Management Sciences Indiana-Purdue University-Fort Wayne June 1, 1993 Revisions: May 1994, December 1995, July 1996, November, 2000, May 2003, May 2006 PREFACE This Course Guide was developed in part because of the high cost of college textbooks, and in part, to help organize students’ studying by providing lecture notes together with the reading assignments. This Guide is provided to the student online at the Department of Economics website. Jayla Heller, the Department’s secretary has been kind enough to go through all of the frustration and hard work to put the guide in the appropriate format and put it online. To her goes my gratitude. The department, neither school, nor the professor make anything whatsoever from this Guide. In fact, the department’s budget and the professor’s own resources are used in the writing of the Guide, and the numerous draft copies that are produced in the revisions of this document. Like the sign in the Mom and Pop bait shop on Big Barbee Lake says, “This is a non-profit organization, wasn’t planned to be – it just worked out that way.” Well, actually it was planned to be a non-profit enterprise in this case. The professor also wishes to acknowledge the fact that several students have proposed changes, improvements, caught errors, and helped to make this document more useful as a learning tool. Naturally, any errors of omission...
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...Restaurant Industry in India - Trends and Opportunities Restaurant Industry in India - Trends and Opportunities HVS International (India), Mr. Navjit Ahluwalia, Associate Director and Mr. Dushyant Singh, Consulting & Valuation Analyst Research, Report Writing Mr. Shyam Suri, Secretary General, FHRAI Editing, Report Fianlisation Mr. Pooran Chandra Pandey, Assistant Secretary General (Research), FHRAI Hotel Questionnaire & Co-ordination Mr. Raj Rajeshwar Sharma, Computer Data Assistant Design, Graphics, Pre-press & DTP Printed by : Published in April 2004 by: Secretary General, Federation of Hotel & Restaurant Associations of India B-82, 8th Floor, Himalaya House, 23 Kasturba Gandhi Marg, New Delhi - 110 001 Phones : (011) 23318781, 23318782, 23322634, 23322647, 23323770 Fax : (011) 23322645 E-Mail : fhrai@vsnl.com Website : www.fhrai.com © Federation of Hotel & Restaurant Associations of India (FHRAI), 2004 Price: One copy free to concerned FHRAI members. (Additional copies at Rs. 400.00 for FHRAI members and Rs.600.00 for Non-Members.) US$50.00 for foreign dispatches 2 Contents Table of Contents 1. 2. 3. Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Background Scenario and Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Analysis of Questionnaire Responses 3.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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