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The Mechanics of Music
Taylor Ratliff
AP English 12
Mrs.Paudel
January 29th, 2013

The Mechanics of Music The volunteer project I chose to do was to help the choir teacher at Kenmore high school, Ms.Bellamy, with anything she needed. In my time volunteering I organized music, took extra time to learn new songs to perform at the concerts, make bell work for her classes, and perform at nursing homes and hospitals. I have been helping Ms.Bellamy with these things for 3 years, even though I haven’t been getting volunteer hours for it. I love to sing, read, and write music. That is why I like helping her with these tasks. Through my high school years I have learned a lot about music, but there is still so much that I do not know. In this paper, I will break down how a music producer goes about making beats, recording singers/rappers, and putting the finishing touches on upcoming songs.
The Sound Engineer A sound engineer’s job is to make a beat for the song, set up the recording equipment, record the artist, and put the finishing touches on the song to make it sound the best it can. A sound engineer has to be proficient with different types of recording media, such as analog tape, digital multitrack recorders and workstations, and computer knowledge. There are four distinct steps to commercial production of a recording that a sound engineer is responsible for: recording, editing, mixing, and mastering. Recording is when the engineer physically records the artist rapping or singing. Editing is where the engineer applies auto tune, which makes the voice sound perfect, and tweaks the rhythm and pace of a song. Mixing is where the engineer uses the equalizers and faders to create the overall sound they want in the song. Mastering is when the engineer makes any final adjustments to the overall sound of the song in the final step before commercial duplication (2010).
Making a Beat Making the beat is probably the most difficult step in making a complete song. First, the sound engineer has to make sure they have the proper equipment and software. Second, the engineer must understand the structure of a beat. Third, the engineer must make the instrumental loops that make the song catchy, but they can’t be too complicated or the artist will lose the listeners attention. Fourth, the engineer must make the bass line, which isn’t very difficult after they have made the loops. Well-made bass lines are understated and add to the song instead of just hanging in the background. Fifth, the engineer must add effects such as snare, high hats, and claps, but they cannot add too much because that would cause the song to be unlistenable. Lastly, the engineer masters the track and plays with the sound levels until they are happy with the end result (Rozario, 2012).
Recording
Recording is one of the easiest steps in the process of making a song. To properly record someone the engineer must make sure the singer is well rehearsed, physically comfortable, and not under and pressure. There should always be a pop shield between the singer and the microphone, which controls any unnatural 'pops' on plosive 'b' and 'p' sounds that can't be fixed after recording. The key factor in having a good quality recording is to have a good microphone. Other little things such as where the mic is placed in the room, how far away the singer is from the mic, and how large the room is, all affect the quality of the recording.
Mixing and Mastering Mixing the song is when the engineer adds effects to the tracks as they see fit. There are no rules, but they usually add light compression and equalization to each instrument. They use reverb carefully to give spaciousness, but they must be careful not to add so much that the tracks get muddled together. They also adjust the frequencies of each instrument so that each holds a separate area of the tonal spectrum. Too much middle range across several instruments, for example, will make for an indistinct mix. Mastering is the process of preparing and transferring recorded audio from a source containing the final mix to a data storage device, the source from which all copies will be produced. Mastering is basically where the engineer listens to the track over and over again, tweaking it, until every little piece and part of the song is perfect. Then the engineer decides that it is the final mix of the song. After this step, the song is completely finished and ready to play for everyone to hear.
Conclusion
Making a complete song is a very complicated and difficult thing to do, but with the right equipment and know how it can be done. There are many pieces and parts that contribute to the final product of a song. In Ms.Bellamy’s room I would listen to and sing music every day and finally researching how to make a song brings everything I’ve learned together. Music is a complicated but beautiful thing.

References
Audio engineering - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (n.d.). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved January 24, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_engineering
How to Make a Hip Hop/Rap Beat: 6 steps - wikiHow. (n.d.). wikiHow - How to do anything. Retrieved January 24, 2013, from http://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Hip-Hop/Rap-Beat
Johnson, Greg. "How to Mix a Song | eHow.com." eHow | How to Videos, Articles & More - Discover the expert in you. | eHow.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Jan. 2013. <http://www.ehow.com/how_4487393_mix-song.html>.
Katz, Robert A.. Mastering audio: the art and the science. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Focal Press, 2007. Print.
Make Your Own Beats - How To Produce Music Part One. (n.d.). How To Promote Your Music And More With Independent Music Advice. Retrieved January 24, 2013, from http://www.independentmusicadvice.com/2011/05/how-to-produce-music-for-beginners-part-one/

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